地理科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 879-887.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.06.010
收稿日期:
2015-05-18
修回日期:
2015-08-13
出版日期:
2016-10-20
发布日期:
2016-10-20
作者简介:
作者简介:刘吉平(1972- ),男,山东菏泽人,教授,主要从事湿地生态学研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Jiping Liu1,2(), Chunyue Dong1, Lianxi Sheng2, Yan Liu1,2
Received:
2015-05-18
Revised:
2015-08-13
Online:
2016-10-20
Published:
2016-10-20
Supported by:
摘要:
以湿地变化较为剧烈的小三江平原为研究区域,以1955~2010年的地形图和Landsat TM遥感数据为数据源,采用网格分析法研究景观指数的时空分异规律,并分析不同时期人为干扰度对景观格局指数的影响。结果表明:① 从时间上看,1955~2010年小三江平原沼泽湿地的面积和最大斑块逐渐减小,斑块占景观比从52.87%下降到10.41%,最大斑块减少了47.6%,破碎化和分散性逐渐增加,连接度从1.02%增加到2.88%后下降为0.79%,呈先增加后降低的趋势,斑块的形状由复杂变得简单后又变得复杂,人为干扰度逐渐增加,从0.31%增加到0.6%;② 从空间上看,1955年研究区沼泽湿地景观由西南向东北破碎化逐渐减弱,1986年后变为由西南向东北破碎化逐渐增加的格局。沼泽湿地斑块类型所占景观面积比例和连接度指数的高值区主要分布在研究区的中部和东北部。人为干扰度的空间分布格局是由西南向东北逐渐减弱;③ 1955~2010年人为干扰对小三江平原沼泽湿地的邻近与连接程度的影响逐渐减弱,对沼泽湿地边缘密度影响逐渐增强,人为干扰对沼泽湿地斑块密度的影响主要受沼泽湿地面积的影响,人为干扰对沼泽湿地斑块的形状影响较小,沼泽湿地的优势景观控制力逐渐下降,人为干扰是小三江平原湿地面积减少的主要原因。
中图分类号:
刘吉平, 董春月, 盛连喜, 刘雁. 1955~2010年小三江平原沼泽湿地景观格局变化及其对人为干扰的响应[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(6): 879-887.
Jiping Liu, Chunyue Dong, Lianxi Sheng, Yan Liu. Landscape Pattern Change of Marsh and Its Response to Human Disturbance in the Small Sanjiang Plain, 1955-2010[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(6): 879-887.
表2
1955~2010年小三江平原沼泽湿地景观指数变化"
景观指数 | 1955年 | 1965年 | 1976年 | 1986年 | 1996年 | 2010年 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PLAND(%) | 52.87 | 37.25 | 21.32 | 20.16 | 15.00 | 10.41 |
LPI(%) | 50.17 | 35.82 | 9.31 | 7.42 | 5.95 | 2.57 |
PD(个/km2) | 0.0045 | 0.0017 | 0.0048 | 0.0032 | 0.0063 | 0.0050 |
ED(m/hm2) | 2.1 | 1.59 | 2.02 | 1.64 | 1.57 | 1.12 |
PARA | 23.78 | 22.08 | 21.79 | 20.57 | 22.25 | 22.28 |
AI(%) | 85.91 | 84.97 | 65.42 | 70.55 | 61.8 | 61.1 |
CONNECT(%) | 1.02 | 2.88 | 1.41 | 1.33 | 0.79 | 0.79 |
表3
人为干扰度与沼泽湿地景观指数的相关系数"
景观指数 | 相关系数 | 1955年 | 1965年 | 1976年 | 1986年 | 1996年 | 2010年 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AI(%) | Pearson 相关性 | -0.809** | -0.595** | -0.327* | -0.308* | -0.358* | -0.194 |
N | 52 | 44 | 43 | 47 | 51 | 51 | |
CONNECT(%) | Pearson 相关性 | -0.660** | -0.454** | 0.055 | -0.338 | 0.153 | -0.128 |
N | 48 | 44 | 35 | 33 | 48 | 51 | |
ED(m/hm2) | Pearson 相关性 | 0.112 | -0.512** | -0.662** | -0.818** | -0.565** | -0.618** |
N | 52 | 44 | 43 | 47 | 51 | 51 | |
LPI(%) | Pearson 相关性 | -0.953** | -0.946** | -0.896** | -0.811** | -0.558** | -0.707** |
N | 52 | 44 | 43 | 47 | 51 | 51 | |
PARA | Pearson 相关性 | -0.18 | 0.057 | -0.262 | -0.088 | 0.146 | -0.142 |
N | 52 | 44 | 43 | 47 | 51 | 51 | |
PD(个/km2) | Pearson 相关性 | 0.608** | 0.154 | -0.305* | -0.118 | -0.316* | -0.378** |
N | 52 | 44 | 43 | 47 | 51 | 51 | |
PLAND(%) | Pearson 相关性 | -0.976** | -0.975** | -0.938** | -0.897** | -0.788** | -0.852** |
N | 52 | 44 | 43 | 47 | 51 | 51 |
[26] | [Liu Jiping, Lv Xianguo, Cui Huihui.Spatial autocorrelation analysis of multi-scale changes in Bielahong River basin wetlands. Advances in Water Science, 2010, 21(3): 392-398.] |
[27] |
张树清,张柏,汪爱华.三江平原湿地消长与区域气候变化关系研究[J].地球科学进展,2001,16(6):836-841.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.2001.06.013 |
[Zhang Shuqing,Zhang Bai,Wang Aihua.A study on the relationship between distributive variation of wetlands and regional climate change in Sanjiang Plain.Advance in Earth Sciences,2001,16(6):836-841.]
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1001-8166.2001.06.013 |
|
[28] | 刘兴土, 马学慧. 三江平原自然环境变化与生态保育[M] . 北京: 科学出版社, 2002 . |
[Liu Xingtu, Ma Xuehui.Changes of natural environment and ecological conservation in Sanjiang Plain . Beijing: Science Press, 2002.] | |
[29] | 吕宪国. 三江平原湿地生物多样性变化及可持续利用[M] . 北京: 科学出版社, 2009 . |
[Lv Xianguo.Wetland biodiversity change and sustaninable use in the Sanjiang Plain . Beijing: Science Press, 2009.] | |
[30] | 孔范龙, 郗敏, 李悦, 等. 山东日照傅疃河口湿地脆弱性特征与生态恢复[J]. 湿地科学, 2015, 13(3): 322-326. |
[1] |
De Souza Soler L, Verburg P H. Combining remote sensing and household level data for regional scale analysis of land cover change in the Brazilian Amazon[J]. Regional Environmental Change, 2010, 10(4): 371-386.
doi: 10.1007/s10113-009-0107-7 |
[2] |
Wood R, Handley J.Landscape dynamics and the management of change[J]. Landscape Research, 2001, 26(1): 45-54.
doi: 10.1080/01426390120024475 |
[30] | [Kong Fanlong, Xi Min, Li Yue et al. Vulnerability characteristics and ecological recovery of futuan estuary wetlands,rizhao city,Shandong province. Wetland Science, 2015, 13(3): 322-326.] |
[31] |
宋开山, 刘殿伟, 王宗明, 等. 1954年以来三江平原土地利用变化及驱动力[J]. 地理学报, 2008, 63(1): 93-104.
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2008.01.010 |
[3] | Balmford A, Bruner A, Cooper P et al. Economic reasons for conserving wild Nature[J]. Science (New York, N.Y.), 2002, 297(5583): 950-953. |
[4] |
Fujihara M, Kikuchi T.Changes in the landscape structure of the Nagara River Basin, central Japan[J]. Landscape and Urban Planning, 2005, 70(3/4): 271-281.
doi: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2003.10.027 |
[31] |
[Song Kaishan, Liu Dianwei, Wang Zongming et al. Land use change in sanjiang plain and its driving forces analysis since 1954. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2008, 63(1): 93-104.]
doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0375-5444.2008.01.010 |
[32] | 刘红玉,吕宪国,张世奎,等.三江平原流域湿地景观破碎化过程研究[J].应用生态学报, 2005, 16(2):289-295. |
[5] | 邬建国. 景观生态学——格局、过程、尺度与等级(第二版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2007. |
[Wu Jianguo.Landscape ecology: pattern,process,scale and hierarchy(2nd ed).Beijing:Higher Education Press,2007.] | |
[32] | [Liu Hongyu,Lv Xianguo,Zhang Shikui et al.Fragmentation process of wetland landscape in watersheds of Sanjiang Plain, China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(2):289-295.] |
[33] | 杨永兴,杨玉娟,庞志平.数学模型辨析三江平原沼泽湿地形成、发育的主要生态环境因子的研究[C]//陈宜瑜.中国湿地研究.长春:吉林科学技术出版社,1995,118-123 |
[6] |
Moreno-Mateos D, Mander U, Comin F A et al. Relationships between landscape pattern, wetland characteristics, and water quality in agricultural catchments[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2008, 37(6): 2170-2180.
doi: 10.2134/jeq2007.0591 pmid: 18948470 |
[7] | Bai Junhong, Lu Qiongqiong, Wang Junjing et al. Landscape pattern evolution processes of alpine wetlands and their driving factors in the Zoige Plateau of China[J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2013, 10(1): 54-67. |
[33] | .[Yang Yongxing,Yang Yujuan,Pang Zhiping.A study on the main ecological environmental factors of the formation and development of the marsh wetlands in Sanjiang plain,based on mathematical model.Wetland research in China. Changchun:Jilin Science and Technology Press,1995,118-123.] |
[34] | 刘吉平,李艾玉,田学智,等.三江平原孤立湿地的形成及主要类型[J].湿地科学, 2014,12(2): 141-147. |
[8] | 邓伟,白军红.典型湿地系统格局演变与水生态过程:以黄淮海地区为例[M].北京:科学出版社,2012. |
[Deng Wei, Bai Junhong.Pattern evolution of typical wetland system and Hydro-ecological Processes,for Huang-Huai-Hai Region of China.Beijing:Science Press,2012.] | |
[9] | 荣子容, 王其翔, 马安青. 黄河三角洲湿地景观格局变化特征研究[J]. 中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版, 2013, 43(3): 81-85. |
[Rong Zirong, Wang Qixiang, Ma Anqing.Research on the characteristic of Landscape-Patterns in wetland of Yellow River delta using RS and GIS. Periodical of Ocean University of China, 2013, 43(3): 81-85.] | |
[10] |
宫兆宁, 张翼然, 宫辉力, 等. 北京湿地景观格局演变特征与驱动机制分析[J]. 地理学报, 2011, 66(1): 77-88.
doi: 10.11821/xb201101008 |
[Gong Zhaoning, Zhang Yiran, Gong Huili et al. Evolution of wetland landscape pattern and its driving factors in Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011, 66(1): 77-88.]
doi: 10.11821/xb201101008 |
|
[11] |
刘吉平, 赵丹丹, 田学智, 等. 1954-2010年三江平原土地利用景观格局动态变化及驱动力[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(12): 3234-3244.
doi: 10.5846/stxb201306101639 |
[Liu Jiping, Zhao Dandan, Tian Xuezhi et al. Landscape pattern dynamics and driving forces analysis in the Sanjiang Plain from 1954 to 2010. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(12): 3234-3244.]
doi: 10.5846/stxb201306101639 |
|
[12] | 李慧颖, 李晓燕, 贾明明, 等. 2013年三江平原北部洪水对沼泽湿地景观的影响[J]. 湿地科学, 2015, 13(3): 344-349. |
[Li Huiying, Li Xiaoyan, Jia Mingming et al. Impacts of summer flood occurred in North of sanjiang plain in 2013 on landscape of marshes. Wetland Science, 2015, 13(3): 344-349.] | |
[13] | 刘康, 闫家国, 邹雨璇, 等. 黄河三角洲盐地碱蓬盐沼的时空分布动态[J]. 湿地科学, 2015, 13(6): 696-701. |
[Liu Kang, Yan Jiaguo, Zou Yuxuan et al. Dynamics of spatial and temporal distribution of suaeda salsa salt marshes in the Yellow River delta. Wetland Science, 2015, 13(6): 696-701.] | |
[14] | Jalas J.Hemerobe und hemerochore pflanzenarten Ein terminologischer Reformversuch[J]. Acta Soc.Fauna Flora Fenn, 1955, 72: 1-15. |
[15] | 肖翠, 解雪峰, 吴涛, 等. 浙江西门岛湿地景观格局与人为干扰度动态变化[J]. 应用生态学报, 2014, 25(11): 3255-3262. |
[Xiao Cui, Xie Xuefeng, Wu Tao et al. Dynamic changes of landscape pattern and hemeroby in Ximen Island wetland, Zhejiang Province, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2014, 25(11): 3255-3262.] | |
[16] | 陈鹏,傅世锋,文超祥,等.1989-2010年间厦门湾滨海湿地人为干扰影响评价及景观响应.应用海洋学学报[J],2014,33(2):167-173. |
[Chen Peng,Fu Shifeng,Wen Chaoxiang et al. Assessment of impact on coastal wetland of Xiamen Bay and response of landscape pattern from human disturbance from 1989 to 2010.Journal of Applied Oceanography,2014,33(2):167-173.] | |
[17] |
孙永光, 赵冬至, 吴涛, 等. 河口湿地人为干扰度时空动态及景观响应——以大洋河口为例[J]. 生态学报, 2012, 32(12): 3645-3655.
doi: 10.5846/stxb201112061865 |
[Sun Yongguang, Zhao Dongzhi, Wu Tao et al. Temporal and spatial dynamic changes and landscape pattern response of Hemeroby in Dayang estuary of Liaoning Province, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2012, 32(12): 3645-3655.]
doi: 10.5846/stxb201112061865 |
|
[18] |
李继红, 胡庆磊. 基于生态干扰度的宝清县湿地景观动态分析[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2013, 28(5): 154-159, 194.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2013.05.30 |
[Li Jihong, Hu Qinglei.Dynamic appraisals of landscape pattern in baoqing county wetland based on eco-disturbance degree. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2013, 28(5): 154-159, 194.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7461.2013.05.30 |
|
[19] | 陈爱莲, 朱博勤, 陈利顶, 等. 双台河口湿地景观及生态干扰度的动态变化[J]. 应用生态学报, 2010, 21(5): 1120-1128. |
[Chen Ailian, Zhu Boqin, Chen Liding et al. Dynamic changes of landscape pattern and eco-disturbance degree in Shuangtai estuary wet land of Liaoning Province,China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2010, 21(5): 1120-1128.] | |
[20] |
Gong Peng, Niu Zhenguo, Cheng Xiao et al. China’s wetland change (1990-2000) determined by remote sensing[J]. Science China (Earth Sciences), 2010, 53(7): 1036-1042.
doi: 10.1007/s11430-010-4002-3 |
[21] |
Song Kaishan, Wang Zongming, Du Jia et al. Wetland degradation: its driving forces and environmental impacts in the Sanjiang Plain, China[J]. Environmental Management, 2014, 54(2): 255-271.
doi: 10.1007/s00267-014-0278-y pmid: 24844462 |
[22] |
Liu Hongyu, Zhang Shikui, Li Zhaofu et al. Impacts on wetlands of large-scale land-use changes by agricultural development: the Small Sanjiang Plain, China[J]. Ambio, 2004, 33(6): 306-310.
doi: 10.1579/0044-7447-33.6.306 pmid: 15387064 |
[23] | Wang Zongming, Song Kaishan, Ma Wenhong et al. Loss and fragmentation of marshes in the Sanjiang plain,Northeast China,1954-2005[J]. Wetland, 2011, 31(5): 945-954. |
[24] |
张玲玲, 赵永华, 殷莎, 等. 基于移动窗口法的岷江干旱河谷景观格局梯度分析[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(12): 3276-3284.
doi: 10.5846/stxb201310312639 |
[Zhang Lingling, Zhao Yonghua, Yan Sha et al. Gradient analysis of dry valley of Minjiang River landscape pattern, based on moving window method. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(12): 3276-3284.]
doi: 10.5846/stxb201310312639 |
|
[25] |
李栋科, 丁圣彦, 梁国付, 等. 基于移动窗口法的豫西山地丘陵地区景观异质性分析[J]. 生态学报, 2014, 34(12): 3414-3424.
doi: 10.5846/stxb201310282595 |
[Li Dongke, Ding Shengyan, Liang Guofu et al. Landscape heterogeneity of mountainous and hilly area in the western Henan Province based on moving window method. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(12): 3414-3424.]
doi: 10.5846/stxb201310282595 |
|
[34] | [Liu Jiping,Li Aiyu,Tian Xuezhi et al.Formation and Main Types of Isolated Wetlands in Sanjiang Plain.Wetland Science,2014,12(2):141-147.] |
[26] | 刘吉平, 吕宪国, 崔炜炜. 别拉洪河流域湿地变化的多尺度空间自相关分析[J]. 水科学进展, 2010, 21(3): 392-398. |
[1] | 蒙吉军, 江颂, 拉巴卓玛, 张维佳. 基于景观格局的黑河中游土地利用冲突时空分析[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(9): 1553-1562. |
[2] | 张扬, 刘艳芳, 刘以. 武汉市不透水地表时空格局分析[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(12): 1917-1924. |
[3] | 谭雪兰, 周国华, 朱苏晖, 欧聪. 长沙市农村居民点景观格局变化及地域分异特征研究[J]. 地理科学, 2015, 35(2): 203-209. |
[4] | 谭雪兰, 周国华, 朱苏晖, 欧聪. 长沙市农村居民点景观格局变化及地域分异特征研究[J]. 地理科学, 2015, 35(2): 204-210. |
[5] | 廖芳均, 赵东升. 南岭国家级自然保护区森林景观格局变化与动态模拟[J]. 地理科学, 2014, 34(9): 1099-1107. |
[6] | 吴箐, 李宇. 土地经济生态位变化下的城乡空间景观格局表征——以广东省惠州市为例[J]. 地理科学, 2014, 34(6): 705-710. |
[7] | 张军以, 王腊春, 苏维词. 西南喀斯特山区峰丛洼地农业生产活动的生态景观效应探讨[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(4): 497-504. |
[8] | 李文杰, 乌铁红, 李晓佳, 加力戈. 内蒙古希拉穆仁草原旅游地景观格局动态变化[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(3): 307-313. |
[9] | 谢余初, 巩杰, 王合领, 孙朋, 钱大文. 绿洲城市不同道路扩展轴的景观梯度变化对比研究[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(12): 1434-1441. |
[10] | 范强, 杨俊, 吴楠, 马占东. 海岸旅游小镇景观格局演变与动态模拟——以大连市金石滩国家旅游度假区为例[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(12): 1467-1475. |
[11] | 祝善友, 张桂欣, 刘莹. 苏州下垫面格局演变及其局地热环境效应[J]. 地理科学, 2012, 32(7): 859-865. |
[12] | 王永丽, 于君宝, 董洪芳, 栗云召, 周迪, 付玉芹, 韩广轩, 毛培利. 黄河三角洲滨海湿地的景观格局空间演变分析[J]. 地理科学, 2012, 32(6): 717-724. |
[13] | 周德成, 赵淑清, 朱超. 退耕还林还草工程对中国北方农牧交错区土地利用/覆被变化的影响——以科尔沁左翼后旗为例[J]. 地理科学, 2012, 32(4): 442-449. |
[14] | 陈颖彪, 李雁, 千庆兰, 郭冠华. 基于TM数据的广州市番禺区土地覆被格局分析[J]. 地理科学, 2012, 32(4): 458-463. |
[15] | 何丹, 金凤君, 周璟. 基于Logistic-CA-Markov的土地利用景观格局变化——以京津冀都市圈为例[J]. 地理科学, 2011, 31(8): 903-910. |
|