Abstract: It is important to make an analysis on the spatial pattern of the railway economy, which plays a crucial role in making development planning and guiding the industrial distribution. The main counties, within the 120 km areas along the Lanzhou-Chongqing railway, are taken as samples, based on 9 economic indexes, whose spatial differences are analyzed by using SPSS. This article uses the spatial analysis provided by GeoDa to reveal the spatial characteristics of economic differences along the radiation belts. The result shows that there are great disparities within different economic levels, a big gap exists between the numbers of developed areas and undeveloped areas, and the range value of the general score is high. A Geo-spatial agglomeration exists within the study area, which is the developed regions adjacent to the developed regions, and vice versa. Chongqing is the only one "hot-spot" region of the entire railway economic belt, which has a strong capacity to promote the economic development, and with the distance far from Chongqing, and the economic radiation capacity tens a systematic decline. Lanzhou, another endpoint city, has a weak radiation capacity. There are no node cities to guide the economic development within the study area, except for the endpoint metropolitan areas, so the regional spatial structure displays a model of economic nucleus-cluster. Based on the status of the spatial differentiation of the railway, we find main factors to impact the economic disparities and then several countermeasures and suggestions are put forward, including that node cities should be found in the radiation belt in order to build a point-axis spatial structure, and infrastructure improvement and regional cooperation are necessary to promote the economic development.