Abstract: It is sensible to take into account spatial organization and industrial distribution in industrial belt along Harbin-Dalian Railway. The study divides the industrial belt into three layers, the first and second layers are our main discussing areas, which is economic center of the Northeast China, the cities in this area have close connections. About 45% of the area, 73% of the population and 86% of GDP of three provinces (Liaoning, Jilin, and Heilongjiang are concentrated in the belt. In the belt, many cities have the same industries, the problems of resources and environment are serious, regional economic cooperation among cities is to be strengthened, and problems and difficulties in the old industrial area have not been dissolved thoroughly. The key industries in the belt are agriculture, farm products processing industry, automobile industry, machinery industry, petrochemical industry, high-tech industry and tertiary industry. We put forwards an industrial distribution space model of "One axis and one belt with three sub-regions". Along the Harbin-Dalian Railway, there are four industrial areas, the key industries in each area are different, and cities in each area are closely connected. In the whole area of the belt, cities and towns connect with each other by communication lines or fibers, and urban area and rural area develop together. Harbin, Changchun, Shenyang, Dalian are the center of four industrial areas, main communication lines or fibers stretch from Harbin to Dalian. The cities in this industrial belt should cooperate on constructing regional infrastructure, enhancing cooperation among enterprises, and carrying out sustainable development strategy. Cites in Harbin-Dalian industrial belt should cooperate with the cities around the Bohai Sea, it is significant to stimulate the cooperation between coastal areas and inland areas in Northeast China.