• 论文 •

### 长白山北坡苔原/岳桦景观边界的定量检测

1. 1. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 辽宁 沈阳 110016;
2. 中国科学院沈阳分院, 辽宁 沈阳 110016
• 收稿日期:2002-06-20 修回日期:2002-10-21 出版日期:2003-07-20 发布日期:2003-07-20
• 基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(批准号30000025)项目、中国科学院引进国外杰出人才项目"空间直观景观模型"和中国科学院知识创新工程项目(KZCX2-SW-320-3和SCXZD0101)资助.

### Quantitative Determination of Landscape Boundary between Mountain Birch and Tundra in the Northern Slope of Changbai Mountains

CHANG Yu1, BU Ren-Cang1, HU Yuan-Man1, XU Chong-Gang1

1. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, Liaoning 110016
• Received:2002-06-20 Revised:2002-10-21 Online:2003-07-20 Published:2003-07-20

Abstract: Landscape boundaries, or transitional zones among different landscapes, are also called ecotones. They are resulted from complex interactions among ecosystems, topography, and geomorphology. Landscape boundaries are inherent features of landscapes and play important roles in ecosystems dynamics. They control the flux of material between ecosystems and influence biodiversity. Characteristics of ecotones may be especially sensitive to environmental change. Studies have showed that high environmental heterogeneity and biodiversity are often found within these zones, and changes of their locations can be used as indicators of environmental change. However, landscape boundaries have often been ignored or reduced to lines on a map when ecologists studied homogeneous regions to characterize and understand ecosystem processes. Hence, to better study and understand the functional roles and dynamics of ecotones, quantitative methods to identify their location are needed. There are many methods to characterize and identify ecotones. Such as spatial clustering which considers the spatial relationships among sites, lattice-wombling, triangulation-wombling and categorical-wombling etc. In this study, we use GIS, RS and multivariate statistics techniques (PCA and Moving Split-windows Analysis (abbreviated as MSWA)) to analyze data from field transect inventory and Landsat TM satellite imageries, quantitatively determining the width and position of landscape boundary between tundra and mountain birch in northern slope of the Changbai Mountains. MSWA is a classical analysis method for one dimension value. First putting two windows on the even-interval samples (the number of samples among one of the windows equals to the other), and comparing the dissimilarity of the samples in the two half windows; then, moving the window backward by a sample until all the samples on the transect are used. There are a lot of methods to calculate the dissimilarity. Because the results got by SED (Square Euclidean Distance) was compatible with field observation, it is the most commonly used method. The formula is as follows: where n represents the midpoint of the two half-windows or the stop point of the window, a and b represent the two half-windows respectively, w denotes the width of the window, while m stands for the variable numbers of each sample plot. According to the graph plotted by SED as ordinate and the position of Sample Points along transect as abscissa in Cartesian coordinates, we can determine the condition of landscape boundary by the change of rate. Higher and narrower peaks denote abrupt landscape boundary, while lower and wider peaks denotes gradual landscape boundary. Our results show that the widths of the landscape boundary between mountain birch and tundra is 60 m or so. Such detected widths are consistent with field transect data that suggests a 50 m transitional zone width. Our results further suggest that TM data can be used in combination with GIS and statistical techniques in determining forest landscape boundaries; MSWA is more reliable than PCA, while PCA can also be used to determine the landscape boundary when transects are properly located.

• Q149