安徽宣城第四纪红土风化特征及其古气候意义
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刘婉婷(2001—),女,河南驻马店人,硕士研究生,主要从事河流地貌与第四纪环境研究。E-mail: 2321011564@ahnu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2024-10-13
修回日期: 2025-04-18
网络出版日期: 2026-01-07
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42471011)
安徽省自然科学基金项目(2108085MD127)
版权
Weathering characteristics of quaternary red clay in Xuancheng, Anhui Province and its paleoclimatic significance
Received date: 2024-10-13
Revised date: 2025-04-18
Online published: 2026-01-07
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42471011)
Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province(2108085MD127)
Copyright
基于电子自旋共振(ESR)测年和元素地球化学测量,研究了安徽宣城电厂红土剖面的风化特征及其古气候意义。研究结果表明:①电厂红土剖面自下而上Al2O3含量、 Fe2O3含量和CIA值波动减小,而SiO2含量、BA值、Na/K值和Mg/Ca值波动增大,据此可划分为3个层段,即层段 Ⅰ(10.7~6.8 m)、层段 Ⅱ(6.8~3.0 m)和层段 Ⅲ(3.0~0.3 m);②电厂红土剖面层段Ⅰ的年代区间约为(844 —603) ka B. P.,风化程度较强;层段Ⅱ的年代区间约为(603 —468) ka B. P.,风化程度达到最强;层段Ⅲ的年代区间约为(468 —356) ka B. P.,风化程度逐渐减弱;③在气候要素组合中,降水对电厂红土剖面风化程度的控制作用较温度更为突出,据此推断出区域降水的变化特征,即(844 —603) ka B. P.区域降水较多、气候较为湿润,(603 —468) ka B. P.区域降水最多、气候最为暖湿,而(468 —356) ka B. P.区域降水较少、气候逐渐转干。④电厂红土剖面风化指标与全球古气候记录(大陆冰芯、深海岩芯、陆地黄土)可能具有负相关关系,其相对湿期基本对应于全球冰期和黄土堆积期,而其相对干期则对应于全球间冰期和古土壤发育期。
刘婉婷 , 胡春生 , 高运 , 李伯祥 , 赵婷婷 , 翁丹煜 , 杨立辉 . 安徽宣城第四纪红土风化特征及其古气候意义[J]. 地理科学, 2026 , 46(2) : 302 -313 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20241150
The widely distributed Quaternary laterite in Xuancheng, Anhui Province, has good continuous depositional characteristics, and is a key information carrier for the study of palaeoclimate evolution and palaeoenvironmental changes in the southern region of China. The newly discovered DCRC in Xuancheng is 10.7 m thick, with remarkable development of red and yellow bands, and can be divided into 15 layers from bottom to top. Combining electron spin resonance (ESR) dating and elemental geochemical data, we investigated the weathering characteristics of the DCRC laterite profile and their palaeoclimatic significance. The results show that: 1) With depth, the Al2O3 content, Fe2O3 content, and CIA value decrease, whereas the SiO2 content, BA value, Na/K ratio, and Mg/Ca ratio increase. Based on these trends, the profile is divided into three intervals: Interval I (10.7-6.8 m), Interval II (6.8-3.0 m), and Interval III (3.0-0.3 m). 2) Chronologically, Interval I [(844—603) ka B. P.] underwent strong weathering, Interval II [(603—468) ka B. P.] experienced the most intense weathering, and Interval III [ (468—356) ka B. P.] shows a gradual weakening of weathering intensity. 3) Climate element analysis indicates that precipitation played a more dominant role than temperature in controlling the weathering intensity of the DCRC profile. Consequently, regional precipitation is reconstructed in three stages: a wet period in (844—603) ka B. P., a peak humid and warm period in (603—468) ka B. P., and a transition to a drier climate in (468—356) ka B. P.. 4) The weathering indices correlate negatively with global palaeoclimate records (e.g., continental ice cores, deep-sea cores, and terrestrial loess). Specifically, the relative wet periods in the DCRC profile broadly correspond to global glacial periods and loess accumulation, whereas the dry periods synchronize with global interglacials and palaeosol development. This study investigates the weathering characteristics of the DCRC in Xuancheng and the regional paleoclimate information it contains, providing foundational data for paleoclimate research in southern China. While preliminary findings suggest a potential negative correlation between paleoclimate changes in the study area and global paleoclimate records, further research is needed to elucidate the specific causes and underlying mechanisms of this relationship.
图1 研究区与宣城电厂红土剖面Fig. 1 Study area and electric power plant red clay section in Xuancheng |
图2 宣城电厂红土剖面层位划分与ESR样品采样位置Fig. 2 Stratigraphic division and ESR sampling points of electric power plant red clay section in Xuancheng |
表1 宣城电厂红土剖面层位划分与描述Table 1 Stratigraphic division and description of electric power plant red clay section in Xuancheng |
| 层号 | 深度/m | 形态特征描述 |
| 1 | 0~0.3 | 顶部为灰色(7.5YR 6/1,润),下部暗红棕(2.5YR 3/4,润),表层土,含植物根系,结构疏松 |
| 2 | 0.3~1.0 | 浅黄色(7.5YR 8/6,润),粉砂质粘土,无网纹,结构疏松 |
| 3 | 1.0~1.7 | 暗红色(2.5YR 4/6,润),粘土,无网纹,含铁锰结核 |
| 4 | 1.7~2.3 | 淡黄色(7.5YR 8/6,润),粉砂质粘土,零星网纹,结构疏松 |
| 5 | 2.3~3.0 | 淡红色(2.5YR 6/8,润),粘土,零星网纹,含较多铁锰结核 |
| 6 | 3.0~3.7 | 土黄色(7.5YR 7/6,润),粉砂质粘土,网纹少,网纹含量<10%,点状分布,大小为1cm×3~4cm,顶部含较多黑色铁锰结核 |
| 7 | 3.7~4.3 | 暗红色(2.5YR 3/6,润),粘土,网纹少,不均匀分布纵向大网纹,占比20%~30% |
| 8 | 4.3~5.0 | 偏黄色(10YR 7/6,润),粉砂质粘土,网纹减少,占比10%~20% |
| 9 | 5.0~6.8 | 紫红色(2.5YR 3/6,润),粘土,网纹非常发育,网状结构,均匀分布,占比>50% |
| 10 | 6.8~7.4 | 土黄色(7.5YR 7/6,润),粉砂质粘土,网纹减少,占比<10%,含红色结核状粘土 |
| 11 | 7.4~8.6 | 红黄色(2.5YR 5/6,润),粘土,横向网纹发育,水平形成横向网纹层,约2 cm宽,横向延伸可达1m,底部网纹发育,中部少,上部又增多,网纹占比20%~30% |
| 12 | 8.6~9.2 | 土黄色(7.5YR 7/6,润),偏黄,粉砂质粘土,网纹减少,分散分布,网纹占比30%,比较均匀分布,1~2 cm宽 |
| 13 | 9.2~9.8 | 总体偏红(2.5YR 4/6,润),红黄相间,粘土,灰红网纹(内含红色印膜),横向增多带状发育,3~4 cm宽,网纹占比40% |
| 14 | 9.8~10.3 | 土黄色(7.5YR 6/6,润),粉砂质粘土,夹纵向灰色网纹,黄色土中有部分纵向分布红色粘土(沿裂隙分布),网纹占比30%~40% |
| 15 | 10.3~10.7 | 紫红色(2.5YR 3/6,润),粘土,发育横向灰红色网纹条带,网纹占比>50%,网纹宽3~4 cm,厚5~6 cm,长可超过20 cm |
表2 宣城电厂红土剖面常量元素含量特征Table 2 Characteristics of macronutrient content of electric power plant red clay section in Xuancheng |
| 层号 | SiO2/% | Al2O3/% | Fe2O3/% | MgO/% | CaO/% | Na2O/% | K2O/% |
| 1 | 67.01 | 11.62 | 5.31 | 0.45 | 0.38 | 0.28 | 1.47 |
| 2 | 66.89 | 11.89 | 5.35 | 0.57 | 0.33 | 0.32 | 1.64 |
| 3 | 65.86 | 12.44 | 5.71 | 0.50 | 0.34 | 0.25 | 1.61 |
| 4 | 67.31 | 11.52 | 6.44 | 0.39 | 0.35 | 0.21 | 1.46 |
| 5 | 69.21 | 10.64 | 5.73 | 0.34 | 0.37 | 0.20 | 1.23 |
| 6 | 68.97 | 11.00 | 5.65 | 0.34 | 0.42 | 0.19 | 1.01 |
| 7 | 63.65 | 12.79 | 8.56 | 0.40 | 0.46 | 0.19 | 1.19 |
| 8 | 65.52 | 12.06 | 7.99 | 0.37 | 0.45 | 0.20 | 1.16 |
| 9 | 63.57 | 12.53 | 9.63 | 0.36 | 0.47 | 0.19 | 1.11 |
| 10 | 69.35 | 10.78 | 6.25 | 0.29 | 0.42 | 0.19 | 1.07 |
| 11 | 65.21 | 12.21 | 8.13 | 0.34 | 0.45 | 0.20 | 1.23 |
| 12 | 63.18 | 13.35 | 8.71 | 0.38 | 0.47 | 0.20 | 1.36 |
| 13 | 61.86 | 13.52 | 10.13 | 0.40 | 0.49 | 0.20 | 1.46 |
| 14 | 65.22 | 12.21 | 8.62 | 0.34 | 0.47 | 0.19 | 1.24 |
| 15 | 66.68 | 11.16 | 8.11 | 0.28 | 0.44 | 0.19 | 1.10 |
| 平均值 | 65.70 | 12.06 | 7.61 | 0.38 | 0.43 | 0.21 | 1.27 |
| 最大值 | 76.44 | 16.56 | 13.44 | 0.60 | 0.56 | 0.34 | 1.74 |
| 最小值 | 56.07 | 8.37 | 3.97 | 0.22 | 0.33 | 0.18 | 0.93 |
表3 宣城电厂红土剖面ESR测年数据Table 3 ESR dating data of electric power plant red clay section in Xuancheng |
| 样品编号 | 深度/m | U/ (μg/g) | Th/ (μg/g) | K/% | 含水量/% | 等效剂量/ Gy | 剂量率/ (Gy/ka) | 年龄/ ka B. P. |
| AHNU- | 10.7 | 3.15±0.13 | 15.8±0.32 | 0.91±0.04 | 17±5 | 1907±303 | 2.26±0.11 | 844±134 |
| AHNU- | 9.2 | 3.79±0.15 | 16.1±0.32 | 1.12±0.04 | 14±5 | 2.64±0.13 | 670±97 | |
| AHNU- | 7.4 | 3.31±0.13 | 14.3±0.29 | 0.94±0.04 | 14±5 | 2.32±0.12 | 626±103 | |
| AHNU- | 3.7 | 3.01±0.12 | 14.5±0.29 | 0.98±0.04 | 13±5 | 2.30±0.12 | 485±67 | |
| AHNU- | 1.0 | 3.12±0.12 | 15.1±0.30 | 1.42±0.06 | 16±5 | 2.65±0.13 | 419±38 | |
| AHNU- | 0.3 | 3.35±0.13 | 16.4±0.33 | 1.29±0.05 | 12±5 | 996±147 | 2.80±0.13 | 356±53 |
表4 东部季风区典型沉积物所在地区年均气温和年均降水量对比表Table 4 Mean annual temperature and precipitation of typical sediments in the eastern monsoon region |
| 区域 | 位置 | 年均气温/℃ | 年均降水量/mm |
| 陕西洛川 | 109°25′E,35°45′N | 10.3 | 597 |
| 江苏镇江 | 119°41′E,32°13′N | 15.6 | |
| 安徽合肥 | 117°20′E,31°46′N | 15.7 | |
| 安徽宣城 | 118°51′E,30°52′N | 15.6 | |
| 江西九江 | 17.0 |
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