区域新建高铁对城市住宅用地价格的本地效应和网络效应研究——以中原城市群为例
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石波(1999—),男,河南焦作人,博士研究生,研究方向为高铁交通与城市群发展。E-mail: bo18239133693@163.com |
收稿日期: 2024-10-16
修回日期: 2025-07-07
网络出版日期: 2026-01-29
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(2022000125)
国家自然科学基金项目(42371191)
中国科学院未来伙伴网络专项项目(045GJHZ2023059FN)
版权
Local and network effects of new high-speed rail on urban residential land prices: A case study of Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration
Received date: 2024-10-16
Revised date: 2025-07-07
Online published: 2026-01-29
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(2022000125)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42371191)
International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences for Future Network Project(045GJHZ2023059FN)
Copyright
新高铁线路的开通不仅提升了沿线城市的交通便利性和区位优势,还可能带来区域层面的网络效应,从而在不同尺度影响高铁城市的经济活动结构。本文以中原城市群为例,探讨高铁网络发展对不同尺度住宅用地出让价格的影响,着重分析新建高铁线路对城市的本地效应与网络效应。研究结果表明:①新高铁线路的开通对土地价值产生了双重影响:一方面直接使高铁沿线城市住宅用地价格平均提升了11.2%(本地效应),另一方面还对区域内其他高铁城市住宅用地价格带来平均约2%的额外提升(网络效应),揭示了高铁网络扩张对城市群整体网络价值的增强作用。②新建高铁的网络效应在不同等级城市呈现显著差异,相较于县和县级市,高铁网络效应对市辖区住宅用地价格的提升更为显著。本研究强调了高铁效应中的本地和网络尺度特征,增强了对高铁网络发展的多维度与异质性影响的理解深度。
石波 , 王磊 , 苗长虹 , 张心语 . 区域新建高铁对城市住宅用地价格的本地效应和网络效应研究——以中原城市群为例[J]. 地理科学, 2026 , 46(2) : 437 -450 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20241195
High-speed rail (HSR) infrastructure development has fundamentally reshaped urban economics and spatial organization of economic activities. The opening of new HSR lines not only enhances transportation convenience and locational advantages of cities along the route but also generates significant network effects at the regional level, thereby influencing the economic activity structure and land valuation patterns of HSR cities at different scales. While much of the existing literature has focused on the direct or local effects of HSR on individual cities, there has been relatively limited exploration of the broader network effects generated by HSR networks. This paper focuses on analyzing both the local and network effects of newly constructed HSR lines on cities, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding HSR’s multidimensional impacts. An empirical study examines the impact of the Zhongyuan Urban Agglomeration’s HSR network development on residential land prices at different scales. By combining the PSM-DID model with multilevel data analysis, the empirical findings reveal a dual mechanism through which new HSR lines influence land value. First, we identify a local effect, where cities directly connected by new HSR lines experience an average increase of 11.2% in residential land prices. This increase can be attributed to the improved accessibility, the enhanced locational appeal, and stronger development expectation among investors and local stakeholders. Second, we uncover a network effect: city, as a part of the broader HSR network, but not is necessarily on the newly opened line, also experiences a positive impact, with residential land prices increasing by approximately 2% on average. This finding highlights the importance of network connectivity and suggests that HSR infrastructure generates externalities to transcend the immediately affected localities. Furthermore, the magnitude of these network effects varies significantly across cities of different administrative levels. Prefecture-level cities benefit more substantially from the network effect compared to county-level cities. This heterogeneity shows the uneven spatial distribution of HSR-related benefits. Urban hierarchy determines how effectively cities can leverage their network position. This study demonstrates that the existence of both local effect and network effect of HSR and reveal the multidimensional and spatially heterogeneous nature of HSR effects. These results provide critical insights for regional planning and infrastructure investment. Policymakers should consider network-wide impacts in designing strategies to promote balanced urban development through transportation infrastructure expansion.
表1 变量的描述与解释Table 1 Description and interpretation of variables |
| 变量 | 变量名 | 描述和解释 |
| 被解释变量 | PRIC | 住宅用地平均出让价格/(元/m2) |
| 解释变量 | HSR | 是否开通高铁:开通为1,否则为0 |
| FRE | 高铁服务频次/(班/d) | |
| CC | 高铁网络接近中心性 | |
| TIME | 高铁旅行时间/min | |
| 控制变量 | DIS | 地块区位条件,即交易地块与 当地政府所在地的距离/km |
| POP | 常住人口数/万人 | |
| PGDP | 人均生产总值/(万元/人) | |
| BE | 公共财政支出/万元 | |
| IND2 | 第二产业占生产总值比重/% | |
| IND3 | 第三产业占生产总值比重/% | |
| BL | 地方金融机构贷款余额/亿元 |
表2 基于PSM-DID模型的高铁对住宅用地价格影响的估计结果Table 2 Impact of high-speed railway on residential land prices based on PSM-DID model |
| 变量 | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) |
| 注:***、**和*为1%,5%和10%水平显著;括号内为标准误差;样本数为 | |||||
| HSR | 0.103*(0.059) | 0.112*(0.058) | |||
| FRE | 0.037**(0.014) | ||||
| HSR×CC | 0.198**(0.095) | ||||
| TIME | -0.401**(0.166) | ||||
| lnDIS | -0.042***(0.012) | -0.043***(0.009) | -0.042***(0.009) | -0.043***(0.009) | |
| lnPOP | 0.018(0.062) | 0.015(0.054) | 0.018(0.054) | 0.039(0.054) | |
| lnPGDP | -0.202**(0.091) | -0.203***(0.070) | -0.196**(0.070) | -0.204***(0.070) | |
| lnBE | 0.146(0.101) | 0.133(0.095) | 0.140(0.094) | 0.162*(0.094) | |
| IND2 | -0.001(0.003) | -0.001(0.002) | -0.001(0.002) | -0.001(0.002) | |
| IND3 | -0.002(0.005) | -0.002(0.004) | -0.002(0.004) | -0.001(0.004) | |
| lnBL | 0.067(0.067) | 0.077(0.049) | 0.068(0.048) | 0.066(0.048) | |
| 常数项 | 7.199***(0.008) | 6.413***(2.053) | 6.524***(1.420) | 6.422***(1.408) | 9.320***(1.944) |
| 个体固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| R2 | 0.722 | 0.729 | 0.727 | 0.728 | 0.729 |
表3 新建高铁的本地效应和网络效应Table 3 Local effect and network effect of new high-speed railway |
| 变量 | 模型1 | 模型2(去掉市辖区) |
| 注:**和*为5%和10%水平显著;括号内为标准误差;空白为无此项;TRT表示处理组虚拟变量,CS为高铁建设虚拟变量,OP为本地高铁开通虚拟变量,ZFOP为郑阜高铁开通虚拟变量,HIER为市辖区虚拟变量。 | ||
| TRT×CS | -0.112**(0.047) | -0.132**(0.055) |
| TRT×OP | 0.129**(0.050) | 0.154**(0.060) |
| TRT×ZFOP | 0.149**(0.064) | 0.122*(0.071) |
| TRT×ZFOP×HIER | 0.174(0.134) | |
| 控制变量 | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 |
| 个体固定效应 | 是 | 是 |
| 样本数 | ||
| R2 | 0.729 | 0.694 |
表4 处理时间提前假设Table 4 Advanced treatment timing assumption |
| 变量 | (1) 2 a | (2) 3 a | (3) 4 a | (4) 5 a | (5) 6 a |
| 注:***、*分别为1%,10%水平上的显著性;括号内为标准误差;变量含义见表1;样本数为 | |||||
| HSR | 0.110* | 0.083 | 0.076 | 0.070 | 0.049 |
| (0.058) | (0.060) | (0.066) | (0.062) | (0.070) | |
| 常数项 | 6.467*** | 6.317*** | 6.191*** | 6.139*** | 6.095*** |
| (2.054) | (2.055) | (2.047) | (2.044) | (2.045) | |
| 控制变量 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 个体固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| R2 | 0.729 | 0.728 | 0.728 | 0.728 | 0.728 |
表5 不同匹配方法回归结果Table 5 Regression results of different matching methods |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | |
| 注:***、**分别为1%,5%水平上的显著性;括号内为标准误差;HSR为是否开通高铁;变量含义见表1。 | |||
| 变量 | 近邻匹配 | 核匹配 | 半径匹配 |
| HSR | 0.112** | 0.102*** | 0.120*** |
| (0.047) | (0.039) | (0.041) | |
| 常数项 | 6.413*** | 6.532*** | 6.539*** |
| (1.404) | (2.060) | (2.062) | |
| 控制变量 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 时间固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 个体固定效应 | 是 | 是 | 是 |
| 样本数 | 1470 | 2002 | 1911 |
| R2 | 0.729 | 0.748 | 0.736 |
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