旅游业碳源系统研究：横向与纵向两维视角

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.010.1188

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球气候变暖引发对温室气体排放的关注。随着旅游产业规模的不断壮大,旅游业对环境的影响日益凸显,旅游业碳排放成为全球关注的焦点。旅游业碳排放测度首先应厘清碳源体系,确定范围。横向上,基于旅游业构成廓清旅游业主要碳源组分：旅游交通业、旅游景区业、旅游住宿业、旅游餐饮业、旅游娱乐业、旅游购物业,并整理旅游业各组分碳源的测度清单：能源、土地利用方式与废弃物。纵向上,基于生命周期评价构建“前期-中期-后期”的旅游业碳排放测度范围,抛却仅限于“服务时”的碳排放测度的窠臼。对旅游业碳源系统相对准确的认识,有利于确定旅游业碳排放主要来源部门及减排措施的主要目标,为政府部门提供更有针对性、更科学的决策参考。

关键词: 旅游业, 碳源, 组分, 清单, 生命周期分析

Abstract:

Global climate change is the most important environmental problem that humans have faced so far, especially the problem of global climate warming. The emission of greenhouse gases with CO₂as a representative is recognized as one of the culprits which lead to global climate warming.In the 21st century, with the growing scale of tourism industry, tourism industry has showed increasingly prominent influence on climate and environment, which causes attention of the social from all walks of life. And tourism carbon emissions and compensation problems have become the focus and hot spots of global. To measure the amount of CO₂ emissions produced by tourism, and understand the basic situation of tourism carbon emissions, we must first find out what activities, process are consuming energy and exhausting greenhouse gases with CO₂as a representative, namely carbon source. This paper explores carbon source system of tourism from two perspectives: tourism components in lateral perspective and total life stages of tourism major departments in longitudinal perspective. First, from the lateral perspective, we build carbon source components of tourism based on the main components of tourism industries, and the main components of tourism industries are: tourist communications industries,tourism scenic spot industries, tourism hotel industries, tourism catering industries, tourist entertainment industries and tourist commodity industries. Then from the longitudinal perspective,the authors construct the carbon source subdivision of tourism major departments of the “early stage-middle stage-later stage” total life stages based on Life Cycle Assessment, abandoning the stereotypical measurement of carbon emissions which is only limited to “serving” and broadening the horizons of measure objects of carbon emissions. A relatively consistent and accurate understanding about carbon source system is favorable to find out the main tourism industry departments that produce carbon emissions and the major goals of carbon reduction measures, and to provide more targeted and more scientific decision-making for government departments.

Key words: toursim industry, carbon source, component, list, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

中图分类号:

丁雨莲, 赵媛. 旅游业碳源系统研究：横向与纵向两维视角[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(10): 1188-1195.

Yu-lian DING, Yuan ZHAO. Carbon Source System in Tourism Industry:From Lateral and Longitudinal Perspective[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2013, 33(10): 1188-1195.

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旅游业碳源组分	排放源大类	排放源亚类	旅游业排放源碳排放测度清单
旅游交通业	能源	能源消耗能源溢散	航空运输/铁路运输/公路运输/水路运输/特种运输高星级住宿/商务型住宿/经济型住宿（青年旅馆）绿色生态餐饮/社会团队餐饮/农家乐餐饮/城市餐饮山岳型景区/水域型景区/自然乡村景区/文化古镇景区/历史遗迹景区/现代主题公园演艺类娱乐项目/休闲类娱乐项目旅游工艺品/旅游印刷（纪念）品/地方土特产/旅游用品
旅游住宿业	能源	能源消耗能源溢散
旅游餐饮业	土地利用方式	林地农地草地湿地集聚地其它土地	仍为林地的林地、转化为林地的农地/草地/湿地/集聚地/其它土地仍为农地的农地、转化为农地的的林地/草地/湿地/集聚地/其它土地仍为草地的草地、转化为草地的林地/农地/湿地/集聚地/其它土地仍为泥炭地的泥炭地、仍为水淹地的水淹地、转化为泥炭地的土地仍为集聚地的集聚地、转化为集聚地的林地/农地/湿地/其它土地仍为其它土地的其它土地、转化为其它土地的林地/农地/草地/湿地/集聚地
旅游景区业	土地利用方式	林地农地草地湿地集聚地其它土地
旅游娱乐业旅游购物业	旅游废弃物	固体废弃物废弃物焚化废水处理	有机类生活垃圾：由食宿所产生的厨余、纸张无机类公园垃圾：由游玩、娱乐时所丢弃的塑料、金属、玻璃包装物