地理科学 ›› 2000, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (2): 102-109.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2000.02.102

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

外商对华直接投资的产业与空间转移特征及其机制研究

李国平, 杨开忠   

  1. 北京大学城市与环境学系 北京100871
  • 收稿日期:1999-06-01 修回日期:1999-12-15 出版日期:2000-03-20 发布日期:2000-03-20
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重点项目(49831003);国家社会科学基金“九五”重大项目(97@JL003)的资助

A Study on the Mechanism and Character of the Industrial and Spatial Transference of FDI in China

LI Guo-ping, YANG Kai-zhong   

  1. Department of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100871 P. R. China
  • Received:1999-06-01 Revised:1999-12-15 Online:2000-03-20 Published:2000-03-20

摘要: 分析了外商对华直接投资资料与数据,并结合企业调查,揭示了改革开放以来外商对华直接投资的发展过程以及主要外资企业在中国的发展状况,研究了外商对华直接投资空间集中、时空推移、技术含量变化、产业结构高级化等特征及形成机制。基本结论为:第一,外商对华直接投资空间高度集中,但随时间推移,从沿海向内陆、从大城市向周围地区转移,集中程度减弱;第二,技术含量逐步上升,产业结构高级化趋势明显;第三,对华直接投资的区位选择主要受劳动等生产要素成本的影响,改革开放以来要素成本在不同区域之间的相对变化,是决定外商对华直接投资空间转移的主要因素之一;第四,随着我国收入水平提高以及技术与人力资本积累,以获取市场份额为中心的对华直接投资日益增加,出现了从沿海向内陆推移的趋势;第五,对华直接投资国家与地区的产业结构转换以及中国国内地区间产业与地域政策的变化也是影响外商对华直接投资的产业与空间转移的重要要素之一。

Abstract: In the last two decades, China has become one of the areas that have the greatest potential in industrial production, thus it has ranked second only to USA in the flow of international capital. By the end of 1998, the real value of FDI in China has utilized has added up to $268. 1 billion. The big flow of FDI has not only promoted the development of economy, but it has also worsened the existing regional difference by choosing spatial location. Under this circumstance, our economy faces new restrictions and opportunities while adjusting its regional structure and industrial structure. So it is more and more important for us how to seize the opportunity, to seek the regularity of FDI in choosing location from the aspect of space, to set up relevant strategy to direct FDI at inland regions (areas deficient of capital), and to make appropriate policies, esp. the industrial and regional policies so as for FDI to exert positive influence and avoid negative influence on China and its regional economy and society. Based on the latest domestic and overseas materials and datum of the FDI in China, combining with the investigation of the enterprises, this paper has systematically revealed the progress of development of the FDI in China and the developing conditions of the main enterprises directly invested by foreign capital since the reform and opening-up in China. The characters of FDI such as spatial concentration, transference as time goes by, change of the technical content and up-gradation of industrial structure and their forming mechanism have been studied. Then the basic conclusions have been made as follows. Firstly, FDI has been highly concentrated in space. But as time goes by, it has been transferring from coastal regions to inland ones, from big cities to their surrounding districts, and the degree of concentration is decreasing. Secondly, the technical content of the invested projects has gradually increased and the up-gradation of the industrial structure is obvious. Thirdly, the regional choice of the FDI in China is mainly affected by labor and other productive factors. The relative change of the cost of productive factors in different regions since the reform and opening-up is one of the main factors that have caused the spatial transference of the FDI in China. Fourthly, as people’s income increases and the accumulation of the capacity of the technique and labor advances, FDI whose aim is to get more market has increased and tended to transfer from coastal regions to inland ones. Fifth, the changes of the industrial structure of the main areas and countries who have directly invested in China and the changes of inter-regional industries and regional policies in China are also the important factors that affect the industries directly invested by foreign capital and their and their spatial transference.

中图分类号: 

  • F419.9