中国粮食产量、供需关系时空格局及影响因素
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金万富(1985—),男,江西彭泽人,副教授,博士,主要从事区域发展与城乡规划。E-mail: jinwanfu0927@163.com |
收稿日期: 2024-09-22
修回日期: 2025-04-10
网络出版日期: 2025-12-15
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42171188)
广东省哲学社会科学规划项目(GD23XYJ16)
广东财经大学科研项目(2024GLPY10)
版权
Spatio-temporal patterns and influencing factors of grain output and supply-demand relationships in China
Received date: 2024-09-22
Revised date: 2025-04-10
Online published: 2025-12-15
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42171188)
Guangdong planning Office of philosophy and Social Science(GD23XYJ16)
Research Project of Guangdong University of Finance and Economics(2024GLPY10)
Copyright
根据2000—2022年285个城市粮食产量和年末人口规模等面板数据,本文采用空间分析、粮食产需空间失配指数和双向固定效应模型等方法探讨了中国粮食产量、供需关系时空格局演变及影响因素。研究发现:①粮食产量增长速度放缓,3大粮食产销分区(主产区、产销平衡区和主销区)中主销区粮食产量下降;粮食产量空间集聚程度增加,高值集聚区向东北地区和黄淮海地区集中,低值集聚区向华南地区和长江中下游地区集中。②人均粮食占有量由高于温饱水平增长至高于粮食安全线,粮食生产和需求的空间不匹配加剧;主产区人均粮食占有量增加明显,粮食供给非常充裕;产销平衡区人均粮食占有量略有下降,粮食供给较拮据;主销区人均粮食占有量下降明显,粮食供给非常拮据;粮食供给非常充裕的城市向北方集中,供给非常拮据城市向南方集聚,供给较充裕和较拮据城市零散分布;主产区和产销平衡区粮食供需关系改善的城市数量较多,主销区粮食供需关系恶化的城市较多。③播种面积是影响粮食产量的关键积极因素,城镇化则是关键的消极因素。可为调整中国粮食产销分区、缓解粮食供需矛盾格局和促进粮食生产提供参考。
金万富 , 张国俊 , 高军波 . 中国粮食产量、供需关系时空格局及影响因素[J]. 地理科学, 2025 , 45(12) : 2650 -2661 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20241002
Based on panel data of grain output and year-end population size from 285 cities during 2000—2022, this study employs spatial analysis, the spatial mismatch index of grain supply and demand, and a two-way fixed effects model to explore the spatiotemporal evolution and influencing factors of China’s grain output and supply-demand relationships. The results show that: 1) The growth rate of grain output has slowed, with a decline in grain output in major sales areas among the three primary grain output and sales zones. The spatial clustering of grain output has intensified, with high-value clusters concentrating in the northeast and Huang-Huai-Hai regions, while low-value clusters are shifting to South China and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The spatial distribution center of grain output has shifted northeastward. 2) The per capita grain availability has increased from above the subsistence level to exceeding the food security threshold, while the spatial mismatch between grain output and demand has intensified. Per capita grain availability in major production areas has increased significantly, with an abundant grain supply. In production-consumption balance areas, per capita grain availability has slightly declined, resulting in a relatively tight supply. In major sales areas, per capita grain availability has decreased markedly, leading to a very constrained supply. Cities with abundant grain supply are concentrated in the northern regions, while cities with very limited grain supply are clustered in the southern regions. Cities with relatively abundant or relatively scarce supply are scattered across various areas. Many cities in major production areas and production-consumption balance areas have seen improvements in the grain supply-demand relationship, while many cities in major sales areas have experienced a deterioration in this relationship. 3) There is a significant positive relationship between grain output and factors such as sown area, technological progress, government intervention, climate, and farmland quality. Among these, sown area is the key factor driving grain output growth. In contrast, grain prices, urbanization, and agricultural labor force have a significant negative impact on grain output, with urbanization having the most pronounced negative effect. The findings of this study can provide references for adjusting China’s grain production-consumption divisions, alleviating the grain supply-demand imbalance, and promoting grain production.
表1 2000—2022年城市粮食供给类型变化Table 1 Changes in regional grain supply types from 2000 to 2022 |
| 区域类型 | 变化趋势 | 变化类型(城市个数) | 主要分布地区 |
| 注:—为没有这种类型城市; 不含港澳台数据。 | |||
| 主产区 | 改善 | 较充裕→非常充裕(25) | 黄淮海平原区、长江中下游地区 |
| 较拮据→较充裕(8)、非常拮据→较拮据(4)、非常拮据→较充裕(5) | 均零散分布 | ||
| 较拮据→非常充裕(12)、非常拮据→非常充裕(5) | 均集中东北地区 | ||
| 恶化 | 较充裕→较拮据(7)、较充裕→非常拮据(3)、非常充裕→较充裕(3)、非常充裕→非常拮据(2)、较拮据→非常拮据(7) | 均较散 | |
| 未变 | 维持较充裕(15)、较拮据(16) | 四川盆地及周边地区、长江中下游地区 | |
| 保持非常充裕(43) | 东北地区、黄淮海平原区、长江中下游地区 | ||
| 保持非常拮据(15) | 长江中下游、东北地区 | ||
| 产销平 衡区 | 改善 | 较充裕→非常充裕(4)、较拮据→较充裕(6) | 甘肃省、云贵高原区 |
| 较拮据→非常充裕(5)、非常拮据→非常充裕(6) | 黄土高原区、北方干旱半干旱区 | ||
| 非常拮据→较充裕(3)、非常拮据→较拮据(2) | 分布均较散 | ||
| 恶化 | 较充裕→较拮据(1)、非常充裕→较拮据(1) | 广西壮族自治区、宁夏回族自治区 | |
| 较充裕→非常拮据(2) | 贵州省 | ||
| 较拮据→非常拮据(16) | 广西壮族自治区、云贵高原区 | ||
| 未变 | 保持非常充裕(2)、较拮据(6)、非常拮据(15) | 均较散 | |
| 主销区 | 改善 | 无改善城市 | — |
| 恶化 | 较充裕→较拮据(2)、较充裕→非常拮据(1)、较拮据→非常拮据(14) | 浙江省、福建省、华南地区 | |
| 未变 | 保持非常拮据(29) | 华南地区、浙江省 | |
表2 粮食生产影响因素估计结果Table 2 Estimated results of factors affecting grain production |
| 变量 | 估计系数 | 标准误差 | t | P>|t| |
| 注:ar为粮食播种面积; pr为粮食出售价格;pa为技术进步;go为政府干预;ur为城镇化率;la为农业劳动力;ra为年降水量;te为年均温度;qu为耕地质量等级;不含港澳台数据。 | ||||
| ln (ar) | | | 80.29 | 0.000 |
| ln (pr) | − | | −2.55 | 0.011 |
| ln(pa) | | | 5.99 | 0.000 |
| go | | | 7.48 | 0.000 |
| ur | − | | −2.85 | 0.004 |
| ln (la) | − | | −4.17 | 0.000 |
| ln (ra) | | | 6.24 | 0.000 |
| te | | | 3.55 | 0.000 |
| qu:中 | | | 1.41 | 0.158 |
| qu:高 | | | 4.14 | 0.000 |
| 个体效益 | 是 | |||
| 时间效应 | 是 | |||
| R 2 | | |||
| F | 579.50 | |||
| 观测数 | | |||
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