青弋江上游泾县段阶地砾石层砾组结构及其沉积环境研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.06.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对青弋江上游泾县段阶地砾石层进行砾组分析,讨论阶地砾石层的沉积环境及其对青弋江发育的启示。结果表明：① 砾径以中砾和粗砾为主,砾石沉积时水动力条件较强,流速基本为2 m/s左右,最大可达到3.5 m/s,特别是T3砾石层形成时期;② 砾向在T3和T2砾石层形成时期分别为南南西（SSW）和南西西（SWW）方向,古流向变化不大,呈自南而北的基本流向;③ 砾态以次圆和圆为主,其总含量超过70%,较高的磨圆度暗示砾石经历了较远距离的搬运;④ 砾性主要有石英砂岩、砂岩、脉石英和石英岩,其总含量达到90%以上,且砾石物源区变化不显著;⑤ T2砾石层和T1砾石层是典型的河流沉积,而T3砾石层可能是河流沉积和泥石流沉积叠加作用的产物,并且T3砾石层的沉积特征对于分析古青弋江的发育有一定的启示作用。

关键词: 青弋江, 阶地, 砾石层, 砾组分析, 泾县

Abstract:

Through the analysis of the gravel fabric of terrace gravel layers to the upper Qingyijiang River at Jingxian County, this article tries to discuss the sedimentary environments of terrace gravel layers and its indicative effect on the development of the Qingyijiang River at Jingxian County. The Qingyijiang River Basin is located in southern of Anhui Province, issuing from the northern fringe of Huangshan Mountain, is an important tributary of lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Field investigation focuses on a natural outcrop along the upper reaches of the Qingyijiang River at Jingxian County, where a well-preserved sequence of three gravel layers of river terraces is present. These gravel layers are generally 4-6 m in thickness, overlying by about 2-5 m red clay. The results show that: 1) The gravels are mainly medium and coarse in diameter, and the hydrodynamic conditions are strong in the formation periods of terrace gravel layers when the mean velocity of river is about 2 m/s while the maximum velocity can be up to 3.5 m/s, especially in the formation periods of T3 terrace gravel layer; 2) The gravel orientations in T3 terrace gravel layer and T2 terrace gravel layer are 191° and 250°, pointing to the SSW direction and SWW direction, respectively. The paleocurrent of the Qingyijiang River at Jingxian County shows little change from the formation period of T3 terrace gravel layer to that of T2 terrace gravel layer, being similar to the present current which flows from south to north; 3) The gravels are mainly sub-round or round in shape, and the total content of such gravels is more than 70% in each terrace gravel layer. The roundness of terrace gravel layers is good, implying that these gravels should be transported over a long distance from its provenances; 4) The terrace gravel layers contain mainly quartz sandstone, sandstone, vein quartz and quartzite, and the total content of such gravels is up to 90% in each terrace gravel layer, showing that the change of the provenances is not significant; 5) The gravel layers of T2 terrace and T1 terrace are typical fluvial sediments, while the gravel layer of T3 terrace might be a product of the superimposition between the debris flow deposit and river deposit, and the sedimentary characteristics of the T3 terrace gravel layer might potentially has some indicating functions on the analysis of the development of the Qingyijiang River to some extent.

Key words: the Qingyijiang River, river terrace, gravel layer, gravel fabric analysis, Jingxian County

中图分类号:

P931.1

胡春生, 吴立, 杨立辉. 青弋江上游泾县段阶地砾石层砾组结构及其沉积环境研究[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(6): 951-958.

Chunsheng Hu, Li Wu, Lihui Yang. Gravel Fabric and Sedimentary Environment of Terrace Gravel Layers of the Upper Qingyijiang River at Jingxian County[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(6): 951-958.

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剖面	平均砾径（cm）	最大砾径（cm）	平均a轴（cm）	最大a轴（cm）	分选系数 S₀
T0	4.22	10.78	6.47	19	1.26
T1-1	3.11	7.23	4.85	14	1.31
T1-2	3.53	7.94	5.40	13	1.37
T2-1	4.04	8.88	6.42	15	1.36
T2-2	4.19	7.96	6.60	14	1.19
T3-1	3.02	4.70	4.61	6.50	1.16
T3-2	5.65	25.87	8.70	33	1.43
T3-3	2.67	4.88	4.65	9	1.25
T3-4	5.98	17.67	8.66	33	1.78

剖面	测点数量（个）	a轴走向（°）	ab面倾向（°）	倾角（°）	最大倾角（°）	古水流来向
T2	25	260±	250±	22±	40	SWW
T3	21	206±	191±	28±	48	SSW

剖面	次棱（%）	次圆（%）	圆（%）	极圆（%）
T0	5.41	39.19	40.54	14.86
T1	8.53	40.31	31.78	19.38
T2	4.71	51.76	25.88	17.65
T3	18.82	38.61	32.67	9.90

剖面	脉石英（%）	石英砂岩（%）	砂岩（%）	石英岩（%）	燧石（%）	石灰岩（%）	花岗岩（%）
T1	13.28	50.78	22.66	4.69	6.25	0	2.34
T2	8.86	36.71	41.77	6.33	2.53	3.80	0
T3	7.69	46.15	34.63	7.69	1.92	1.92	0