基于小尺度五普数据的南京旧城区社会空间分异研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.010.1196

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

尽管第五次人口普查所反映的社会空间结构特征已经是12 a前的事实,国内外学者也针对2000年的中国第五次人口普查数据做了一定的研究,但是,此类研究要么局限于全域性社会空间统计分析;要么限于县区、街道尺度展开的局域性地理空间分析研究。居委会（社区）这一核心统计尺度的普查数据一直没有被有效地挖掘利用。以南京旧城区为研究案例,首次通过匹配内城区居委会地图和第五次人口普查长短表数据,深度挖掘、揭示居委会尺度下的南京旧城区社会空间隔离特征,并指出：① 新世纪南京市城市社会空间转型与分异是计划体制时期社会空间建构力量与市场分化力量混合的结果,相对于上海、北京和广州而言,南京城市制度性力量显示了强劲的路径依赖特征、学习性与适应性;② 小尺度社会空间分析挖掘出大尺度无法辨析的学区中产阶层化(jiaoyufication)区域和转型期崛起的新城市精英社区。

关键词: 小尺度, 第五次普查数据, 南京旧城区, 社会空间

Abstract:

：The fifth census is now over a decade old and much has changed in the socio-spatial characteristics of Chinese cities in that time. Moreover, many overseas scholars and Chinese researchers have published a substantial number of papers and books using the 2000 census data. However, most of scholars used the data in an aspatial way in sociologically oriented studies or use the data at the larger scale of town or jiedao level. Our study is based on data at the lowest geographic scale possible, the community level or juweihui. We use these data in combination with a carefully developed community level map. These data allow us to exam the socio-spatial structure of old city region of Nanjing. This area included 244 communities with a population of 1 358 714. The findings suggest a complex pattern formed by some of the well-known policies of the socialist era and the beginnings of free market processes, particularly in the creation of new elite areas within the old city. Particularly, Nanjing case shows that the complex pattern of urban social space in less developed cities would be consequence of stronger institutional path-dependence, adaptability and emulating capacity. Furthermore, the findings of jiaoyufication and new urban elite rely on small scale data.

Key words: small scale, the fifth community-level census data, old city of Nanjing, social-spatial study

中图分类号:

C912

吴启焰, 吴小慧, 刘咏梅, 刘丹. 基于小尺度五普数据的南京旧城区社会空间分异研究[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(10): 1196-1205.

Qi-yan WU, Xiao-hui WU, Guo CHEN, J Daniel Hammel, Yong-mei LIU, Dan LIU. Social-spatial Differentiation and Residential Segregation of Old City of Nanjing, China: Evidence from the Community-level Census Data in 2000[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2013, 33(10): 1196-1205.

图/表 8

图1

表 1

图2

图3

图4

表2

旋转后8个主成份载荷矩阵"

	成份
	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII
男性比例	0.066	-0.738	0.102	-0.008	-0.172	-.0030	0.112	-0.136
小于15岁人口比例	0.010	0.842	0.163	-0.024	0.163	0.147	-0.115	0.010
15~29岁人口比例	0.010	-0.924	-0.056	0.182	0.068	0.109	0.005	0.147
30~59岁人口比例	0.043	0.828	0.124	-0.309	-0.086	0.038	0.039	-0.197
60岁以上人口比例	-0.118	0.609	-0.173	0.070	-0.135	-0.482	-0.019	-0.063
家庭规模	-0.086	-0.818	-0.002	0.165	0.033	0.028	-0.239	-0.094
大学以上人口比例	0.229	-0.603	0.158	0.606	0.293	-0.028	-0.011	0.113
农林牧渔人口比例	-0.005	0.046	-0.044	-0.049	0.014	-0.025	-0.518	0.197
制造业和建筑业人口比例	-0.075	0.180	-0.192	0.027	-0.777	-0.049	0.142	-0.087
交通运输仓储邮电通信人口比例	00.122	0.102	-0.109	-0.229	-0.034	0.130	-0.081	-0.440
批发零售餐饮业人口比例	-0.248	0.181	0.100	-0.750	-0.022	0.025	-0.116	0.136
金融保险地产业人口比例	0.184	0.224	0.195	0.111	0.272	0.258	0.041	-0.007
社会服务业人口比例	-0.049	0.090	0.172	-0.503	0.249	-0.037	0.295	-0.030
国家党政机关人口比例	0.187	0.151	-0.029	0.091	0.710	0.016	-0.145	-0.135
其他产业人口比例	-0.006	-0.009	0.419	0.013	0.295	-0.065	0.209	-0.238
国家机关党群企事业负责人比例	0.241	0.127	0.639	0.191	0.349	0.069	0.034	-0.066
专业技术人员所占比例	0.249	-0.224	0.138	0.755	0.216	-0.021	0.000	0.153
办事和有关人员所占比例	0.251	0.083	-0.028	-0.051	0.589	0.061	0.096	-0.345
商业服务业人员所占比例	-0.379	-0.009	-0.246	-0.742	-0.147	-0.040	-0.170	0.126
其他从业人员所占比例	0.026	0.022	0.005	0.021	-0.026	-0.155	0.036	-0.022
人均居住面积	0.302	0.510	0.660	0.133	0.177	0.134	0.000	-0.087
独立厨房比例	0.894	0.135	0.144	0.185	0.113	-0.017	0.073	0.027
使用燃气做家庭燃料比例	0.336	0.596	0.033	0.044	0.023	-0.044	0.446	0.138
拥有自来水比例	0.044	0.093	0.000	0.040	-0.164	-0.150	0.726	0.252
家庭自装热水洗澡比例	0.866	0.097	0.189	0.280	0.183	-0.013	0.081	-0.014
厕所拥有独立抽水的比例	0.921	0.047	0.138	0.188	0.162	0.003	0.083	0.006
建筑七层或七层以上比例	-0.060	-0.018	-0.001	0.284	0.542	-0.138	0.040	0.233
1949年以前建设的比例	-0.758	0.148	-0.130	-0.043	0.022	0.172	0.225	-0.067
1950~1979年建设的比例	-0.559	-0.062	-0.140	0.306	-0.145	-0.227	-0.207	-0.020
1980~1989年建设的比例	0.223	-0.058	-0.169	-0.145	0.190	-0.798	0.005	0.100
1990~2000年建设的比例	0.484	0.011	0.287	-0.017	-0.098	0.730	-0.005	-0.042
自建住房的比例	-0.748	0.059	-0.062	-0.295	-0.133	-0.065	-0.049	0.108
购买商品房比例	0.043	-0.045	0.829	-0.078	0.045	0.217	0.131	-0.088
购买经济适用房的比例	0.202	0.047	0.000	-0.239	-0.021	0.277	-0.010	0.551
购买原公有住房的比例	0.697	0.032	-0.090	0.297	-0.077	-0.518	-0.025	-0.175
租用原公有住房的比例	-0.476	0.113	-0.426	-0.006	0.154	0.474	0.190	0.063
租用商品房比例	-0.166	0.049	0.026	-0.448	-0.175	0.051	-0.182	0.483
平均购买价格	0.314	-0.033	0.698	-0.097	-0.072	-0.061	-0.091	0.278
平均租用价格	0.075	0.005	0.805	0.052	-0.092	0.114	-0.037	0.221

表2

表3

聚类成分得分判别"

社会分区	居委会数量（个）	主成份	I	II	III	IV	V	VI	VII	VIII
第1类	66	$R l 2 ˉ$	0.044	0.043	0.029	0.042	0.025	0.052	0.007	0.016
第2类	59	$R l 2 ˉ$	0.037	0.177	0.085	0.078	0.038	0.043	0.125	0.105
第3类	18	$R l 2 ˉ$	0.217	0.179	0.219	0.197	0.081	0.049	0.062	0.183
第4类	36	$R l 2 ˉ$	0.058	0.129	0.106	0.151	0.033	0.053	0.054	0.097
第5类	15	$R l 2 ˉ$	0.054	0.06	0.07	0.078	0.097	0.051	0.037	0.07
第6类	30	$R l 2 ˉ$	0.023	0.083	0.138	0.099	0.033	0.042	0.13	0.144
第7类	14	$R l 2 ˉ$	0.112	0.147	0.054	0.193	0.07	0.058	0.159	0.233
第8类	6	$R l 2 ˉ$	0.503	0.323	0.506	0.188	0.351	0.164	0.35	0.434

表3

图5

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主成份	未旋转方差贡献率		旋转后方差贡献率
主成份	特征根	解释方差百分比(%)	特征根	解释方差百分比(%)	解释方差累计百分比(%)
1	7.919	20.306	5.786	14.835	14.835
2	5.718	14.662	5.139	13.178	28.013
3	3.345	8.578	3.580	9.178	37.191
4	2.474	6.343	3.398	8.713	45.905
5	1.891	4.849	2.629	6.742	52.647
6	1.812	4.646	2.350	6.027	58.673
7	1.390	3.565	1.526	3.913	62.586
8	1.338	3.432	1.479	3.794	66.379