Abstract: A Holocene soil profile at the Fenghao site of the West Zhou Dynasty to the west of Xi'an City was investigated multi-disciplinarily. The results including magnetic susceptibility, total Fe, TOC Rb and Sr in the soil provide information on the development of the brown soil and the accumulation of eolian dust under the conditions of the monsoonal climatic change. In the early stage of the Holocene, dust deposition was reduced because of the climatic warming, and the biological weathering was beginning. In the mid-stage of the Holocene, climate became warmer and wetter, so the speed of pedogenesis was faster than the dust deposition. The Holocene paleosoil (S₀) was formed. In late period of the Holocene, because the climate became dryer, the dust-fall happened frequently, and then the speed of the dust deposition was faster than the pedogenesis, so that the recent loess (L₀) was accumulated and covered the soil (S₀) and the S₀ became a buried paleosoil. The records of cultivation of the West Zhou Dynasty (3000-2720 a B.P.) was found at the turn from the mid to late Holocene. The change from soil formation to loess accumulation indicates environmental deterioration and soil degeneration. Therefore the cultivated layer is situated in the lower part of the recent loess(L₀) about 10cm above the paleosoil(S₀).