Abstract: Before the 1600's, the northern piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains was an area dominated by animal husbandry, the paleo-oases opened up by the "station troops" were spottily distributed along the traffic routes and were frequently abandoned. During the period from the 1700's to the mid-1900's, except the reclamation of the "station troops", the major efforts were devoted by the "local people" to open up the wasteland, which made the social development here to enter the period of semi-farming and semi-grazing. The old oases formed during this period were intermittently distributed in a small area. After 1949, the old, decentralized and small-sized oases have been connected by the new oases through the large-scale land reclamation and cultivation, and the oasis group and belt paralleling the Tianshan Mountains have formed. The oases in this region are mainly developed by the immigrants from other provinces, and they are developed very rapidly. Moreover, there is a continuity from the paleo-oases to the old and new oases, which is quite different from the situation of many paleo-oases in Tarim Basin because they have evoluted as the deserts, gobi deserts, and wind-erosion lands.