绿洲城市不同道路扩展轴的景观梯度变化对比研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2013.012.1434

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

摘要：绿洲城市不同道路扩展轴上景观梯度变化是理解城市化对干旱区城乡景观格局及其生态过程影响的重要途径。基于遥感与GIS技术支持结合景观格局指数与梯度分析对比分析了干旱区绿洲城市酒泉市肃州区不同道路扩展轴上的城市景观格局梯度动态变化及其特征。结果表明：1996~2010年肃州区各道路扩展轴沿线景观格局变化显著建设用地和城市绿地增加迅速未利用地、灌丛草地和耕地等明显减少;城市化过程表现为沿交通干线轴向上“团块-轴向”的扩张特征。城市化进程造成酒嘉和酒西公路扩展轴方向的景观异质性和多样性增加景观形状更为复杂景观类型由原本占主导地位的未利用地逐渐转变为以城市工业建设用地景观为主。酒清和酒金公路扩展轴上靠近城区中心的景观破碎化程度和景观形状复杂性指数较高而远离城区中心的各指数值较低逐渐趋向于多种景观均势并存的景观格局。总体上不同等级城市道路扩展轴上城市化及其城市景观梯度变化特征不同国道酒嘉公路样带>省道酒西公路>国道酒清公路>省道酒金公路;在空间尺度上各扩展轴上城市郊区景观指数变化明显大于绿洲农业区。

关键词: 城市化, 城市道路扩展轴, 景观格局变化, 梯度分析, 绿洲城市, 干旱区

Abstract:

The quantification of landscape pattern gradient change along urban expansion axis was not only an important method to understand oasis urbanization process, but also was the way prerequisite for the evaluation of ecological processes and mechanism that affect landscape pattern change dynamics. On the basis of remote sensing and GIS technology, jointing methods of landscape pattern metrics with gradient analysis was used to study the spatial-temporal change of landscape pattern along different road expansion axes of Jiuquan City. The expansion axes included Jiujia road and Jiuxi road transects with 12.5 km length and 5 km width and transects along Jiuqing road and Jiujin road with width of 5 km and length of 17.5 km and 20 km, separately. Comparison analysis was made among these roads transects from 1996 to 2010. The results showed that landscape pattern changed greatly along different road expansion axes. Constructed land and urban green land increased rapidly while unused land and farmland decreased gradually, and promptly converted to constructed land in the Jiujia road transect and Jiuxi road transect. The character of urbanization was “clumps - axial” along road expansion axes of Jiuquan city. Due to urbanization, landscape heterogeneity and landscape diversity were increase, the landscape shape become more complex along Jiujia road and Jiuxi road. The landscape pattern dominated by the unused land was converted to an urban landscape dominant pattern gradually. However, along the Jiujin road, urbanization didn't affected obviously on landscape shape complexity and fragmentation. With the increase of distance from the city center, the landscape patch density, landscape shape index and the landscape heterogeneity decreased along the Jiujin road and Jiuqing road. And with the decreasing of dominance of farmland, the landscape converted into a uniformly coexistent pattern of constructed land, farmland, green land and unused land. Summarily, there were different characters of urbanization and urban landscape gradient change of different road gradesthe extent of landscape changing were Jiujia road>Jiuxi road>Jiuqing road>Jiujin road. The landscape indices of urban suburbs changed more apparently than oasis agriculture area in the time scale.

Key words: urbanization, urban road expansion axis, landscape pattern change, gradient analysis, oasis city, arid area of China

中图分类号:

Q149

谢余初, 巩杰, 王合领, 孙朋, 钱大文. 绿洲城市不同道路扩展轴的景观梯度变化对比研究[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(12): 1434-1441.

Yu-chu XIE, Jie GONG, He-ling WANG, Peng SUN, Da-wen QIAN. Gradient Analysis and Comparison of Landscape Pattern Along Different Traffic Expansion Axes of Oasis City in the Arid Area of China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2013, 33(12): 1434-1441.

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	1996年				2006年				2010年
	酒嘉	酒西	酒清	酒金	酒嘉	酒西	酒清	酒金	酒嘉	酒西	酒清	酒金
耕地比重（%）	2442.80	1941.00	5367.96	6618.19	1853.30	1614.56	5325.37	7193.12	1750.30	1610.47	5123.85	7133.17
耕地比重（%）	39.09	31.056	61.35	66.19	29.68	25.83	60.86	71.93	28.00	25.77	59.59	71.33
城市绿地比重（%）	44.61	9.52	28.15	14.80	178.60	88.63	164.05	14.34	196.18	147.65	205.46	33.76
城市绿地比重（%）	0.71	0.15	0.32	0.15	2.86	1.42	1.87	0.14	3.14	2.36	2.35	0.34
灌丛草地比重（%）	5.06	18.88	390.66	2002.35	4.042	22.32	57.20	1308.37	3.99	7.46	101.83	1203.51
灌丛草地比重（%）	0.08	0.30	4.46	20.02	0.06	0.36	0.65	13.08	0.06	0.12	1.16	12.04
水体比重（%）	75.31	428.08	247.68	376.48	95.09	437.92	289.47	471.74	84.5	402.63	290.66	455.69
水体比重（%）	1.21	6.85	2.83	3.76	1.52	7.01	3.31	4.72	1.35	6.44	3.32	4.56
建设用地比重（%）	1208.80	781.90	872.63	744.48	2326.32	1842.89	1409.02	923.92	2503.56	2171.97	1650.73	1067.99
建设用地比重（%）	19.34	12.51	9.97	7.44	37.22	29.49	16.1	9.24	40.06	34.75	18.52	10.68
未利用地比重（%）	2473.41	3070.62	1842.92	243.71	1792.64	2243.67	1401.39	88.52	1711.46	1909.82	1317.46	105.87
未利用地比重（%）	39.57	49.13	21.06	2.44	28.68	35.9	16.02	0.89	27.38	30.56	15.06	1.06