广州市城市环境噪声昼夜空间分布模拟与特征分析
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张雪(1992—),女,湖南娄底人,讲师,博士,主要从事城市地理和健康地理研究。E-mail: zhangx199@ynu.edu.cn |
收稿日期: 2024-09-22
修回日期: 2025-06-22
网络出版日期: 2026-01-29
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(42271234)
云南省基础研究计划项目(202201AT070421)
版权
Simulation and characteristic analysis of urban environmental noise in daytime and nighttime in Guangzhou
Received date: 2024-09-22
Revised date: 2025-06-22
Online published: 2026-01-29
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271234)
Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202201AT070421)
Copyright
准确掌握城市噪声的时空分布特征对于城市环境噪声防治、管控以及减轻与噪声接触有关的不利健康后果至关重要。本文基于2011—2019年广州市城市环境噪声监测数据,通过随机森林方法对广州市8个区的昼夜环境噪声时空分布进行模拟与特征分析。结果表明:广州市昼夜噪声无明显的年度和季度变化特征,但随居民的活动时间节律有明显的日波动特征。昼、夜噪声模拟值分别为52.92~63.20 dB和37.21~55.33 dB。昼夜噪声空间分布有明显的异质性,总体上中心城区噪声高,且高噪声区域多分布在立交桥、城市高/快速路和主要交通节点间的交通干线等周围区域,其次为工业园区和商业中心周围。研究构建的环境噪声时空分布模拟与分析框架,可为居民环境噪声暴露风险和健康影响评估以及针对性的城市噪声防治和管控措施制定提供理论支撑。
张雪 , 周素红 , 琚鸿 , 陈鸿展 , 陈漾 . 广州市城市环境噪声昼夜空间分布模拟与特征分析[J]. 地理科学, 2026 , 46(2) : 478 -489 . DOI: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.20241064
Accurate understanding of the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of urban noise is crucial for the prevention and control of noise and the reduction of adverse health consequences related to noise exposure. Most of the previous studies focused on the spatial distribution of noise and neglected their temporal variation. Based on the urban environmental noise monitoring data from 2011 to 2019, this paper simulated and analyzed the spatial and temporal distribution of environmental noise in 8 districts of Guangzhou by random forest method. The results showed that there is no obvious annual and quarterly variation of day and night noise in Guangzhou, but obvious diurnal fluctuation characteristics with the residents’ activities. The simulated values of day and night noise were 52.92-63.20 dB and 37.21-55.33 dB, respectively. It’s obvious heterogeneity of the noise spatial distribution. During daytime, the high-noise were mainly concentrated in areas with dense road networks, along both sides of expressways and urban main roads, as well as the overpasses and crossroads. At night, the areas with high noise levels were mainly distributed in the old urban districts, as well as the areas surrounded by some expressways and the intersections of major urban roads. Overall, the noise level in the central urban area was high, especially around major urban traffic arteries, followed by the areas around industrial parks and commercial centers. The main sources of daytime noise were road traffic, dense population and their activities, while the main sources of nighttime noise were road traffic, human activities and activities related to industrial production and medical services. The simulation and analysis framework of environmental noise distribution can provide theoretical support for the assessment of environmental noise exposure risk and health impact of residents, as well as for the formulation of targeted urban noise prevention and control measures.
表1 昼间和夜间噪声模拟模型中使用的预测变量及其最佳缓冲区Table 1 Predictive variable and its optimal buffer used in daytime and nighttime noise simulation model |
| 变量 | 昼间噪声模型 | 夜间噪声模型 | 变量 | 昼间噪声模型 | 夜间噪声模型 | |
| 注:√变量被使用,但未对变量进行缓冲过程;“–”为无此变量;RMSE为均方根误差;MAE为平均绝对误差。 | ||||||
| 土地利用变量 | 建筑物面积比例 | 500 m | – | |||
| 居住用地比例 | 700 m | – | 建筑物平均高度 | – | 50 m | |
| 工业用地比例 | – | 700 m | 人口密度 | |||
| 仓储用地比例 | – | 200 m | 日均人流量 | 300 m | 300 m | |
| 对外交通用地比例 | – | 700 m | 夜间人流量 | – | 50 m | |
| 建成环境变量 | 道路交通属性 | |||||
| 归一化建筑指数平均值 | 300 m | – | 直线中心性 | 300 m | – | |
| 夜间灯光平均值 | 500 m | 30 m | 穿行度 | – | ||
| 医疗保健服务POI数量 | – | 次级道路长度 | 30 m | – | ||
| 道路附属设施POI数量 | 30 m | 30 m | 其他道路长度 | – | ||
| 购物服务POI数量 | 500 m | – | 距主要道路最短距离* | √ | √ | |
| 金融服务POI数量 | 300 m | – | RMSE | 3.79 | 2.75 | |
| 风景名胜POI数量 | 30 m/200 m | – | MAE | 3.17 | 2.16 | |
| 机械制造POI数量 | 300 m | R2 | 0.42 | 0.48 | ||
表2 昼间和夜间噪声模拟模型中预测变量的特征重要性Table 2 Relative importance of predictor variables in daytime and nighttime noise simulation model |
| 昼间噪声模拟模型自变量 | 特征重要性 | 排序 | 夜间噪声模拟模型自变量 | 特征重要性 | 排序 | |
| 直线中心性(300 m) | 0.16 | 1 | 距主要道路最短距离 | 0.18 | 1 | |
| 归一化建筑指数平均值(300 m) | 0.14 | 2 | 夜间人流量(50 m) | 0.12 | 2 | |
| 距主要道路最短距离 | 0.11 | 3 | 日均人流量(300 m) | 0.12 | 3 | |
| 夜间灯光平均值(500 m) | 0.11 | 4 | 夜间灯光平均值(30 m) | 0.09 | 4 | |
| 购物服务POI数量(500 m) | 0.10 | 5 | 工业用地比例(700 m) | 0.09 | 5 | |
| 机械制造POI数量(300 m) | 0.08 | 6 | 其他道路长度( | 0.08 | 6 | |
| 居住用地比例(700 m) | 0.08 | 7 | 医疗保健服务POI数量( | 0.07 | 7 | |
| 日均人流量(300 m) | 0.07 | 8 | 对外交通用地比例(700 m) | 0.06 | 8 | |
| 建筑物面积比例(500 m) | 0.07 | 9 | 穿行度( | 0.06 | 9 | |
| 金融服务POI数量(300 m) | 0.03 | 10 | 机械制造POI数量( | 0.05 | 10 | |
| 次级道路长度(30 m) | 0.03 | 11 | 建筑物平均高度(50 m) | 0.04 | 11 | |
| 风景名胜POI数量(30 m) | 0.01 | 12 | 仓储用地比例(200 m) | 0.03 | 12 | |
| 风景名胜POI数量(200 m) | 0.01 | 13 | 道路附属设施POI数量(30 m) | 0.01 | 13 | |
| 道路附属设施POI数量(30 m) | 0.01 | 14 |
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