Abstract: From the development history of modern agriculture in the world, we can see that, before the middle age of the 20th century, the developed industrial countries must import foods, agricultural products from the undeveloped industrial countries to sustain themselves. But in the later stage of the 20th century, this condition has changed, the developed industrial countries often export a great deal of foods and agricultural products to the undeveloped industrial countries. In the middle age of the 20th century, since the arable land area of developed countries has not increased obviously, the main reason is technology, including the input of precision agriculture technology that developed stage by stage. It can continuously promote the productivity and utility rate of agriculture resources, explore the potential of agriculture, and decrease the cost, at the same time has reduced the environmental pollution caused by agricultural chemical materials. Thus it attained the synchronal increase of economic, social and ecological benefits and realized the sustainable development of agriculture. The precision farming is a method that introduces the accuracy of technology into the production of agriculture. Based on the difference of growing condition, production of crops and so on, it applies the technology of GIS, GPS and intelligent machine to manage the production information of agriculture and regulate or control the input to the farm, and get the proposal of increasing benefits, avoiding the waste of resources, reducing the pollution to the environment and so on. Nowadays, the developed countries have mainly realized the technology of precision farming and many developing countries have also evolved in the application studies and experimental demonstration. To be the main agriculture and most populated country in the world, in order to satisfy the need of economic development and the continually increase of the standard of peoples living conditions and to maintain the sustainable development of agriculture, China should start experimenting and demonstrating on the precision farming promptly, generalize the technology of precision farming step by step, find a way to develop the effective ecological agriculture, and try hard to catch up the tidal current of the revolution of new agriculture technology in the world.