关键词: 生态承载力, 容量耦合模型, 耦合协调度, 洞庭湖区

Abstract:

Ecological carrying capacity is a complex dynamic system including natural-economy-society, and its intrinsic coordination is the key to sustainable carrying capacity of ecosystem. In different spatio-temporal scales, the coupling coordinative degree of ecological carrying capacity presents different differences and changes. On the basis of coupling coordinative development interactive mechanism of ecological carrying capacity, the article constructs an evaluation index system of coupling coordinative degree, and analyzes the temporal and spatial difference of coupling coordinative degree of ecological carrying capacity in the Dongting Lake region by using capacitive coupling model. The results show that: 1) The trends of coupling degree and coupling coordinative degree of ecological carrying capacity in the Dongting Lake region from 2001 to 2012 seemed to be the same, and presented roughly steady upward trend. The mean of coupling degree was 0.499, in antagonistic stage; the mean of coupling coordinative degree was 0.463, in the moderate coupling coordinative phase; the average annual growth rate of coupling degree was 3.35%, greater than coupling coordinative degree, which was 3.05%. It indicated that the internal coupling and synergies of the ecological carrying capacity was obvious, and the coupling strength was greater than the internal coordination. 2) As to spatial variation, there were three states of coupling degree in three different years in 17 counties of the Dongting Lake area, which were a low coupling, antagonistic phase and running-in phase, each coupling state had different county number and interval change. The coupling coordinative degree appeared three states of low coupling coordination, moderate coupling coordination and highly coupling coordination, the variation was substantially similar to the coupling degree, however the change of the county number and interval change in coordinative state laged behind the coupling degree. The spatial distribution of coupling coordinative degree and coupling degree were similar, high and low spatial differences were mainly decided by the historical development, social and economic developmental level, traffic location and natural resources. 3) As to spatial combination, there were five kinds of spatial combination types in three typical years in 17 counties of Dongting Lake area, which were low-low, medium-low, medium-medium,high-medium and high-high. The basic spatial pattern was that low-low type concentrates in the central and southwestern of Dongting Lake area, and high-high type were along the traffic lines of Beijing-Guangzhou, Shimen-Changde and Changde-Yueyang, and the layout looked like "three pillars". Other types were focused on periphery of the high-high type, in scattered distribution. The county changes of different combination types reflected the basic law of the change of coupling coordinative degree, which coupling degree and coupling coordinative degree were not consistent; in the process of human social and economic activities, the degree of utilization of resources and disturbance intensity of the ecological environment were directly driving forces leading to the change of coupling coordinative type.

Key words: ecological carrying capacity, capacitive coupling model, coupling coordinative degree, Dongting Lake region