南方丘陵生态脆弱区生态文明区划探讨——以长汀县为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.010.1224

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生态文明建设是以尊重和维护生态环境为前提,以人与自然、人与社会良性循环、全面发展、持续繁荣为核心,旨在寻求生态、经济的双赢。以长汀县作为南方丘陵生态脆弱区生态文明建设研究实例,融合主体功能区划理念及方法,从生态经济文明、生态社会文明、生态环境文明、生态文化文明和生态制度文明方面选取评价指标,考虑南方丘陵生态脆弱区的生态敏感性,并结合农户调查意见划分生态文明管制区。结果表明,长汀县生态文明管制区可分为生态文明重点管护区、核心发展区、综合治理区、集中修复区;生态文明建设的政策重心应倾向于农户生计变化,加强农业专业化,发展绿色产业,实现绿色产业市场竞争优势和持续发展优势,促使生态效益凸显、持久,最终实现生态、经济的双赢。

关键词: 生态文明, 生态文明管制区, 南方丘陵生态脆弱区, 长汀县

Abstract:

On the premise of respecting ecological environment, ecological civilization construction focus on harmonious coexistence、virtuous circle、comprehensive development、continued prosperity among man、nature、society, and aim at seeking a win-win situation between ecological and economy. Considering the differences of speed and level of economic development among different region, this article argues that ecological civilization construction not only concentrates on its intension, but on its spatial variation, which required ecological civilization construction should root in local conditions. With the theoretical formwork, this article presents the trend for ecological civilization construction to dividing the ecological civilization control area, especially ecological fragile region. Based on preliminary results of the field surveys and interviews, government statistics and documents, and direct observation in Changting County of Fujian Province, a region with a representative in soil erosion of ecological fragile region in southern hills as well as a prototype of soil erosion control, the idea of ecological civilization control area was explored. Firstly, the philosophy and method of the major function oriented zoning are integrated. Secondly, comprehensive evaluation of indexes that including the aspects of economic, social, environmental, cultural and institutional of ecological civilization are carried out. Finally, the ecological sensitivity of ecological fragile region in southern hills as well as a survey of farmers in local area was considered. The results showed that the ecological civilization control area of Changting County can be divided into four areas including ecological civilization control and protection area, ecological civilization core development area, comprehensive management area, and centralized restoration area. It was identified that the area of ecological civilization control and protection is the key in ecological civilization construction, ecological civilization core development area is the economic development space carrier, ecological civilization comprehensive management area is the important direction of city development as well as the key area of controlling soil erosion while ecological civilization centralized restoration area hold environmental protection and ecological products as its priority mission. The article assesses the relevance of the paradigm of economic development in each ecological civilization control area to the ecological civilization construction, and suggests the need for a conceptual framework focusing on the ecological civilization construction resulting from bottom-up ecological civilization control area development. It was also drew that policy implications from the analysis, calling for policies not only to facilitate environment improvements but also catering for the means of livelihood for the inhabitant.

Key words: ecological civilization, ecological civilization control area, ecological fragile region in southern hills, Changting County

中图分类号:

K909

曾月娥, 伍世代, 王强. 南方丘陵生态脆弱区生态文明区划探讨——以长汀县为例[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(10): 1224-1230.

Yue-e ZENG, Shi-dai WU, Qiang WANG. Ecological Civilization Construction of Ecological Fragile Region in Southern Hills: A Case Study of Changting County[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2013, 33(10): 1224-1230.

图/表 5

图1

图2

表1

图3

图4

参考文献 27

[1]	牛文元. 生态脆弱带(ECOTONE)的基础判定[J].生态学报,1990,9(2):97~105.
[2]	朱震达. 中国脆弱生态带与土地荒漠化[J].中国沙漠,1991,11(4):11~22.
[3]	尚立照,张龙生.基于“成因-结果”指标的甘肃各县区生态脆弱性定量评价[J].中国水土保持,2010,(6):11~13, 23.
[4]	郑文武,曾永年,吴桂平,等.遥感和GIS支持下的湘西北喀斯特农业生态环境脆弱度评价[J].地理与地理信息科学,2010,26(2):93~96.
[5]	田亚平,刘沛林,郑文武.南方丘陵区的生态脆弱度评估:以衡阳盆地为例[J].地理研究,2005,24(6):843~852.
[6]	周松秀,田亚平,刘兰芳.南方丘陵区农业生态环境脆弱性的驱动力分析——以衡阳盆地为例[J].地理科学进展,2011,30(7):938~944.
[7]	杨顺强,吴银梅,王磊,等.水土流失严重型生态脆弱区不同治理模式的比较[J].中国水土保持,2011,(4):55~57.
[8]	李宇,董锁成,周长进.甘肃省定西地区生态经济发展模式[J].干旱区资源与环境,2004,18(1):17~22.
[9]	石培基,李鸣骥.宁夏中部生态脆弱区生态城镇化发展模式研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(3):1~5.
[10]	戴亚南,彭检贵.江苏省海岸带生态脆弱区循环经济发展模式[J].水土保持通报,2007,27(6):216~219.
[11]	阎欣,甄峰,席广亮.高寒生态脆弱地区城市绿色工业选择与布局研究——以拉萨市为例[J].经济地理,2011,31(7):1139~1145.
[12]	彭迪云,许涵.鄱阳湖生态经济区:建设生态文明的探索和创新[J].求是,2010,(10):56~59.
[13]	束洪福. 建设生态文明转变发展方式[J].科学社会主义,2010,(3):22~24.
[14]	江泽慧. 保护生态环境建设生态文明[J].中国城市林业,2008,(2):4~5.
[15]	王玉玲. 生态文明的背景、内涵及实现途径[J].经济与社会发展,2008,6(9):36~39.
[16]	李良美. 生态文明的科学内涵及其理论意义[J].毛泽东邓小平理论研究,2005,(2):47~51.
[17]	周生贤. 积极建设生态文明[J].环境科学研究,2009,22(12):1~3.
[18]	廖曰文,章燕妮.生态文明的内涵及其现实意义[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2011,21(3):377~380.
[19]	王强,伍世代,李永实,等.福建省域主体功能区划分实践[J].地理学报,2009,64(6):725~735.
[20]	高珊,黄贤金.基于绩效评价的区域生态文明指标体系构建——以江苏省为例[J].经济地理,2010,30(5):823~828.
[21]	朱增银,李冰,高鸣,等.太湖流域生态文明城市建设量化指标体系的初步研究[J].中国工程科学,2010,12(6):131~136.
[22]	张静,夏海勇.生态文明指标体系的构建与评价方法[J].统计与决策,2009,(21):60~63.
[23]	翁丽丽,李永实,王晓文,等.福建省农村经济类型划分方法探讨[J].福建师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2002,(3):48~53.
[24]	徐建华. 现代地理学中的数学方法[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2002:224~230.
[25]	阎建忠,张镱锂,朱会义,等.大渡河上游不同地带居民对环境退化的响应[J].地理学报,2006,61(2):146~156.
[26]	长汀县统计局,国家统计局长汀调查队.2011长汀统计年鉴[M].福建:长汀统计局,2012.
[27]	方中权. 广州市白云区的发展与空间控制研究[J].地理科学,2005,25(2):155~160.

系统层	指标层	权重	系统层	指标层	权重
生态经济文明（0.35）	人均GDP	0.07	生态环境文明（0.30）	生态系统服务功能指数	0.05
	单位GDP能耗	0.06		生态综合治理率	0.04
	单位GDP水耗	0.03		森林覆盖率	0.04
	单位土地产出值	0.04		水土流失占国土面积比例	0.02
	生态产业产值占GDP比重	0.04		农村面源污染防治率	0.01
	产业结构优化指数	0.02		生活垃圾无害化处理率	0.01
	节能环保产品政府采购率	0.02		Ⅲ类或优于Ⅲ类水质达标率	0.01
	非化石能源消费比重	0.02		优良以上空气质量达标率	0.01
	生态环保产品消费比重	0.03		人均可利用土地资源	0.05
	高新技术产值占GDP比重	0.02		人均可利用水资源	0.03
生态社会文明（0.14）	人口集聚度	0.04		主要污染物排放总量减少率	0.01
	交通优势度	0.03	固体废物排放强度		0.01
	恩格尔系数	0.03	工业固体废物综合利用率		0.01
	社会保障覆盖率	0.02	生态文化文明（0.12）	环境教育普及率	0.02
	教育支出占财政支出比重	0.02		城市人均拥有公共图书册数	0.01
生态制度文明（0.09）	生态环境灾害应急预案与组织机构落实	0.01		公共文化设施免费开放程度	0.02
	公众对政府生态文明建设满意度	0.04	公众对环境满意度		0.03
	环境管理能力标准化建设达标率	0.02	市场包装限塑比重		0.01
	规划环境影响评价执行率	0.02	生态文化推广体系		0.03