中国旅游业数字化水平测度及空间非均衡性研究
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陈勤昌(1992—),男,湖北通山人,助理研究员,主要从事数字文旅研究。E-mail: chenqc7777@163.com |
收稿日期: 2024-08-29
修回日期: 2025-03-07
网络出版日期: 2025-12-16
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(41771162)
国家自然科学基金项目(41971188)
版权
Measurement of digitalization level and spatial disequilibrium of tourism industry in China
Received date: 2024-08-29
Revised date: 2025-03-07
Online published: 2025-12-16
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41771162)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971188)
Copyright
辨识旅游业数字化发展的空间非均衡性特征,可为弥合旅游产业“数字鸿沟”、优化旅游业新质生产力空间布局提供科学依据。基于旅游业数字化的内涵特征构建综合评价指标体系,采用熵权TOPSIS法、Dagum基尼系数、Kernel密度估计和Markov链分析法探究了2011—2022年中国旅游业数字化水平的空间非均衡性特征及其动态演化趋势。结果表明:①中国旅游业数字化水平呈稳步增长态势,存在“东高西低、南高北低”的空间分异特征。②中国旅游业数字化水平总体差异呈波动下降状态,区域内呈“东北>东部>西部>中部”的差序格局,省际间差距是旅游业“数字鸿沟”扩大的主要来源。③条件概率密度曲线沿45°对角线两侧分布,旅游业数字化水平的分布动态相对稳定;在纳入地理空间因素后,中国旅游业数字化水平表现出敛缩态势。④不考虑地理空间效应,中国旅游业数字化水平长期存在“马太效应”和“俱乐部趋同现象”,随着相邻省份空间滞后类型水平的提升,旅游业数字化水平受相邻省份的空间溢出效应影响显著。
陈勤昌 , 王兆峰 , 邱梦真 . 中国旅游业数字化水平测度及空间非均衡性研究[J]. 地理科学, 2026 , 46(1) : 191 -204 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20240965
Identifying the spatial non-equilibrium characteristics of digitalization development in the tourism industry can provide scientific basis for bridging the “digital divide” in the tourism industry and optimizing the spatial layout of new quality productivity in the tourism industry. Based on the connotation characteristics of digitalization in the tourism industry, a comprehensive evaluation system was constructed, and the entropy weight TOPSIS method, Dagum Gini coefficient, Kernel density estimation, and Markov chain analysis were used to explore the spatial non-equilibrium characteristics and dynamic evolution trends of tourism digitalization level from 2011 to 2022 in China. The findings indicate that: 1) According to the entropy weight TOPSIS method, it can be concluded that the digitalization level of tourism industry has maintained a steady upward trend from 2011 to 2022 in China, with eastern provinces and cities such as Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangdong leading the way. The spatial differentiation characteristics of the digitalization level of tourism industry in China were gradually emerging, roughly showing a gradient distribution state of “high in the east and low in the west” and “high in the south and low in the north”. The spatial imbalance phenomenon of the digitalization level of tourism industry among provinces in China was significant. 2) In terms of regional differences and decomposition, the overall difference in the digitalization level of the tourism industry shows a fluctuating downward trend, and the imbalance between regions shows a shrinking trend. The overall regional differences were in a state of “northeast>east>west>central”, but inter provincial differences have become the main source of the “digital divide” in the tourism industry, and narrowing regional differences has become a key direction to bridge the digital level gap of the tourism industry in China. 3) According to the Kernel density estimation method, it can be concluded that the conditional probability density curve was distributed along a 45° diagonal, and the dynamic distribution of digitalization level in the tourism industry was relatively stable. After taking into account geographical spatial factors, the digitalization level of tourism industry in China showed a shrinking trend during the research period. 4) According to the Markov chain method, it can be inferred that if geographical spatial effects are not taken into account, the digitalization level of tourism industry in China shows the phenomenon of “Matthew effect” and “club convergence”; After incorporating geographic spatial effects, as the level of spatial lag in neighboring provinces increases, the digitalization level of local tourism industry was significantly affected by the spatial spillover effects of neighboring provinces.
表1 旅游业数字化水平综合评价体系及权重Table 1 Comprehensive evaluation system and weights of digitalization level of tourism industry |
| 维度层 | 准则层 | 指标层 | 单位 | 权重值 |
| 注:–为无量纲数据。 | ||||
| 旅游数字化基础设施 | 供给端技术支撑 | 移动电话基站密度 | 万个/万km2 | |
| 光缆覆盖度 | km/km2 | | ||
| 每百家企业拥有网站数 | 个 | | ||
| 软件业收入金额 | 亿元 | | ||
| 需求端技术支撑 | 每百人拥有移动电话 | 部 | | |
| 互联网宽带接入端口数 | 万户 | | ||
| 互联网普及率 | % | | ||
| 人均邮电业务量 | 元/人 | | ||
| 旅游数字化产业环境 | 旅游产业基础 | 4A级及以上旅游景区(点)数 | 家 | |
| 星级酒店数 | 家 | | ||
| 旅行社数 | 家 | | ||
| 旅游总人次 | 万人次 | | ||
| 旅游总收入占GDP比重 | % | | ||
| 数字经济环境 | 智慧城市试点数量 | 个 | | |
| 数字普惠金融指数 | – | | ||
| 网络移动支付水平 | – | | ||
| 技术市场发育水平 | – | | ||
| 区域信息化发展指数 | – | | ||
| 旅游数字化要素投入 | 资本要素投入 | 旅游业固定资产投资额 | 亿元 | |
| 文化和旅游事业经费占财政支出比重 | % | | ||
| 劳动力要素投入 | 旅游业从业人数 | 万人 | | |
| 旅游高等院校在校学生数 | 人 | | ||
| 创新要素投入 | 旅游类科研机构数量 | 个 | | |
| 旅游R&D经费投入 | 亿元 | | ||
| 旅游数字化效用效益 | 数字化应用 | 智慧旅游门户网站数 | 个 | |
| 发表数字旅游相关论文数 | 篇 | | ||
| 万人旅游业专利授权数 | 个 | | ||
| 数字化效益 | 旅游企业数字化程度 | – | | |
| 在线旅游市场交易金额 | 亿元 | | ||
| 旅游电子商务销售额 | 亿元 | | ||
表2 无滞后类型传统马尔可夫转移概率矩阵Table 2 Transition probability matrix of non-lag type traditional Markov |
| 类型 | I | Ⅱ | Ⅲ | Ⅳ |
| 注:港澳台数据暂缺。 | ||||
| I | | | | |
| Ⅱ | | | | |
| Ⅲ | | | | |
| Ⅳ | | | | |
表3 空间马尔科夫转移矩阵Table 3 Spatial Markov transition matrix |
| 滞后类型 | 类型 | I | II | III | IV |
| 注:港澳台数据暂缺。 | |||||
| I | I | | | | |
| II | | | | | |
| III | | | | | |
| IV | | | | | |
| II | I | | | | |
| II | | | | | |
| III | | | | | |
| IV | | | | | |
| III | I | | | | |
| II | | | | | |
| III | | | | | |
| IV | | | | | |
| IV | I | | | | |
| II | | | | | |
| III | | | | | |
| IV | | | | | |
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