北京城市居住和就业空间类型区分析

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.03.005

地理科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 356-366.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.03.005

北京城市居住和就业空间类型区分析

湛东升^1,^2,³(), 张文忠^1,²(), 孟斌⁴, 党云晓⁵, 刘倩倩^1,^2,³

1.中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京 100101
3. 中国科学院大学,北京 100049
4. 北京联合大学应用文理学院,北京 100191
5. 浙江财经大学土地与城乡发展研究院,浙江杭州 310018

收稿日期:2016-05-27 修回日期:2016-07-13 出版日期:2017-03-20 发布日期:2017-03-20
作者简介:
作者简介：湛东升（1987-）,男,安徽寿县人,博士研究生,主要从事宜居城市和城市空间结构研究。E-mail:zhands@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41230632)资助

Spatial Structure of Urban Residence and Employment in Beijing

Dongsheng Zhan^1,^2,³(), Wenzhong Zhang^1,²(), Bin Meng⁴, Yunxiao Dang⁵, Qianqian Liu^1,^2,³

1. Key Laboratory of Region Sustainable Development Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101,China
2. Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101,China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
4. College of Applied Arts and Science, Beijing Union University, Beijing 100191, China
5.Land and Urban-rural Development Institute, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics,Hangzhou 310018,China

Received:2016-05-27 Revised:2016-07-13 Online:2017-03-20 Published:2017-03-20
Supported by:
National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (41230632)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于2010年北京市工商企业登记数据和第六次人口普查数据,从分行业视角对北京市城区职住空间结构及其类型区特征进行详细实证分析。研究表明：北京市就业空间结构和居住空间结构均有3个主成分因子构成,其中就业空间结构包括综合服务业、流通地产服务业与二产、高科技产业等主因子,居住空间结构则由一般服务业、流通生活服务业与二产、科技和教育产业等主因子构成,且不同城市就业与居住空间主因子的空间关联强度存在差异。采用GIS分组分析方法可将北京城市居住和就业空间划分为5种类型区,即流通生活服务业与二产居住集中区、流通生活服务业与二产职住综合区、一般服务业职住综合区、职弱住强型科教优势区和职强住弱型科教优势区。分析发现,北京城市居住和就业空间结构形成主要受到历史力、市场力、政府力和个体力等因素共同作用。

关键词: 居住空间, 就业空间, 分组分析, 北京

Abstract:

The spatial structure of urban residence and employment is a classic topic in the geography and planning subject in that reasonable spatial structure can reduce spatial mismatch and improve urban livability of the city. However, limited studies have examined both residential and employment spatial structure together. Based on Beijing industry and commerce enterprise registration data and the sixth census data in 2010, we use factor ecological analysis method to evaluate urban residential and employment structure in Beijing and identify its area types from the perspective of various industries types. Results show that the spatial structures of employment and residence are both composed of three principal component factors in Beijing. The main factors of employment spatial structure include comprehensive services industry, circulation and real estate services, high-tech industries while residential spatial structure covers general services, circulation and consumer services, science technology and education industries as the main factors. In addition, there are obvious differences in spatial autocorrelation effect of each main factor. Residence and employment spatial forms in Beijing can be divided into 5 region types by grouping analysis method, that is residential clusters of the circulation and consumer services, compound types of the circulation and consumer services industries, compound types of general services, weak employment-strong residential compound types of science technology and education industries, strong employment-weak residential compound types of science technology and education industries. At last, we find that driving forces of spatial structure of urban residential and employment space in Beijing are related to history route dependence, market power, government forces and individual preference factor.

Key words: residential spatial structure, employment spatial structure, Grouping analysis, Beijing

中图分类号:

K901

湛东升, 张文忠, 孟斌, 党云晓, 刘倩倩. 北京城市居住和就业空间类型区分析[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(3): 356-366.

Dongsheng Zhan, Wenzhong Zhang, Bin Meng, Yunxiao Dang, Qianqian Liu. Spatial Structure of Urban Residence and Employment in Beijing[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(3): 356-366.

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行业类型	平均企业数（个）	标准差	地理集中度	平均从业人口（人）	标准差	地理集中度
制造业	174.43	181.91	12.50	486.57	492.57	12.32
建筑业	95.54	101.56	12.63	276.04	316.84	13.17
交通运输、仓储和邮政业	66.14	73.46	12.93	246.01	225.62	11.75
信息传输、计算机服务和软件业	85.04	120.64	15.01	254.79	334.77	14.28
批发和零售业	873.38	713.39	11.18	1061.49	1096.19	12.44
住宿和餐饮业	120.14	97.10	11.13	325.44	229.43	10.60
金融业	40.59	46.66	13.18	163.89	123.24	10.83
房地产业	125.43	103.14	11.21	197.9	155.34	11.01
租赁和商务服务业	590.53	614.32	12.49	289.44	213.83	10.77
科学研究、技术服务和地质勘查业	858.02	1069.40	13.82	201.20	215.42	12.68
水利、环境和公共设施管理业	17.25	14.56	11.33	53.88	48.26	11.62
居民服务和其他服务业	87.24	65.15	10.81	156	135.22	11.46
教育	50.73	40.06	11.03	238.44	236.49	12.19
卫生、社会保障和社会福利业	24.50	16.71	10.48	132.45	100.22	10.86
文化、体育和娱乐业	298.65	244.83	11.20	170.85	124.71	10.72
公共管理和社会组织	58.50	63.71	12.79	253.35	178.93	10.60

行业类型	就业F1	就业F2	就业F3
制造业		0.911
建筑业		0.927
交通运输、仓储和邮政业		0.806
信息传输、计算机服务和软件业			0.897
批发和零售业	0.548	0.698
住宿和餐饮业	0.885
金融业	0.884
房地产业	0.712	0.548
租赁和商务服务业	0.806
科学研究、技术服务和地质勘查业			0.905
水利、环境和公共设施管理业		0.783
居民服务和其他服务业	0.785
教育	0.639
卫生、社会保障和社会福利业	0.735
文化、体育和娱乐业	0.716
公共管理和社会组织	0.745
Z得分	9.394	6.922	10.413
显著性	0.000	0.000	0.000
特征根	10.518	1.837	1.224
贡献率	65.736%	11.484%	7.651%
Moran’s I值	0.469***	0.317***	0.500***

行业类型	居住F1	居住F2	居住F3
制造业		0.782
建筑业		0.863
交通运输、仓储和邮政业		0.878
信息传输、计算机服务和软件业			0.854
批发和零售业		0.83
住宿和餐饮业
金融业	0.869
房地产业	0.62	0.518
租赁和商务服务业	0.704
科学研究、技术服务和地质勘查业			0.716
水利、环境和公共设施管理业		0.742
居民服务和其他服务业		0.811
教育			0.814
卫生、社会保障和社会福利业	0.78
文化、体育和娱乐业	0.828
公共管理和社会组织	0.844
Z得分	7.719	6.168	11.897
显著性	0.000	0.000	0.000
特征根	9.954	2.157	1.029
方差贡献率	62.213%	13.478%	6.429%
Moran’s I值	0.392***	0.306***	0.575***

类别	街道数量(个)	项目	就业F1	就业F2	就业F3	居住F1	居住F2	居住F3
第一类	52	平均值	-0.680	-0.097	-0.248	-0.678	0.303	-0.166
		平方和均值	0.672	0.396	0.181	0.751	1.152	0.284
第二类	3	平均值	-0.156	5.171	-0.171	1.106	3.523	-0.426
		平方和均值	0.215	29.396	0.374	5.549	12.630	0.237
第三类	54	平均值	0.576	-0.185	-0.339	0.370	-0.389	-0.455
		平方和均值	1.501	0.379	0.200	0.979	0.310	0.237
第四类	17	平均值	0.158	0.004	0.605	0.438	-0.011	1.361
		平方和均值	0.735	0.131	1.629	1.056	0.803	4.483
第五类	7	平均值	0.290	-0.072	3.057	0.642	-0.725	1.623
		平方和均值	0.406	0.079	11.854	0.786	0.545	3.937

北京城市居住和就业空间类型区分析

Spatial Structure of Urban Residence and Employment in Beijing

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