城市门户性与中国门户群研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.03.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于职能与区位二元视角,构建综合评价指标体系,对2014年中国地级以上城市的门户性、门户等级体系、门户群以及门户城市的空间结构与意象进行研究,结果表明：① 中国城市门户性在地带性尺度上呈“东中西”三级递减空间格局,东部地区门户城市空间集群趋势明显,中部、西部地区缺乏明显的高值集群。② 中国门户城市划分为4个等级,高等级门户沿海、沿江、沿边指向性明显,低等级门户广泛分布于中、西部内陆地区。③ 中国门户城市可划分为辽东半岛、京津秦唐、山东半岛、长江三角洲、海峡西岸和珠江三角洲六大门户群,六大门户群的腹地范围差异较大且区域分工明显。

关键词: 城市, 门户性, 等级体系, 门户群, 门户结构, 中国

Abstract:

Under the background of economic globalization, gateway cities has become the sink and jointing area of all kinds of flow, the nodes of world as well as the control center of economic system. Gateway cities play a substantial role in socioeconomic exchanges between neighboring countries and regions. In recent years, our country has been implementing the Belt and Road Initiative actively. The “Belt and Road Initiative” is and will continue to be an overall strategy of China’s all round opening-up for a long time into the future. It targets at enabling the countries along the Belt and Road to achieve economic policy coordination and carry out broader, deeper, and more efficient economic cooperation. In this process, gateway cities play an important role. So it is very meaningful to analyze the gateway property and gateway-city groups of China. From the perspective of function and location, taking 343 prefecture cities of Chinese mainland as examples, this article constructs the coupling evaluation index system about gateway city property. The evaluation system mainly contains four aspects: scale, installation level, convenience and external dependence. The main conclusions of this study are as follows: Firstly, geographically, the gateway city property indexes of China progressively diminish in scale from eastern to central and western China. There are four high value cluster in eastern region, and they are Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan area, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Shandong Peninsula. But there is no obvious high value cluster in the middle western areas of China. And the gateway functions, location conditions and regional spatial structure are the main factors influencing gateway city property distribution. Secondly, based on the chart criterion and K-means cluster, we can divided all gateway cities into four grades. The number of each grade is 10, 25,70 and 238. High grade gateway cities tend to distribute along the river and coast. Lower grade gateway cities are widely distributed in the middle and west inland. Thirdly, based on the above research, we mark out 6 gateway-city groups of China, and we identified the hinterland range of them by using the field model. The hinterland range of every gateway-city groups are variable in scale, and they have formed obvious regional specialization. Lastly, we combed the relationship between the gateway city property and China's open system, and we find that they influence each other. Besides, we refined the structural figure for the main gateway of China in new period. We hope our research can provide a comprehensive measure system to measure the gateway function of city and a new perspective to cognitive the structure features of Chinese urban system.

Key words: city, gateway property, hierarchy, gateway-city groups, gateway pattern, China

中图分类号:

K901

王毅, 陈娱, 陆玉麒, 车冰清, 丁正山, 余茂军. 城市门户性与中国门户群研究[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(3): 331-338.

Yi Wang, Yu Chen, Yuqi Lu, Bingqing Che, Zhengshan Ding, Maojun Yu. Analysis on the Gateway Property and Gateway-city Groups of China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(3): 331-338.

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系统层	子系统层	权重	指标层（单位）	权重
城市门户性综合测度体系	门户规模	0.2	城市经济总量（万元）	0.5
	门户规模	0.2	城市常住人口（万人）	0.5
	门户设施水平	0.3	港口吞吐量（万t）	0.28
			对外开放口岸等级	0.4
			机场等级	0.17
			火车站等级	0.15
	门户便捷性	0.25	门户可达性	1
	门户对外依存度	0.25	进出口总额/GDP总额（%）	0.6
	门户对外依存度	0.25	实际利用外资/固定资产投资（%）	0.4

等级	门户性指数	城市数量	城市
一类门户	>0.49	10	上海、北京、深圳、苏州、天津、广州、厦门、东莞、大连、青岛
二类门户	>0.32,≤0.49	25	宁波、南京、重庆、武汉、郑州、无锡、杭州、成都、南宁、西安、乌鲁木齐、长沙、南通、连云港、福州、泉州、呼伦贝尔、呼和浩特、昆明、兰州、佛山、常州、珠海、烟台、惠州
三类门户	>0.26,≤0.32	70	秦皇岛、沈阳、唐山、徐州、济南、合肥、营口、锡林浩特、包头、潍坊、宜昌、洛阳、日照、嘉兴、石家庄、海口、崇左、九江等70个城市
四类门户	≤0.26	238	拉萨、淄博、德州、咸宁、绍兴等238个城市

门户群名称	核心门户城市	主要门户城市	腹地面积（km²）
辽东半岛	大连	营口、丹东、锦州、葫芦岛	1273429
京津秦唐	北京、天津	秦皇岛、唐山、沧州、廊坊	3503101
山东半岛	青岛	烟台、连云港、东营、日照	723573
长三角	上海、苏州	宁波、南京、无锡、常州、南通、杭州、湖州、嘉兴、绍兴、舟山等	2971688
海峡西岸	厦门	泉州、漳州	147498
珠三角	深圳、广州、东莞	佛山、惠州、江门、中山、珠海等	944829