社区参与对旅游地居民社区归属感的中介效应━━以浙江安吉为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2012.03.329

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过文献分析,引入旅游感知﹑旅游获益两个变量,构建旅游地社区参与—社区归属感结构模型,探讨社区参与对社区归属感的中介效应与传导机制。以浙江安吉为例,运用极大似然法进行参数估计,研究发现：① 旅游感知和旅游获益是社区参与影响社区归属感的两个中介变量,都显著引起社区参与对社区归属感的部分中介效应。② 旅游感知和旅游获益单独作为中介变量介入社区参与对社区归属感的影响时,旅游获益所起的部分中介作用显著大于旅游感知;二者同时介入时,旅游感知所起的部分中介作用显著大于旅游获益,共同引致的部分中介作用达到最大。③ 社区参与对社区归属感的影响机制存在两条途径,一条是直接影响路径,另一条是以旅游感知、旅游获益为中介变量的间接影响路径,间接路径稍低于直接路径。④ 提高旅游感知不仅要重视提高旅游地居民文化程度,还要考虑旅游地发展阶段的现实情况;改善旅游获益应尽可能满足旅游地社区居民的经济发展需要。

关键词: 社区参与, 社区归属感, 结构方程模型, 中介效应, 安吉

Abstract:

While community is one of central research issues in the field of recreation geography, community involvement is essential premise of sustainable tourism development, and sense of community has been important for the existence and healthy development of tourism community. Properly understanding driving mechanism of community involvement influence on the sense of community is favorable to provide alternative measures in achieving the goal of residents' active support for tourism development in China. Using structural equation modeling (SEM) approach and introducing the two key variables of perceived tourism impacts and personal benefit from tourism, the article builds the conceptual model of community involvement-the sense of community (CI-SC), aiming at exploring the mediate effects of community involvement influence on the sense of community and their transmission mechanism. To test the conceptual model of CI-SC, an empirical survey was performed in several tourism destinations in Anji County in Zhejiang Province by use of stratified sample method. A total of 558 valid questionnaires were obtained. Employing AMOS 7.0, the conceptual model of CI-SC fitted better with the data collected. Furthermore, all the five path coefficients of the conceptual models are proved to be statistically significant at p<0.05 or p<0.001. To be specific, the results indicated that: 1) Perceived tourism impacts and personal benefit from tourism were two mediate variables of community involvement influence on the sense of community, and such of the mediate variables brought significantly partial mediate effects. 2) When perceived tourism impacts or personal benefit from tourism is alone mediate variables between community involvement and sense of community, the partial mediate effect caused by personal benefit from tourism is significantly higher than perceived tourism impacts. When they are simultaneously mediate variables, the partial mediate effect caused by perceived tourism impacts is significantly higher than personal benefit from tourism, and the partial mediate effects caused by them is the maximum. 3) Two paths existed in impact mechanism between community involvement and sense of community, one is direct while the other is indirect mediated by perceived tourism impacts and personal benefit from tourism, and the indirect is slightly lower than the direct. 4) Increase of perceived tourism impacts is not only the importance of improvement the educational level of local residents, but also considerating the situation with the stage of tourism destination development; To improve personal benefit from tourism should meet tourism community residents' desire for economic development aspects as much as possible

Key words: community involvement, sense of community, structural equation model, mediate effect, Anji

中图分类号:

F590

杜宗斌, 苏勤, 姜辽. 社区参与对旅游地居民社区归属感的中介效应━━以浙江安吉为例[J]. 地理科学, 2012, 32(3): 329-335.

Zong-bin DU, Qin SU, Liao JIANG. Mediate Effects of Community Involvement Influence on Sense of Community in Tourism Destination: A Case Study of Anji County in Zhejiang Province[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2012, 32(3): 329-335.

图/表 9

图1

表1

表2

表 3

表4

图2

图3

图4

图5

参考文献 28

[1]	Gibson C.Locating geographies of tourism[J].Progress in Human Geography,2008,32(3):407-422.
[2]	Simmons D G.Community participation in tourism planning[J]. Tourism Management, 1994,15(2): 98-108.
[3]	单菁菁. 社区归属感与社区满意度[J].城市问题, 2008,(3):58~64.
[4]	Kasarda John, Janowitz Morris.Community attachment in mass society[J]. American Sociological Review, 1974,(39): 328-329.
[5]	Roach M J, O'Brien D J. The impact of different kinds of neighborhood involvement on residents' overall evaluations of their neighborhoods[J]. Sociological Focus,1982,15(4): 379-391.
[6]	Stinner William F, Loon Mollie Van.Community size, individual social position, and community attachment[J]. Rural Sociology, 1990,(55): 494-521.
[7]	孙九霞. 社区参与旅游对民族传统文化保护的正效应[J].广西民族学院学报(哲学社会科学版),2005,27(4):35~40.
[8]	陈钒. 城市居民的社区意识与社区参与的关系研究 [D].成都:四川师范大学硕士学位论文,2009.
[9]	韩国圣,张捷,黄跃雯,等.天堂寨景区农村社区居民旅游影响感知的差异分析[J].地理科学,2011,31(12):1525~1532.
[10]	Keogh B.Public participation in community tourism planning[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1990,17:449-465.
[11]	Pizam A, Milman A, B King. The perceptions of tourism employees and their families towards tourism: a cross-cultural comparison[J].Tourism Management, 1994, 15(1): 53-61.
[12]	史春云,韩宝平,刘泽华,等.旅游地居民感知与态度的比较研究——以九寨沟、庐山和周庄为例[J].经济地理,2010,30(8):1400~1407.
[13]	赖彦任. 温泉地区居民社区意识与观光冲击认知对观光发展态度之研究——以台东知本温泉与红叶温泉地区比较为例 [D].台北:台湾辅仁大学硕士学位论文,2008
[14]	Ko D W, Stewart W P.A structural equation model of residents' attitudes for tourism development[J].Tourism Management, 2002,23(5): 512-530.
[15]	Ap J.Residents perceptions on tourism impacts[J].Annals of Tourism Research, 1992,9: 665-690.
[16]	Lankford S V, D R Howard.Developing a tourism impact attitude scale[J].Annals of Tourism Research,1994,21:121-139.
[17]	Gursoy D,C Jurowski, M Uysal.Resident attitudes: a structural modeling approach[J]. Annals of Tourism Research,2002,29:79-105.
[18]	汪侠,甄峰,吴小根,等.旅游开发的居民满意度驱动因素——以广西阳朔县为例[J].地理研究,2010,29(5): 841~851.
[19]	杨兴柱,陆林.农户参与旅游决策行为结构模型及应用[J].地理学报,2005,60(6):928~940
[20]	冯淑华,沙润.乡村旅游的乡村性测评模型——以江西婺源为例[J].地理研究,2007,26(3):616~624.
[21]	Goudy Willis J.Community attachment in a rural region[J].Rural Sociology, 1990,(55):178-198.
[22]	McCool S F, Martin S R.Community attachment and attitudes toward tourism development[J].Journal of Travel Research,1994,32(3):29-34.
[23]	Kenny D A, Kashy D, Bolger N.Data analysis in social psychology[M]//D Gilbert, S Fiske, G Lindzey. Handbook of social psychology (4th ed). New York:McGraw-Hill,1998:233-265
[24]	Ap J, Crompton J L.Developing and testing a tourism impact scale[J]. Journal of Travel Research,1998,37(2):122-130.
[25]	Baron R M, Kenny D A.The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations[J]. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986,51:1173-1182.
[26]	Mac Kinnon D P, Lockwood C M, Hoffman J Met al. A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects[J]. Psychological Methods,2002,7:83-104.
[27]	安吉统计网.公报年鉴 [EB/OL] . .
[28]	易丹辉. 结构方程模型方法与应用[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2008.

基本情况	分类	样本比例（%）	基本情况	分类	样本比例（%）
年龄	≤20	1.1	职业	村干部	5.9
	21~30	29.0		旅游公司员工	8.6
	31~50	60.2		个体旅游经营	35.5
	51~60	6.5		务农	30.6
	≥61	3.2		其他	19.4
性别	男	53.8	居住时间	<10 a	10.2
性别	女	46.2		10~20 a	5.4
文化程度	小学以下	7.5		>20 a	84.4
	初中	43.0	家庭月收入（元）	≤1000	10.2
	高中	35.5		1001~3000	37.6
	大专	9.1		3001~5000	26.3
	本科以上	4.8		5001~10000	18.3
				>10001	7.5

年份	接待游客量（万人次）	旅游总收入（万元）	旅游收入占全县当年GDP比重（%）
2008年	501	190700	13.39
2009年	544	220500	13.83
2010年	648	351800	18.51

变量	因子载荷	a系数
社区参与（CI）		0.84
所在社区自主管理(CI1)	0.59
所在社区居民的参与意识 (CI2)	0.88
所在社区居民参与决策(CI3)	0.88
所在社区居民与投资者利益共享(CI4)	0.72
旅游感知（PTI）		0.85
正面感知(PPTI)	0.93
负面感知(PNTI)	0.52
旅游获益（PBT）		0.81
个人职业与旅游业的关系(PBT1)	0.89
家庭成员职业与旅游业的关系(PBT2)	0.77
社区归属感（SC）		0.79
喜欢这个社区 (SC1)	0.81
和社区中很多人是好朋友(SC2)	0.85
如果条件允许,希望长期住在本地(SC3)	0.70
非常关心社区日常事务(SC4)	0.67
如果搬离该居住社区会感到很留恋(SC5)	0.64