基于生境质量的城市增长边界研究——以长三角地区为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.01.004

地理科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 28-36.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.01.004

基于生境质量的城市增长边界研究——以长三角地区为例

吴健生^1,²(), 毛家颖¹(), 林倩³, 李嘉诚^1,⁴

1.北京大学深圳研究生院城市规划与设计学院城市人居环境科学与技术重点实验室,广东深圳 518055
2.北京大学城市与环境学院地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室,北京 100871
3.宁波市城乡规划研究中心,浙江宁波 315040
4.深圳市城市规划设计研究院城市发展与土地政策研究所,广东深圳 518028

收稿日期:2016-02-23 修回日期:2016-05-26 出版日期:2017-01-15 发布日期:2017-01-15
作者简介:
作者简介：吴健生（1965-）,男,湖南新化人,教授,博导,主要从事城市化与生态环境研究。E-mail: wujs@pkusz.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金（41330747）资助

Urban Growth Boundary Based on the Evaluation of Habitat Quality:Taking the Yangtze River Delta as an Example

Jiansheng Wu^1,²(), Jiaying Mao¹(), Qian Lin³, Jiacheng Li^1,⁴

1.Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
2.Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Ministry of Education, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
3.Ningbo Urban-Rural Planning Research Center, Ningbo 315040, Zhejiang, China
4.Department of Urban Development and Land Policy, Urban Planning & Design Institute of Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518028, Guangdong, China;

Received:2016-02-23 Revised:2016-05-26 Online:2017-01-15 Published:2017-01-15
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41330747).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于“生态优先”理念,提出一种利用生境质量评估策略的城市增长边界划定方法。结合ArcGIS和InVEST模型,通过综合评估生境自身及其在威胁情境下的质量,模拟各市独立规划、建设用地指标再分配及区域一体化发展的三类建设用地扩张情景,分别划定2024和2034年的长三角地区城市增长边界。结果表明：研究区生境质量总体呈南高北低格局,平均生态系统服务价值密度为10 770.604元/（hm²·a）,高质生境位于西南地区;根据指标再分配及一体化发展情景模拟的2024年研究区建设用地总量分别为10 583.273 km2和10 489.090 km2,2034年达到13 603.535 km2和13 252.370 km2;模拟的建设用地集中在东部沿海地区,并向北部及环杭州湾区域拓展;建设用地指标再分配能从整体上减少建设用地对优质生境的占用,区域一体化发展则能进一步降低城市发展造成的生态压力。

关键词: 城市增长边界, 生境质量, 生态系统服务, 长三角地区, InVEST模型

Abstract:

The world’s natural ecosystem provides products of 15 trillion pounds annually, but with the universal urban expansion caused by economic development, ecological balance is gradually disrupted. Therefore, it’s critical to maintain ecosystem stability in the identification of urban growth boundary, which is regarded as an effective tool to control urban sprawl. However, very few methods, currently, have taken ecosystem into their account. With the concept that “ecology goes first”, this article put forward a method to identify the urban growth boundary based on the evaluation of habitat quality. Using the platform of ArcGIS and InVEST model, two aspects of habitat quality were considered in the assessment: the quality of habitat itself and the quality under threats. As a representative of the former quality, ecosystem service value of each cell was calculated. As to the latter one, InVEST model was used to assess cells’ threatened degree. In the prediction of the amount of future construction land, three scenarios were developed. The first scenario was based on the assumption that cities had separate development and urban planning. The second scenario assumed that in spite of the separate planning, it’s possible to conduct the redistribution of construction land index. The third scenario ignored the boundaries of administrative jurisdiction and regarded the study area as a single. By selecting districts with lower habitat quality as construction land, the simulated urban growth boundary of the Yangtze River Delta in 2024 and 2034 were determined. The conclusions showed that habitat quality in the south of the Yangtze River Delta was overall higher than that in the north and the average density of ecosystem service values was 10 770.6 yuan/(hm2?yr). Habitat with higher quality was located in the southwest area, while the lower one was in the eastern district and Round Hangzhou Bay. By 2024, the predicted quantity of construction land have been to 10 583.27 km2 (scenario 1 and 2) and 10 489.09 km2 (scenario 3), and then have been to 13 603.53 km2 (scenario 1 and 2) and 13 252.37 km2 (scenario 3) by 2034. East coastal area would be the center of construction land, and the northern districts and Round Hangzhou Bay were considered to be the main expansion area. In order to avoid the occupation of construction land on habitats with higher quality as a whole, 9 cities were classified as emigration region of construction land index, and 5 cities were categorized as immigration area, and the left 2 cities were transition regions. Moreover, regional integration of the Yangtze River Delta could also helpfully mollify the contradictions between urban development and ecological protection. Policy recommendations on the identification of urban growth boundary were proposed at the end, while possible innovations and inadequacies of this article were also concluded.

Key words: urban growth boundary, habitat quality, ecosystem service, the Yangtze River Delta, InVEST model

中图分类号:

F292

吴健生, 毛家颖, 林倩, 李嘉诚. 基于生境质量的城市增长边界研究——以长三角地区为例[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(1): 28-36.

Jiansheng Wu, Jiaying Mao, Qian Lin, Jiacheng Li. Urban Growth Boundary Based on the Evaluation of Habitat Quality:Taking the Yangtze River Delta as an Example[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(1): 28-36.

图/表 5

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威胁源	权重	敏感度				最大影响距离（km）
威胁源	权重	耕地		林地	草地	水域
建设用地	1	0.4	0.75	0.45	0.8	10
铁路	0.8	0.3	0.65	0.25	0.65	3
主要公路	1	0.2	0.55	0.15	0.55	5
次要公路	0.6	0.1	0.45	0.1	0.45	1
港口	1	0.4	0.8	0.45	0.8	10
航道	0.8	0.2	0.7	0.25	0.7	3

情景	区域	2024年城市建设用地需求量（km2）	2034年城市建设用地需求量（km2）	情景	区域	2024年城市建设用地需求量（km2）	2034年城市建设用地需求量（km2）
情景一	上海	2864.578	3772.177	情景一	无锡	609.556	745.237
	杭州	865.583	1097.031		常州	411.636	506.986
	南京	831.589	1025.493		镇江	254.929	298.485
	宁波	736.942	961.495		苏州	1238.989	1881.625
	舟山	94.939	116.762		扬州	334.810	381.189
	嘉兴	378.285	496.456		泰州	350.377	400.938
	绍兴	387.417	477.447		南通	562.589	645.837
	湖州	215.216	262.478	情景二	长三角地区	10583.273	13603.535
	台州	445.837	533.898	情景三	长三角地区	10489.090	13252.370

基于生境质量的城市增长边界研究——以长三角地区为例

Urban Growth Boundary Based on the Evaluation of Habitat Quality:Taking the Yangtze River Delta as an Example

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