基于农户调研的中国农村居民点空心化程度研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.07.010

地理科学 ›› 2016, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (7): 1043-1049.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.07.010

基于农户调研的中国农村居民点空心化程度研究

宇林军¹(), 孙大帅², 张定祥³(), 郑博², 韩乐然², 宇振荣²

1. 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所, 北京 100101
2. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院, 北京 100083
3. 中国土地勘测规划院, 北京 100035

收稿日期:2015-07-23 修回日期:2015-10-13 出版日期:2016-07-20 发布日期:2016-07-20
作者简介:
作者简介：宇林军（1981-）,男,河北张家口人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事地理空间模拟与分析。E-mail:yulj0520@radi.ac.cn
基金资助:
“十二五”土地资源调查评价——土地基础数据库整合集成与共享平台建设项目（DCPJ131707-01）、中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所所长青年基金资助项目（Y5SJ1100CX）资助

Rural Household Survey Based Analysis of Hollowing of Rural Residential Land in China

Linjun Yu¹(), Dashuai Sun², Dingxiang Zhang³(), Bo Zheng², Leran Han², Zhenrong Yu²

1.Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
2. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China
3. Chinese Land Surveying and Planning Institute, Beijing 100035, China

Received:2015-07-23 Revised:2015-10-13 Online:2016-07-20 Published:2016-07-20
Supported by:
“The Twelfth Five-Year Plan” Land Resource Survey and Evaluation—Integration of Basic Land Database and Construction of Sharing Platform (DCPJ131707-01),Youth Foundation of Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, CAS(Y5SJ1100CX)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于中国范围的乡村人居环境调研数据,分析了中国农村宅基地空心现象。结果表明：① 中国农村宅基地空心化严重,93.5%的调研村庄有空心化现象,平均空心化率达到10.2%。② 省域农村宅基地空心化差异明显,其中华北、华东、华中地区普遍较高;③ 多种因素导致农村宅基地空心化,认为是“外出务工”、“户口迁移”、“房屋年久失修”及“一户多宅” 的受访者分别占39.94%,19.51%,25.73%和14.82%。④ 中国农村空心化宅基地再利用潜力巨大,但再利用难度大,需要从改革城乡二元体制和乡村空间重构的角度进行空心村整治。

关键词: 农村居民点, 农村宅基地, 空心村, 农户调研, 城镇化, 农村人口迁移

Abstract:

As urbanization in China has increased rapidly in recent decades, large numbers of people have moved from rural areas to urban areas in China. As a result, a great number of rural residential land are abandoned or inefficiently used, which becomes a serious problem in China. Based on the data from a nationwide rural ecological landscape survey, called “thousand villages survey”, this study analyzes the status, change modes, causes and the reuse potential of hollowing of rural residential land. Major conclusions of this study are as following: 1) Village-hollowing has been a universal phenomenon in China rural areas, where 93.5% villages have this phenomenon. The average hollowing rate of rural residential land of the surveyed villages is about 10.2%, and 14.9% rural residential land is inefficiently utilized. Therefore, village-hollowing now becomes a great challenge to rural development. 2) The hollowing rate of rural residential land varies significantly across space, where villages in north central and eastern China usually have higher hollowing rates. Therefore, it is an urgent demand to formulate regionally differentiated management and reutilization solutions of rural settlement. 3) There are many reasons related to village hollowing. The survey shows that 39.94% surveyed people believe that rural labor migration is the major reason to village hollowing. 19.51% surveyed people accuse the reason to urbanization of rural people. 25.73% surveyed people think dilapidated houses lead to village hollowing and 14.82% surveyed people trend to believe “One household, multiple housing lands” cause village hollowing. 4) It is large of potential to reuse the idle and abandoned rural housing land to meet future residential land demands from newly increased rural population, although it’s difficult and costly. The survey shows that rural people have strong wills to reutilize the hollowing rural residential land. 34.22% surveyed people choose to change the hollowed rural residential land to public green space. 14.45% and 13.08% surveyed people believe that the hollowed rural residential land should be changed into cultivated land and forest land. Therefore, policy makers should pay more attentions to following three aspects, including improving regulatory and policy for rural residential land management, strengthening the village planning and promoting the construction of beautiful country, and making feasible and differentiated rural residential land reuse schemes. Regional differences of man-earth relationship should be considered in future differential recycling schemes of rural residential land use. However, the abandoned and idle rural residential land are usually scattered in rural resident areas, which make it is difficult to renovate them into farmland in large-scale. Therefore, more attention should be paid to rural settlement planning and improvement of rural living environment.

Key words: rural residential land, rural housing land, village-hollowing, rural household survey, urbanization, rural population migration

中图分类号:

F301.2

宇林军, 孙大帅, 张定祥, 郑博, 韩乐然, 宇振荣. 基于农户调研的中国农村居民点空心化程度研究[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(7): 1043-1049.

Linjun Yu, Dashuai Sun, Dingxiang Zhang, Bo Zheng, Leran Han, Zhenrong Yu. Rural Household Survey Based Analysis of Hollowing of Rural Residential Land in China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2016, 36(7): 1043-1049.

图/表 4

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区域	包括省份	调研村庄合计	占总数比例（%）
东北、内蒙古	黑龙江省、吉林省、辽宁省、内蒙古自治区	267	24.1
华北	北京市、天津市、河北省、山西省	205	18.5
华东	山东省、江苏省、浙江省、福建省、安徽省	265	23.9
华中、华南	江西省、河南省、湖北省、湖南省、广西壮族自治区	241	21.8
西北、西南	甘肃省、陕西省、新疆维吾尔族自治区、青海省、宁夏回族自治区、四川省、贵州省、云南省、重庆市	129	11.7
合计		1107	100

区域	问卷占总数比例	各地区空心率	各省低效利用宅基地比重
东北+内蒙古	24.12	6.48	19.11
华北	18.61	8.39	10.5
华东	23.85	12.19	9.25
华中+华南	21.77	14.67	20.01
西南+西北	11.65	8.24	15.46

地形区	个数（个）	最小（%）	最大（%）	平均值（%）	标准差
平地区	698	0.00	76.92	9.73	12.40
坡地区	409	0.00	70.00	11.50	13.44

基于农户调研的中国农村居民点空心化程度研究

Rural Household Survey Based Analysis of Hollowing of Rural Residential Land in China

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