宋开山
, 杜云霞, 王宗明, 张树文, 张柏, 刘兆礼, 赵凯, 李晓峰, 毛德华, 刘宝江, 刘焕军, 张树清, 李颖
中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林 长春 130102
Song Kaishan, Du Yunxia, Wang Zongming, Zhang Shuwen, Zhang Bai, Liu Zhaoli, Zhao Kai, Li Xiaofeng, Mao Dehua, Liu Baojiang, Liu Huanjun, Zhang Shuqing, Li Ying
中图分类号: P237
文献标识码: A
文章编号: 1000-0690（2018）07-1023-09
收稿日期: 2018-05-6
修回日期: 2018-07-6
网络出版日期: 2018-07-20
版权声明: 2018 《地理科学》编辑部 本文是开放获取期刊文献，在以下情况下可以自由使用：学术研究、学术交流、科研教学等，但不允许用于商业目的.
基金资助:
作者简介:
作者简介:宋开山（1974-）,男,吉林靖宇人,博士,研究员,主要从事水质与水循环遥感研究。E-mail:songks@iga.ac.cn
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摘要
通过中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所（简称东北地理所）及其前身（长春地理研究所）自1978 年以来40 a的遥感基础理论与应用研究工作的回顾,以主持的国家与地方重要遥感研究项目为主线,首先展现了研究所在遥感队伍建设、人才培养、平台建设、光学与微波遥感基础理论与遥感应用研究、微波遥感器的设计与研制等方面的大量工作;然后结合东北地理所在东北地区及东北亚周边国家开展的研究工作,回顾了研究所在自然资源、土地利用/覆被变化、生态环境演变、灾害监测、农情遥感监测等领域所取得的成就;最后,根据国内外遥感科学与技术的应用发展态势和东北地区资源环境特征,对东北地理所遥感研究的发展前景和优先发展领域进行了展望。
关键词：
Abstract
Through reviewing the basic theory and the application research of remote sensing for the past 40 years since 1978, and also referencing to the national and local research projects funded by national and local government with the major investigator from Northeast Institute of Geography and Agricultural Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences and its predecessor (Changchun Institute of Geography), the major achievements were outlined or briefly concluded in this article. Through this review, it can be concluded that a lot of achievements have been made in the past forty years, including the building of the remote sensing research team, personnel training, platform construction, basic theory development for the optical and microwave remote sensing, remote sensing application research, the design and development of microwave remote sensing devices, and shows its achievements which obtained by combining the researches on the characteristics of natural geographical environment in Northeast China and its adjacent countries (Northeast Asia) in the fields of resources, land use / cover change, ecology, environment, disaster monitoring, remote sensing monitoring and mapping of agricultural conditions and others. Finally, the institute’s development prospects and priority areas of remote sensing research are preliminarily proposed, according to the application and development trend of remote sensing science and technology at home and abroad and the characteristics of resources and environment in Northeast China.
Keywords：
遥感技术是20世纪60年代发展起来的一门新兴、综合性应用技术。遥感信息准确客观地记录了地表地物的电磁波辐射（反射和发射）特征,客观实时地反映出地表景观的实况。遥感手段的引入,为地理学的区域综合分析,区域动态分析的进一步深入研究,以及提高成果的实际应用价值和效益提供了便利和基础①(① 《长春地理所四十年》编写组.长春地理所四十年（1958~1998）,1998.)[1]。20世纪70年代以来,遥感技术在中国地理学中的应用研究发展迅速。1977年中国科学院召开科学研究规划会议,陈述彭先生在地理学科规划讨论会上提出引进和采用遥感技术改造传统地理学的设想,受其启发,中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所（1958年成立的中国科学院长春地理所和1978年成立的中国科学院哈尔滨农业现代化研究所,于2002年合并为中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,以下简称东北地理所）决定于1978年初开始引进和运用这一先进技术,并把遥感技术在地理学中的应用研究作为研究所的重要研究领域之一。具体研究方向主要包括基础性实验研究、遥感信息源开发应用研究、图像处理技术研究、资源遥感与环境遥感研究以及农林与粮食产量估测研究等①(① 《长春地理所四十年》编写组.长春地理所四十年（1958~1998）,1998.)。同时,随着遥感科学与技术的发展,遥感模型与地表参数的遥感反演逐步成为主流,因此,近十几年来,东北地理所在生态参量、地表参数、水文与水质参数的定量遥感机理与模型方面取得了长足进步。近期,随着大数据分析技术的发展,东北地理所部分研究人员也紧跟时代脉搏,在遥感大数据处理与应用方面逐步取得进展[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]。本文主要目的是对过去40 a东北地理所在遥感领域所取得的成果进行梳理与概要的总结,开拓东北地理所及相关研究人员的研究视野、提升科研自信,促进东北地理所在遥感科学与技术领域紧跟时代脉搏,力争在遥感科学与技术领域取得新的进展。
为适应遥感应用技术的发展,促进东北地理所在这一研究领域工作的展开,1978年初在地图研究室首先筹建了遥感应用研究组,1980年1月正式建立遥感应用研究室。1986年建成光学、计算机彩色图像处理系统,成立属于遥感应用研究室的图像处理实验室;该实验室于1987年归开发部管辖,1988年独立建室,1990年与遥感应用研究室合并,1993年又与地图研究室合并,定名为遥感与地理制图研究中心①(① 《长春地理所四十年》编写组.长春地理所四十年（1958~1998）,1998.)。中国科学院长春物理研究所早在1973年即组织第六研究室从事电子学的科研组开展微波遥感器的研制,1986年成立微波遥感研究室,1987年该研究室成建制地从中国科学院长春物理所调入东北地理所。2002年,原遥感与地理制图研究中心和微波遥感室合并成立了遥感与地理信息研究中心。
科研人员紧跟国际前沿,40 a来,先后承担和完成了多项研究和实验任务,取得一系列研究成果,并多次获得国家和省部级奖励。其中,国家和省部级科技奖励20余项。2000年以来,遥感中心获得国家专利授权34项,获得国家软件著作权登记证书88项,在国内外核心期刊发表研究论文600余篇,其中SCI论文240余篇、EI论文70余篇,出版专著8部。
东北地理所是吉林省遥感学会依托单位。该学会自1986年正式成立以来,充分发挥纽带作用,现拥有35个会员单位的450名会员,成为体现吉林省遥感科技雄厚实力的中坚力量。
长春地理所于1978年参加了“腾冲航空遥感实验”,在1979年开展了“长春航空遥感联合试验”。长春地理所投入大批科研力量分别参加了地质、地貌、植被、沼泽、环境保护及系列制图等8个试验组。腾冲和长春航空遥感实验为中国的遥感事业的重要创举,不仅培养了队伍,而且为中国遥感的理论、应用奠定了重要的基础。
2.2.1 中国科学院长春净月潭遥感实验站
中国科学院于1979年结合长春航空遥感试验研究,初步筹建了长春净月潭遥感实验站,并于1989年4月批准实验站对外开放。2002 年起,该实验站由东北地理所管理,隶属于中国科学院特殊环境与灾害监测研究网络,2014年加入中国科学院遥感与地面实验观测网络,2017年加入国家空间基础设施陆地观测卫星共性应用支撑平台项目,服务于高空间分辨率卫星遥感产品的精度验证研究。
2.2.2 仪器设备装备情况
净月潭遥感实验站具有陆基高光谱观测仪、气象自动观测仪、大气气溶胶观测仪、多频段微波辐射计、探地雷达、全球定位系统、物候监测系统、有机碳分析仪、地物光谱仪、成像光谱仪、通量观测仪、网络分析仪、太阳分光光度计、土壤水分与植被监测系统等仪器设备。依托净月潭遥感实验站,搭建了“微波像元尺度真实性检验场”;同时,在中国科学院修购专项等重要项目的支持下,购置了多种用于遥感与生态环境监测的专用设备,包括：ASD 高光谱仪、遥感车、遥控飞艇、遥感平台、移动遥感观测系统、微波辐射计等,成像光谱仪、无人机等。精良的实验平台,为东北地理所乃至东北地区的遥感基础研究搭建了共享平台,多次为兄弟院所和大专院校提供服务。
地物波谱特征是光学遥感的基础,1979~1987年,长春地理所与中国科学院长春光机所、东北师范大学协作,率先开展了地球资源东北地区光谱信息及其应用研究。2002年,东北地理所进入中国科学院“知识创新工程”二期,在百人计划项目、科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目和国家自然科学基金支持下,系统开展了东北地区典型地物光谱特征与模型反演研究,研究成果发表SCI论文20余篇,并出版《东北地区典型地物光谱特征及其组分反演》[8]专著1部。2014年科技部批复了基础性调查项目“测绘地物波谱本底数据库建设”,东北地理所主持“东北地物测绘地物波谱数据采集更新” 课题;经过项目4 a的工作,收集整编6大类地物波谱数据1 000余条,新增光学、微波波谱数据5 000余条,形成了东北地区6大类典型地物的波谱本底数据;该成果具有广泛的应用价值,为东北地区光学遥感研究和模型构建奠定了数据基础。
1973年,按照中国科学院和国家科委遥感发展计划,开展机载微波辐射计的研制工作;1977年,研制成功中国第一台机载微波辐射计。1979年,研制成功机载微波辐射计。初次采用冷负载标准源对微波辐射计进行了亮度温度定标,初步分析了定标误差,所获得的微波辐射图像和数据具有较大的使用价值。1980~1984年,研制成功脉冲噪声注入零平衡Dicke型方案、微机控制天线扫描和图像显示的机载8 mm成像微波辐射计。1980~1985年（“六五”）期间微波遥感室还开展了地下成像雷达的研究。经过几年的努力,研制出SI²R型地下成像雷达样机,主要技术指标达到国外同类产品水平。
1983年起,东北地理所微波室进行机载海洋雷达高度计研究,成功完成了海洋雷达高度计新型工作模式的“全去斜坡”原理试验;1987年,研制成功机载13 mm双参考温度小环反馈自动增益补偿扫描成像微波辐射计,并研制成功机载21 mm、机载5 cm微波辐射计;1991年承担了国家“863”高技术项目“高空分辨率、高灵敏度微波辐射计研究”;提出了“数字自动补偿微波辐射计”方案;1993年微波研究室参加了“多模态微波遥感器”方案设计,1994年开始承担其中辐射模态的研制。1996年为“风云三号”气象卫星研制了双频段四通道微波辐射接收机模样机;1997年,为了更好地开展微波遥感基础研制,采用新的方案研制出陆基便携式X波段微波散射测量仪;1998年3月,研制出X波段陆基微波辐射/散射测量仪样机,可实现地物目标微波辐射和散射测量。
东北地理所还成功研制中国首台星载多频段微波辐射计,搭载于“神舟四号”。其中,“数字增益自动补偿”技术、差分式温度补偿平方律检波技术、脉冲调制等效噪声技术属于东北地理所专利。2000年承担“神舟四号”飞船多模态微波遥感器辐射测量模态（RAD）地面海洋同步试验的多频段微波辐射计(SST-MRAD)的研制任务。
3.2.1 微波遥感理论基础研究
2006~2008年,东北地理所科研人员系统研究了赤潮水体的微波介电特性,并建立其与海水的理、化及生物因子之间的相关机制。研究了赤潮藻类细胞质和细胞膜的物理特性,并利用相关的物理化学及生物学等知识,还可能为研究赤潮藻的生命物质条件、赤潮藻与环境的关系、金属、重金属富集等提供相关的重要信息。依据中国东北地区的土壤盐碱化特性,设计了含3种盐类（NaCl、Na2SO4和NaHCO3）的复介电常数的测量实验,利用L波段微波谐振腔技术测量以上3种盐类土壤在不同含水量、含盐量条件下的复介电常数,建立了土壤介电常数实部和虚部与土壤含盐种类的关系,探讨NaCl、Na2SO4和NaHCO3这3种盐类土壤的介电特性,从而为建立不同盐类土壤介电常数模型提供实验基础。
3.2.2 微波遥感模型研究
东北地理所系统开展了东北地区积雪参数被动微波遥感反演,阐明了： 雪深反演算法的三维时空分析弥补了之前研究的单一时间节点评价的不足,从时间分析上确定了由于积雪物理性质演变,特别是雪粒径演变,带来的雪深反演的误差;同时,空间分析上确定了雪深反演精度的主要影响因素是地物类型的变化,尤其是森林区雪深反演精度亟待进一步提高[9]。根据东北地区积雪特性,改进了现有模型中用于描述积雪体散射的消光系数,将雪粒径演化模型集成到HUT模型中,构建了本地化的LHUT模型[9]。此外,在土壤水分被动微波遥感反演算法验证与研发方面取得重要进展,主要体现在2个方面：① 利用吉林省德惠、农安地区的土壤水分观测网络验证了SMAP被动微波土壤水分产品,并分析了SMAP任务在有效温度参数化过程的不确定性。进一步分析发现有效温度（PM）在裸土或者低矮植被阶段和植被覆盖阶段的不确定性影响了SMAP土壤水分反演结果,校正有效温度(PM)后反演的土壤水分精度明显提高[10]。② 利用自制的L波段微波辐射计对农田从裸土到植被、再到裸土的过程微波辐射亮温进行观测[11]。
40 a来,东北地理所遥感研究队伍根据东北地区资源禀赋（辐射东北亚资源环境）、环境特点,结合研究所的学科特色,开展了具有明显特色的遥感应用研究,取得一批重要研究成果,主要体现在如下几个方面。
东北地理所在早期利用遥感技术,结合专业特长,开展了多种资源的遥感调查研究①(① 《长春地理所四十年》编写组.长春地理所四十年（1958~1998）,1998.),主要包括：遥感技术在沼泽及荒地资源考察中的应用研究;新疆博斯腾湖芦苇资源遥感调查;三江平原地区芦苇资源面积、储量、生态条件与增产措施研究;辽河三角洲中南部芦苇资源遥感调查;黑龙江砂金遥感调查;应用遥感技术调查吉林省西部古河道及探讨古河道地区综合开发对策。通过开展各种资源的遥感研究,东北地理所编制出三江平原1∶50万解译图,取得了相关研究区的芦苇资源、砂金资源数据,首次发现了大安古河道,并提出了引嫩江水开发古河道区的新构想,为研究区芦苇、沼泽及矿产等资源的开发利用提供了科学依据。
近40 a来,东北地理所在土地利用/土地覆盖遥感应用研究方面做了大量工作,取得一大批研究成果[12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19]。自1979年以来,开展对长春净月潭、三江平原土地利用现状遥感分析,专题解译图与影像图的编制,土地资源及利用动态研究。20世纪90年代以来,开展东北地区土地利用/土地覆盖多期遥感研究工作。自2006年以来,开展俄罗斯、蒙古等东北亚土地利用/土地覆盖遥感研究[20]。具体主要包括： 三江平原区域农业自然资源遥感复查及其综合治理若干建议、 东北地区资源环境遥感宏观调查与遥感技术前沿研究、东北地区土地利用动态监测与本底数据库更新、东北地区农业土地资源遥感调查、东北地区土地利用时空数据库与区域动态分析、东北地区100年LUCC的数字重建课题、东北地区1∶100万数字地貌信息系统集成、全国土地覆盖遥感制图东北区域专题、中国北方及其毗邻地区土地利用/覆盖变化科学考察课题、俄罗斯西伯利亚LUCC数据生成、验证及LUCC驱动力机制分析、中蒙俄国际经济走廊地理环境本底与格局考察课题。
东北地理所经过多年在土地利用/土地覆盖遥感应用方面的研究,为研究中国土地资源环境的动态变化提供了可靠的依据;重建了过去30 a西伯利亚地区LUCC数据集,形成了中蒙俄经济走廊全区域、“五带六区”和重点城市（国际口岸区）3个尺度的土地利用/覆盖等自然地理环境要素数据集,为开展中国北方毗邻地区相关研究提供了数据基础。
开展三江平原地区1981年洪涝水情遥感调查,在国内首次成功地解译了三江平原1981年洪涝灾害范围,为今后洪涝调查开辟了新途径,对水利规划、防汛抢险等具有重要的实用价值。开展东北区农业自然条件应用模式与效果TM图像研究,取得了一些行之有效的适合本地区的遥感应用模式,具有重要实用价值和广泛应用前景。进行“三北”防护林综合遥感调查,开展了“公共实验区(河北省平泉县)遥感综合调查”;开展了东北平原农田林网区遥感综合调查研究,东北地理所负责子课题“吉林省农安县(典型县)土地资源利用遥感调査与评价”;参加了东北平原农田林网区遥感调査,取得科学数据和系列图件[21]。
承担“松辽平原玉米遥感估产”,建立了玉米遥感估产的试运行系统,课题为吉林省政府及相关部门提供中西部地区玉米种植面积、单位产量与总产量数据。“东北地区资源环境遥感信息系统与农情综合速报”课题建成了东北地区农作物遥感估产与农情监测业务运行系统。利用“松辽平原玉米遥感估产”等课题的研究成果,对1997年吉林省中西部地区农作物干旱灾害进行遥感监测,并对玉米受灾面积与产量损失情况进行了估计,成果受到国务院的高度肯定[23],1998年向相关部门提供嫩江流域洪灾期间受灾县份的作物受灾面积与产量损失数据,得到了国务院办公厅的通报表彰。“东北地区农情采样”,课题取得了东北地区作物种植成数地面采样与作物长势信息地面采集信息。“东北农作物遥感综合监测与粮食安全空间决策支持体系建设”课题构建了东北地区农业资源与农作物动态信息空间数据仓库,研制了东北地区现代农业空间统计综合技术体系与东北地区粮食安全空间决策支持技术体系等。东北地理所近期的农情遥感监测工作主要集中在大尺度农作物种植面积、种植结构、作物长势与产量估算等领域,相关研究具有定量化、地块尺度、与精准农业、农业信息化高度融合等特点。主要工作包括： 农情遥感监测与灾损评价技术、田块尺度农情遥感精细监测、土壤遥感研究、研发了农田减肥减药等田间精准管理技术、农业信息精准服务平台。东北地理所在农情与农业遥感应用研究方面,尤其是遥感估产方法、样地选取与采样方法方面形成一套先进的方法,为有关部门提供了可靠的研究数据,在中国东北地区农情与农业遥感监测中发挥着重要的作用,相关成果多次获得国家或省部级奖励。
1) “东北亚周边国家资源环境科学数据库建设”课题形成了东北亚周边国家多源、多时相、多尺度的资源环境数据库,提供东北亚周边国家资源环境数据产品,具备从海量数据中获取资源与环境要素信息的处理与分析能力[23,24,25,26]。
2) “生态遥感尺度理论与技术体系构建”课题组开展了生态信息遥感空间尺度效应理论、生态系统参量空间尺度转换方法、以及地面测量与遥感观测空间耦合技术等的研究工作;对于生态信息遥感空间尺度效应理论,揭示了在地物信息遥感提取空间尺度效应中,像元位置随机性与传感器PSF的存在,使遥感影像分类与光谱分解的空间尺度效应不但体现为系统误差形式,而且还具有随机误差形式,并构建了遥感分类空间尺度效应模型基本公式;研究了地表空间变化本征尺度探测方法,指出了局域方差与变异函数方法在探测地表本征尺度方面的适用范围;对于生态系统参量空间尺度转换方法,在湿地与旱地边界区域开展了地面立体测量与遥控飞艇低空测量的冷湿气象要素立体空间观测试验,得到了湿地与旱地边缘区域冷湿气象要素时空变化规律;结合GIS空间分析方法,研究了冷湿气象要素从斑块尺度向景观尺度的空间尺度转换方法,并用于土地利用格局变化对区域气候长期变动趋势的影响机制分析。
“东北地区固碳参量遥感监测” 课题建立了东北地区森林、草地、农田、湿地等重要生态系统样区尺度生态系统固碳参量的地面和精细遥感监测数据集。“东北地区土地覆盖遥感监测”课题,为评价东北地区生态环境10 a（2000~2010年）变化提供了精度可靠的遥感监测数据支撑。 “典型区综合评价及可持续发展关键问题诊断”开展了一系列生态系统重建、土地沙化与盐碱化遥感定量评估等研究工作。 “典型湿地生态系统对气候变化和人类活动的响应机制”专题,有效解决了“精确定量区分气候变化和人类活动对湿地植被影响相对作用”这一技术问题,研究成果对于支撑气候变化叠加高强度人类活动背景下的湿地变化及驱动机制研究提供了切实可行的技术手段[27,28,29,30,31,32]。
东北地理所在生态遥感及生态评估研究方面,先后承担了多项相关研究课题,解决了百年尺度上湿地数字重建等一些关键科学技术问题,取得了丰富的成果,为湿地生态系统保育与可持续利用研究提供了有力的数据支撑和决策依据。
东北地理所长期从事内陆水体光学及水色遥感研究,在内陆水体生物光学特性、水色参数遥感反演[叶绿素（Chl-a）、藻青蛋白（PC）、悬浮物、透明度（SDD）]与富营养化方面开展了系列研究。尤其在咸水湖泊光学特性方面取得了非常有特色的研究成果[33],填补了国内湖沼学中咸水湖泊光学领域研究的空白[34];在国际上率先研究了藻青蛋白的吸收特性,基于表观与固有光学特性之间的内在联系,构建了PC反演模型[35,36,37,38];以多源遥感信息实现了内陆浑浊水体水质参数的反演,为内陆水体水质监测与富营养化遥感监测提供了应用理论与方法支持。主要学术成绩体现在3个方面：
1） 揭示了水体中无机颗粒物与CDOM对Chl-a反演的影响机制,研发了Chl-a自适应遥感模型,验证了模型的时空可移植性,提升了浑浊水体Chl-a反演精度①[1]。同时,在揭示水体IOPs对AOPs作用机制的基础上,针对不同类型的水体进行模型构建,进一步提升了Chl-a模型的反演精度[33,37,39,40]。
2） 针对蓝绿藻指示性色素藻青蛋白（PC）吸收弱的特点,发展和完善了PC固有光学特性测定与解析方法,并基于其诊断波段与OACs的固有光学特性,构建了PC反演模型,为内陆水体蓝绿藻丰度遥感监测提供了方法;发展并完善了PC 吸收特性,完善了PC遥感反演算法,提升了模型的精度和可移植性[4,5]。通过自适应智能模型解决了PC辐亮度非线性问题,提升了模型反演精度;揭示了影响PC反演精度的主控因子,为模型的改进和精度提高指明方向。
3） 揭示了藻类吸收对悬浮颗粒物反演的影响及营养盐与OACs耦合关系的生物光学机理,构建了内陆水体营养盐遥感反演模型。发现了Chl-a强吸收导致Rrs 降低;并且发现了内陆水体营养盐与OACs（藻类、悬浮物、SDD）的空间耦合关系及其适用范围。
4） 通过对全国300多个湖库大样本数据研究表明：根据控制内陆水体漫衰减系数（Kd）的主导因子,可以把水体分为悬浮物、藻类、CDOM主导类型,其中CDOM控制类型又可以进一步划分为清澈水体与DOC主导的黑色水体[41]。根据不同水体类型构建的Kd 模型可以显著提升遥感反演精度,并最终通过MODIS与Landsat遥感数据实现了东北地区湖泊Kd 时序反演,发现湖泊水文、区域气候特征和富营养化是影响湖泊Kd 时序变化的主导因素[42,43]。
基于数据挖掘与人工智能的遥感分类方法。提出和发展了一系列遥感分类方法：将粗集理论引入多源遥感分类领域,提出了一种变精度模糊粗集（Variable Precision Rough Sets, VPRS）遥感分类方法,有效提高了复杂地物遥感分类精度;基于证据推理技术构建了一种线性模型,将地形数据与遥感影像有机结合,提高了遥感分类精度;发展了一种多参数支持向量机遥感分类器（Multi-parameter SVM, MP-SVM）,特别适合于湿地等复杂地物遥感分类。将蜂群智能算法应用于无监督遥感分类,提出了一种无监督蜂群智能分类器（Unsupervised Bee Colony Optimization, UBCO）,遥感分类能力显著优于传统K均值及基于遗传算法的无监督分类器;提出了一种无监督列维飞行粒子群分类器,应用列维飞行过程优化粒子群寻优过程,提高了智能算法处理及分类复杂遥感数据能力;提出了一种结合深度卷积神经网（CNN）与多层感知器（MLP）的复合遥感分类器,显著提高了极高分辨率遥感影像土地利用分类精度。
东北地理所将在承担国内外重要科技项目的同时,注重成果研发、实现科技成果转化,建立产-研-用一体化的遥感信息链,不断为东北地区,特别是吉林省资源、环境、生态文明建设和生态经济与生态富民提供技术支撑。重点研究领域包括：
主要任务是：建立东北地区遥感定位观测网络,开发地基、低空遥感、航空遥感遥感信息获取技术;不同遥感平台获取的遥感信息的辐射校正技术、几何纠正技术、大气纠正技术等,为遥感信息的进一步分析、加工与处理提供支撑。
进行森林、草原、湿地、城市等生态系统格局动态遥感监测;建立生态系统质量和生态系统服务遥感监测与评估的指标体系与技术方法;生产东北地区主要生态系统格局、质量和服务的数字化产品,进行动态监测与定期更新。
针对重要水源地、大型湖库、松花江与黑龙江等重要断面水质参数的遥感诊断技术、水质参数的遥感反演技术、富营养化遥感评价技术进行研发,定期形成水质参数与评价结果的数字产品并进行发布,为政府与行业部门提供技术服务。
重点研发农作物长势、水分利用效率、作物光合利用效率和农业灾害遥感监测与评估技术,开发区域农作物遥感估产技术;进行农田土壤质量定量遥感诊断与反演技术研发。建立基于遥感等空间信息技术+互联网+大数据的农业信息精准服务以及基于互联网+空间分析的政府管理部门农业信息精准服务的平台,为农民、企业、各级政府管理部门提供个性化的农业信息精准服务。
重点集成光学遥感、微波遥感与激光雷达技术进行大气组分定量反演技术的研发,尤其关注PM 2.5和PM10的多源遥感信息反演技术的研发与大气组分的遥感估算,基于影像反演技术实现区域尤其大型城市气溶胶厚度、可吸入型大气颗粒物的遥感快速评估,定期向公众发布空气质量评估结果。同时注重秸秆燃烧量的遥感分析与反演技术研发,结合农业、工业、交通排放清单,为区域大气环境改善提供决策依据。
开展东北地区国家重点生态功能区、自然保护区、生态屏障区、重点开发区、城市化重点区生态环境变化遥感监测与评估应用;开展东北地区重大生态保护与环境修复工程成效遥感监测与评估应用;建立东北区域环境突发事件遥感监测预警与应急响应系统;为生态文明建设、生态红线划定、环境管理提供系统、及时、可靠的科学依据。同时特别注重大数据分析技术的应用,集成多源遥感数据、开展有针对性的生态评估与风险评价,为国家和地方的生态环境文明建设提供决策依据。
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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辽河下游CDOM 吸收与荧光特性的季节变化研究 [J].Variation in the absorption and fluorescence characteristics of CDOM in downstream of Liaohe River . |
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东北多年冻土区植被 NDVI 变化及其对气候变化和土地覆被变化的响应 [J].
利用1982～2006年的NOAA AVHRR-GIMMS和MODIS 2种数据集的归一化植被指数（NDVI）数据对东北多年冻土区植被NDVI年际动态和空间差异进行分析,并结合气象数据和土地利用/覆被数据分析了植被 NDVI对气候变化和土地利用/覆被变化的响应.研究表明,东北多年冻土区植被NDVI值较高,且空间差异明显;森林为该区主要植被类型,NDVI值较 高,主要分布于大小兴安岭和伊春地区;草地集中分布于西南部,NDVI值相对较低.东北多年冻土区过去25a间植被生长的变化趋势为：伴随着气温的显著升 高和降水量减少,植被NDVI显著下降.较气温而言,降水量是影响植被NDVI的主要因子（r=0.77,P〈0.01）.在气候变化和人类活动的双重作 用下,东北多年冻土区植被NDVI在1982～2006年间表现为4个阶段：1982～1990年,植被NDVI虽有小幅波动,但整体上呈持续增加的趋 势;1990～1993年,植被NDVI呈迅速下降趋势;1993～1997年,植被NDVI呈现回升态势,表现出缓慢上升的趋势;1998～2006 年,植被NDVI呈现总体下降趋势.不同植被类型表现出不同的NDVI年际变化规律,尤以草地NDVI值波动最大.植被NDVI变化空间异质性显著.气候 变化和多年冻土退化影响了东北多年冻土区植被NDVI动态.年均气温升高和年降水量降低影响了植被的生长.从像元尺度来看,研究区植被NDVI与气温和降 水均具有较显著的相关性.研究区土地利用/覆被变化的分析结果表明,不同的土地利用类型间的转变对植被NDVI的大小和空间分布产生了重要影响。
The vegetation NDVI variation and its responses to climate change and LUCC from 1982 to 2006 year in northeast permafrost region .
利用1982～2006年的NOAA AVHRR-GIMMS和MODIS 2种数据集的归一化植被指数（NDVI）数据对东北多年冻土区植被NDVI年际动态和空间差异进行分析,并结合气象数据和土地利用/覆被数据分析了植被 NDVI对气候变化和土地利用/覆被变化的响应.研究表明,东北多年冻土区植被NDVI值较高,且空间差异明显;森林为该区主要植被类型,NDVI值较 高,主要分布于大小兴安岭和伊春地区;草地集中分布于西南部,NDVI值相对较低.东北多年冻土区过去25a间植被生长的变化趋势为：伴随着气温的显著升 高和降水量减少,植被NDVI显著下降.较气温而言,降水量是影响植被NDVI的主要因子（r=0.77,P〈0.01）.在气候变化和人类活动的双重作 用下,东北多年冻土区植被NDVI在1982～2006年间表现为4个阶段：1982～1990年,植被NDVI虽有小幅波动,但整体上呈持续增加的趋 势;1990～1993年,植被NDVI呈迅速下降趋势;1993～1997年,植被NDVI呈现回升态势,表现出缓慢上升的趋势;1998～2006 年,植被NDVI呈现总体下降趋势.不同植被类型表现出不同的NDVI年际变化规律,尤以草地NDVI值波动最大.植被NDVI变化空间异质性显著.气候 变化和多年冻土退化影响了东北多年冻土区植被NDVI动态.年均气温升高和年降水量降低影响了植被的生长.从像元尺度来看,研究区植被NDVI与气温和降 水均具有较显著的相关性.研究区土地利用/覆被变化的分析结果表明,不同的土地利用类型间的转变对植被NDVI的大小和空间分布产生了重要影响。
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| [4] |
松嫩平原不同地表覆盖蒸散特征的遥感研究 [J].https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.09.039 URL [本文引用: 2] 摘要
为了准确估算松嫩平原不同地表覆盖的蒸散量,以MODIS产品及实测气象资料为数据源,通过SEBAL模型估算了松嫩平原2008年生长季（5-9月）的蒸散量,并利用涡动相关数据验证估算结果,发现估算值与实测值的变化趋势相吻合,整个生长季蒸散量的相对误差为18.26%,基本可以满足区域蒸散研究需求。通过探讨松嫩平原蒸散量的时空格局,发现2008年生长季蒸散量为183～1003mm,具有从西南部向东部、东北部逐渐增加的变化趋势,水体、林地、湿地的平均蒸散量最高,耕地、居工地次之,草地最低。最后,将蒸散量与降水量进行对比,分析了2008年生长季水分亏缺状态,发现松嫩平原平均水分亏缺量为195.96mm,97%以上区域的蒸散量大于降水量,蒸散过程中很大程度上还需依靠地下水、径流来弥补降水量不足,生长季蒸散强烈,而降水量相对不足,对松嫩平原生态环境的稳定发展造成了重大影响及压力。
Analysis of evapotranspiration characteristics for different land cover types over Songnen Plain based on remote sensing .https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1002-6819.2010.09.039 URL [本文引用: 2] 摘要
为了准确估算松嫩平原不同地表覆盖的蒸散量,以MODIS产品及实测气象资料为数据源,通过SEBAL模型估算了松嫩平原2008年生长季（5-9月）的蒸散量,并利用涡动相关数据验证估算结果,发现估算值与实测值的变化趋势相吻合,整个生长季蒸散量的相对误差为18.26%,基本可以满足区域蒸散研究需求。通过探讨松嫩平原蒸散量的时空格局,发现2008年生长季蒸散量为183～1003mm,具有从西南部向东部、东北部逐渐增加的变化趋势,水体、林地、湿地的平均蒸散量最高,耕地、居工地次之,草地最低。最后,将蒸散量与降水量进行对比,分析了2008年生长季水分亏缺状态,发现松嫩平原平均水分亏缺量为195.96mm,97%以上区域的蒸散量大于降水量,蒸散过程中很大程度上还需依靠地下水、径流来弥补降水量不足,生长季蒸散强烈,而降水量相对不足,对松嫩平原生态环境的稳定发展造成了重大影响及压力。
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三江平原土地利用/覆被变化对区域植被碳储量的影响 [J].https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1008-8873.2010.03.003 URL [本文引用: 2] 摘要
km forest, 5.73×10km grassland and 2.59×10km marsh have transferred to farmland. Land use and cover changes led to steady decline of carbon storage in vegetation and the total loss of vegetation carbon storage from 1954 to 2005 is 57.48Tg The transformation of forest, marsh and grassland into farmland or the transformation of forest into grassland and marsh led to reduction of 97.06Tg carbon storage in vegetation. The transform of farmland to forest, marsh and grassland and the transform of grassland and marsh to forest led to the increase of 39.58Tg carbon storage in vegetation.
Impact of land use and land cover change on the vegetation carbon storage in Sanjiang Plain .https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1008-8873.2010.03.003 URL [本文引用: 2] 摘要
km forest, 5.73×10km grassland and 2.59×10km marsh have transferred to farmland. Land use and cover changes led to steady decline of carbon storage in vegetation and the total loss of vegetation carbon storage from 1954 to 2005 is 57.48Tg The transformation of forest, marsh and grassland into farmland or the transformation of forest into grassland and marsh led to reduction of 97.06Tg carbon storage in vegetation. The transform of farmland to forest, marsh and grassland and the transform of grassland and marsh to forest led to the increase of 39.58Tg carbon storage in vegetation.
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| [6] |
Remote estimation of chlorophyll-a in turbid inland waters: Three-band model versus GA-PLS model [J].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.05.017 URL [本文引用: 1] 摘要
61We estimate Chl-a through hybrid and three-band models using in situ spectral data.61GA-PLS outperforms three-band model (TBM) for Chl-a estimates.61GA-PLS performs stable with both narrow-band and simulated spectra.61Inorganic suspended matter exerts a significantly effect on Chl-a estimates.61Both GA-PLS and TBM show promising potentials for Chl-a mapping.
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Shrinkage and fragmentation of marshes in the West Songnen Plain, China, from 1954 to 2008 and its possible causes [J].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2008.10.009 URL [本文引用: 1] 摘要
In the past century, especially the past five decades, the grasslands of the West Songnen Plain, Northeast China, were rapidly converted into croplands and salinized wasteland, and experienced a fragmentation process that is still ongoing. Almost no information is available on the spatial-temporal changes of grasslands in this area. In this study, grassland cover change, agricultural reclamation and salinized wasteland expansion were investigated during the past five decades. Grassland fragmentation was studied based on four landscape metrics. The grassland cover change was detected from a time series of topographic maps from 1954, satellite images of Landsat TM in 1986, 1995, and 2000 using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). In addition, the land use changes were analyzed using a transition matrix of land use types, while the driving forces were explored according to climatic changes and socioeconomic developments. The results indicated a significant decrease in grassland area. Of the 1 418 945 ha of native grassland in 1954, approximately 64% was removed by 2000, while the number of patches (NP) increased from 865 to 2035 and the mean patch size (MPS) decreased from 1640 ha to 252 ha. During the whole study period, the average annual decrease rate of grassland was 34 894 ha/year. Cropland and salinized wasteland were the two main land use types into which grassland converted. During the past decades, obvious climatic changes occurred, which supplied a favorable potential environment for agricultural development but damaged grassland productivity. On the other hand, population, GDP and livestock number increased significantly as grassland quality decreased. According to the results, the shrinkage and fragmentation of grasslands may well be explained by socioeconomic development and aided by changing climatic conditions.
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Spatiotemporal analysis of snow depth inversion based on the FengYun-3B MicroWave Radiation Imager: a case study in Heilongjiang Province, China ,https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JRS.8.084692 URL [本文引用: 2] |
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像元尺度土壤水分监测网络及其对L波段土壤水分产品的初步验证结果 [J].Pixel-scalesoil moisture monitoring network and its preliminary validation of L-band soil moisture products . |
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The spatiotemporal patterns of surface soil moisture in Northeast China based on remote sensing products, https://doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2016.106 URL [本文引用: 1] |
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松嫩平原西部农牧交错区土地利用变化及驱动力分析——以吉林省通榆县为例 [J].
选取吉林省通榆县为研究区,以1986年-2006年4期遥感影像为基础数据源,在GIS技术支持下,分析近20年来农牧交错区土地利用变化的时空动态特征,结合气象、人口等多源数据资料解析县域土地利用变化的自然和人文驱动力。结果表明：耕地、草地和盐碱地是通榆县土地利用的主要类型,近20年来,耕地面积增加了近53%,草地面积则减少了1165km^2,耕地与草地的相互转化是研究区内土地利用变化的主要过程;区域土地利用变化的速度是明显减缓的;耕地以向周围区域扩展的方式不断增加,分布于中部和南部、西北部的草地则连片消失;气候、土壤、植被和水文地质等自然环境条件是区域土地利用格局形成的基础,人口增长、土地利用政策和不合理的开发活动等人为因素则是影响和控制区域土地利用变化方向的主导驱动力。
Analysis of land use change and its driving forces in the farming — pastoral ecotone of western Songnen Plain: a case study of Tongyu County, Jilin Province .
选取吉林省通榆县为研究区,以1986年-2006年4期遥感影像为基础数据源,在GIS技术支持下,分析近20年来农牧交错区土地利用变化的时空动态特征,结合气象、人口等多源数据资料解析县域土地利用变化的自然和人文驱动力。结果表明：耕地、草地和盐碱地是通榆县土地利用的主要类型,近20年来,耕地面积增加了近53%,草地面积则减少了1165km^2,耕地与草地的相互转化是研究区内土地利用变化的主要过程;区域土地利用变化的速度是明显减缓的;耕地以向周围区域扩展的方式不断增加,分布于中部和南部、西北部的草地则连片消失;气候、土壤、植被和水文地质等自然环境条件是区域土地利用格局形成的基础,人口增长、土地利用政策和不合理的开发活动等人为因素则是影响和控制区域土地利用变化方向的主导驱动力。
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| [13] |
基于GIS的三江平原退耕还湿空间决策分析 [J].Spatial decision analysis on returning farmland to wetland based on GIS in the Sanjiang Plain . |
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1954-2005 年三江平原沼泽湿地农田化过程研究 [J].Process of land conversion from marsh in to crop land in the Sanjiang Plain during 1954 -2005 . |
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1954 年以来三江平原土地利用变化及驱动力 [J].Land use change in Sanjiang Plain and its driving forces analysis since 1954 . |
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近50年来三江平原土壤侵蚀动态分析 [J].Dynamics of hillslope soil erosion in the Sanjiang Plain in the past 50 years . |
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MODIS和GLOBCOVER全球土地覆盖数据集对比分析——以黑龙江流域为例 [J].https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1047.2012.00240 URL [本文引用: 1] 摘要
As global change is becoming serious, the global land cover data sets which the global change research needs have become more and more important. The current global land cover data products mainly include five products which are produced by European and U.S. The global land cover data sets produced by Boston University (i.e. MODIS data sets) and by European Space Agency with global cooperation (i.e. Globcover data sets), which are somehow better and more effective than the others, are used more and more widely. Because of the difference of data sources, classification systems and classification methods, there are significant differences between two land cover data sets both in quantity and spatial distribution. In this study, as a products' user, we compared the MODIS and Globcover data sets in Heilongjiang Basin on the quantity and spatial distribution, using LANDSAT TM / ETM + images and field photos to verify the accuracy of the classification of two data sets. The results show that, in Heilongjiang Basin, there are great differences in the quantity and spatial distribution between the two data sets. As to the quantity, the main land cover types (forest and cropland, followed by grassland) in both data sets are similar. When it comes to the spatial distribution, they are of great difference. The two data sets are both of low precision, with a precision of only 60%. The Globcover data sets is more clustering than MODIS data sets, and the overall accuracy is slightly lower than MODIS data sets, while the accuracy of different land cover types is different. Taking into account the representation of Heilongjiang Basin, we believe that Globcover data sets and MODIS data sets are able to meet lower demand for land cover information. This study provides a basis for global change research in selecting the appropriate data sets.
A comparative analysis of the MODIS land cover data sets and globcover land cover data sets in Heilongjiang Basin .https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1047.2012.00240 URL [本文引用: 1] 摘要
As global change is becoming serious, the global land cover data sets which the global change research needs have become more and more important. The current global land cover data products mainly include five products which are produced by European and U.S. The global land cover data sets produced by Boston University (i.e. MODIS data sets) and by European Space Agency with global cooperation (i.e. Globcover data sets), which are somehow better and more effective than the others, are used more and more widely. Because of the difference of data sources, classification systems and classification methods, there are significant differences between two land cover data sets both in quantity and spatial distribution. In this study, as a products' user, we compared the MODIS and Globcover data sets in Heilongjiang Basin on the quantity and spatial distribution, using LANDSAT TM / ETM + images and field photos to verify the accuracy of the classification of two data sets. The results show that, in Heilongjiang Basin, there are great differences in the quantity and spatial distribution between the two data sets. As to the quantity, the main land cover types (forest and cropland, followed by grassland) in both data sets are similar. When it comes to the spatial distribution, they are of great difference. The two data sets are both of low precision, with a precision of only 60%. The Globcover data sets is more clustering than MODIS data sets, and the overall accuracy is slightly lower than MODIS data sets, while the accuracy of different land cover types is different. Taking into account the representation of Heilongjiang Basin, we believe that Globcover data sets and MODIS data sets are able to meet lower demand for land cover information. This study provides a basis for global change research in selecting the appropriate data sets.
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| [18] |
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近50年来松嫩平原西部土地利用变化及驱动力分析 [J].Dynamic change of land-use patterns in west part of Songnen Plain . |
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| [21] |
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2000~ 2005 年三江平原土地利用/覆被变化对植被净初级生产力的影响研究 [J].Effects of land use/cover change on net primary productivity of Sanjiang Plain, during 2000-2005 . |
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Quantifying changes in multiple ecosystem services during 1992-2012 in the Sanjiang Plain of China [J].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.01.007 URL [本文引用: 1] |
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Integrating AVHRR and MODIS data to monitor NDVI changes and their relationships with climatic parameters in Northeast China [J].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2011.10.007 URL [本文引用: 1] |
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A greener future for China’s cities [J].https://doi.org/10.1126/science.327.5970.1199-a URL PMID: 20203032 [本文引用: 1] 摘要
中国科学院机构知识库(中国科学院机构知识库网格（CAS IR GRID）)以发展机构知识能力和知识管理能力为目标，快速实现对本机构知识资产的收集、长期保存、合理传播利用，积极建设对知识内容进行捕获、转化、传播、利用和审计的能力，逐步建设包括知识内容分析、关系分析和能力审计在内的知识服务能力，开展综合知识管理。
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China’s wetlands loss to urban expansion [J]. |
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Conversions between natural wetlands and farmland in China: a multiscale geospatial analysis [J].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.009 URL [本文引用: 1] 摘要
Agricultural activity is widely recognized as a leading driver of natural wetland loss in many parts of the world. However, little is known about the spatiotemporal patterns of conversion between natural wetlands and farmland in China. This information deficiency has limited decision-making for the sustainable management of natural wetland ecosystems. In this study, we explicitly quantified bidirectional natural wetland-farmland conversions during the periods of 1990–2000 and 2000–2010 at multiple spatiotemporal scales. Our results revealed that about 60% (15,76502km 2 ) of China's lost natural wetlands were due to agricultural encroachment for grain production, 74.7% (11,77802km 2 ) of which occurred from 1990 to 2000. Natural wetland conversion to farmland was highest in Northeast China (13,46702km 2 or 85.4%), whereas the natural wetlands in Northwest China demand extra attention because of a notable increase of agricultural encroachment. Natural wetlands in the humid zone experienced tremendous agricultural encroachment, leading to a loss of 10,64902km 2 , accounting for 67.5% of the total agriculture-induced natural wetland loss in China. On the other hand, a total of 136902km 2 of natural wetlands were restored from farmland, with 66.3% of this restoration occurring between 2000 and 2010, primarily in Northeast China and the humid zone. Although a series of national policies and population pressure resulted in agricultural encroachment into natural wetlands, there are also policies and management measures protecting and restoring natural wetlands in China. The spatial differences in natural wetland-farmland conversions among different geographic regions and climatic zones suggest that China must develop place-based sustainable management policies and plans for natural wetlands. This study provides important scientific information necessary for developing such policies and implementation plans.
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| [29] |
Quantitative assessment of human-induced impacts on marshes in Northeast China from 2000 to 2011 [J].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.03.010 URL [本文引用: 1] 摘要
Distinguishing the relative role of human activities from climatic changes in terms of their impact on wetlands is vital for understanding the consequences of global change and implementing sustainable management strategies for these important ecosystems. As the major type of wetland in Northeast China, marshes offer crucial ecosystem functions and services. This study attempts to analyze the impact of human activities on marshes as well as the spatiotemporal difference of this impact among 10 national nature reserves in Northeast China. These aims are accomplished by examining a relative impact contribution index (RICI) based on the Carnegie Ames Stanford Approach (CASA)-derived potential net primary productivity (PNPP) and actual net primary productivity (ANPP). The results demonstrate that the PNPP and ANPP in the study area had obvious spatial heterogeneity and decreasing trends from 2000 to 2011. The results also reveal that human activities induced productivity loss by a mean value of 10.14% relative to PNPP, 84gCm 2yr 1. A decreased RICI in Northeast China from 2000 to 2011 indicates reduced human disturbance. A comparison among 10 national nature reserves suggests that the Honghe nature reserve, which had the smallest RICI (6.97%) and change slope value, was subjected to the smallest anthropogenic influences, while the Dalaihu nature reserve experienced the largest human disturbance, with a RICI value of 57.60%. Based on the negative RICI value for all of the nature reserves and the increasing RICI trends for five of the reserves, we conclude that there is a need for more wise management measures to improve marsh protection.
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Landsat-based estimation of mangrove forest loss and restoration in Guangxi Province, China, influenced by human and natural factors [J].https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2014.2333527 URL [本文引用: 1] |
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Mapping China’s mangroves based on an object-oriented classification of Landsat imagery [J].https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-013-0449-2 URL [本文引用: 1] |
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China’s wetlands: conservation plans and policy impacts [J].https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-012-0280-7 URL PMID: 3472011 [本文引用: 1] 摘要
Introduction Since the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in 1971, wetland conservation (maintenance and sustainable use) and restoration (recovery of degraded natural wetlands) have been high priorities for many countries. China has the world’s fourth largest wetland area, which exceeds the whole territory of Great Britain. While the Chinese government has increasingly recognized the importance of wetland protection, particularly after joining the Ramsar Convention in 1992, natural wetlands in China have suffered great loss and degradation. To address this problem, China has implemented the National Wetland Conservation Program (NWCP)—one of the largest of its kind in the world—with ambitious goals, massive investments, and potentially enormous impacts. Furthermore, NWCP has global implications because it aims to rehabilitate habitats for water birds of international importance, enhance carbon sequestration, conserve soil and water, and protect important headwaters of international rivers a ...
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| [33] |
Remote estimation of chlorophyll-a in turbid inland waters: Three-band model versus GA-PLS model [J].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2013.05.017 URL [本文引用: 2] 摘要
61We estimate Chl-a through hybrid and three-band models using in situ spectral data.61GA-PLS outperforms three-band model (TBM) for Chl-a estimates.61GA-PLS performs stable with both narrow-band and simulated spectra.61Inorganic suspended matter exerts a significantly effect on Chl-a estimates.61Both GA-PLS and TBM show promising potentials for Chl-a mapping.
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Remote quantification of phycocyanin in potable water sources through an adaptive model [J].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2014.06.008 URL [本文引用: 1] 摘要
Cyanobacterial blooms in water supply sources in both central Indiana USA (CIN) and South Australia (SA) are a cause of great concerns for toxin production and water quality deterioration. Remote sensing provides an effective approach for quick assessment of cyanobacteria through quantification of phycocyanin (PC) concentration. In total, 363 samples spanning a large variation of optically active constituents (OACs) in CIN and SA waters were collected during 24 field surveys. Concurrently, remote sensing reflectance spectra (Rrs) were measured. A partial least squares–artificial neural network (PLS–ANN) model, artificial neural network (ANN) and three-band model (TBM) were developed or tuned by relating the Rrs with PC concentration. Our results indicate that the PLS–ANN model outperformed the ANN and TBM with both the original spectra and simulated ESA/Sentinel-3/Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) and EO-1/Hyperion spectra. The PLS–ANN model resulted in a high coefficient of determination (R2) for CIN dataset (R2=0.92, R: 0.3–220.7μg/L) and SA (R2=0.98, R: 0.2–13.2μg/L). In comparison, the TBM model yielded an R2=0.77 and 0.94 for the CIN and SA datasets, respectively; while the ANN obtained an intermediate modeling accuracy (CIN: R2=0.86; SA: R2=0.95). Applying the simulated OLCI and Hyperion aggregated datasets, the PLS–ANN model still achieved good performance (OLCI: R2=0.84; Hyperion: R2=0.90); the TBM also presented acceptable performance for PC estimations (OLCI: R2=0.65, Hyperion: R2=0.70). Based on the results, the PLS–ANN is an effective modeling approach for the quantification of PC in productive water supplies based on its effectiveness in solving the non-linearity of PC with other OACs. Furthermore, our investigation indicates that the ratio of inorganic suspended matter (ISM) to PC concentration has close relationship to modeling relative errors (CIN: R2=0.81; SA: R2=0.92), indicating that ISM concentration exert significant impact on PC estimation accuracy.
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Remote sensing of freshwater cyanobacteria: An extended IOP Inversion Model of Inland Waters (IIMIW) for partitioning absorption coefficient and estimating phycocyanin [J]. |
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Using partial least squares-Artificial neural network for inversion of inland water chlorophyll-a [J].https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2013.2251888 URL [本文引用: 2] |
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Evaluation of the Quasi-Analytical Algorithm (QAA) for estimating total absorption coefficient of Turbid Inland waters in Northeast China [J].https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2016.2549026 URL [本文引用: 1] |
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Hyperspectral retrieval of phycocyanin in potable water sources using genetic algorithm-partial least squares (GA-PLS) modeling [J].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2012.03.013 URL [本文引用: 1] |
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Remote estimation of phycocyanin (PC) for inland waters coupled with YSI PC fluorescence probe [J].https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1527-y URL PMID: 23397212 [本文引用: 1] 摘要
Nuisance cyanobacterial blooms degrade water resources through accelerated eutrophication, odor generation, and production of toxins that cause adverse effects on human health. Quick and effective methods for detecting cyanobacterial abundance in drinking water supplies are urgently needed to compliment conventional laboratory methods, which are costly and time consuming. Hyperspectral remote sensing can be an effective approach for rapid assessment of cyanobacterial blooms. Samples (n = 250) were collected from five drinking water sources in central Indiana (CIN), USA, and South Australia (SA), which experience nuisance cyanobacterial blooms. In situ hyperspectral data were used to develop models by relating spectral signal with handheld fluorescence probe (YSI 6600 XLM-SV) measured phycocyanin (PC in cell/ml), a proxy pigment unique for indicating the presence of cyanobacteria. Three-band model (TBM), which is effective for chlorophyll-a estimates, was tuned to quantify cyanobacteria coupled with the PC probe measured cyanobacteria. As a comparison, two band model proposed by Simis et al. (Limnol Oceanogr, 50(11): 237-245, 2005; denoted as SM05) was paralleled to evaluate TBM model performance. Our observation revealed a high correlation between measured and estimated PC for SA dataset (R (2) = 0.96; range: 534-20,200 cell/ml) and CIN dataset (R (2) = 0.88; range: 1,300-44,500 cell/ml). The potential of this modeling approach for imagery data were assessed by simulated ESA/Centinel3/OLCI spectra, which also resulted in satisfactory performance with the TBM for both SA dataset (RMSE % = 26.12) and CIN dataset (RMSE % = 34.49). Close relationship between probe-measured PC and laboratory measured cyanobacteria biovolume was observed (R (2) = 0.93, p < 0.0001) for the CIN dataset, indicating a stable performance for PC probe. Based on our observation, field spectroscopic measurement coupled with PC probe measurements can provide quantitative cyanobacterial bloom information from both relatively static and flowing inland waters. Hence, it has promising implications for water resource managers to obtain information for early warning detection of cyanobacterial blooms through the close association between probe measured PC values and cyanobacterial biovolume via remote sensing modeling.
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Influence of environmental factors on spectral characteristics of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in Inner Mongolia Plateau, China [J].https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-787-2016 URL [本文引用: 1] |
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Remote estimation of Kd (PAR) using MODIS and Landsat imagery for turbid inland waters in Northeast China [J].https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2016.11.010 URL [本文引用: 1] |
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Spatial distribution of diffuse attenuation of photosynthetic active radiation and its main regulating factors in inland waters of Northeast China [J]. |
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