地理科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 406-415.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.03.011
收稿日期:
2016-02-23
修回日期:
2016-06-10
出版日期:
2017-03-20
发布日期:
2017-03-20
作者简介:
作者简介:张琰飞(1983-),男,河南宝丰人,副教授,博士,研究方向为区域经济与旅游管理。E-mail:
基金资助:
Received:
2016-02-23
Revised:
2016-06-10
Online:
2017-03-20
Published:
2017-03-20
Supported by:
摘要:
构建DEA-Malmquist模型,实证分析中国31个省市区星级饭店2004~2014年技术效率的时空演化特征,通过TOBIT模型分析了技术效率的影响因素。结果显示:星级饭店的技术效率逐年提升,东部地区显著高于中西部地区;星级饭店全要素生产率整体有所提升,东部地区高于中西部地区;经济水平、旅游人次、产业结构和区域开放度等因素对星级饭店技术效率提升具有显著正向影响,而旅游收入、人口城镇化、基础设施和信息化则具有负向影响。针对新常态下星级饭店的效率问题,提出要提升饭店发展质量,切实提高技术效率,重视高新技术应用,持续优化饭店发展环境。
中图分类号:
张琰飞. 基于DEA-Malmquist模型的中国星级饭店经营效率时空演化研究[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(3): 406-415.
Yanfei Zhang. Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Star-rated Hotels’ Efficiency in China Based on DEA-Malmquist Model[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(3): 406-415.
表2
各时期星级饭店全要素生产率指数及其分解结果均值"
时段 | 技术效率 变化指数 | 技术进 步指数 | 纯技术效率变化指数 | 规模效率变化指数 | 全要素生产率指数 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
2004~2005 | 1.155 | 0.939 | 1.122 | 1.029 | 1.084 |
2005~2006 | 0.977 | 1.022 | 0.99 | 0.987 | 0.999 |
2006~2007 | 0.968 | 1.023 | 0.965 | 1.003 | 0.991 |
2007~2008 | 1.074 | 0.999 | 1.076 | 0.998 | 1.072 |
2008~2009 | 1.023 | 1.013 | 1.111 | 0.92 | 1.035 |
2009~2010 | 1.007 | 1.769 | 0.945 | 1.065 | 1.782 |
2010~2011 | 1.101 | 0.639 | 1.071 | 1.029 | 0.704 |
2011~2012 | 1.051 | 4.868 | 1.019 | 1.031 | 5.116 |
2012~2013 | 0.891 | 0.316 | 0.922 | 0.966 | 0.281 |
2013~2014 | 0.958 | 0.975 | 0.968 | 0.99 | 0.934 |
均值 | 1.018 | 1.053 | 1.017 | 1.001 | 1.072 |
表3
模型变量设置表"
模型 | 变量名称 | 计算方法 | 说明 | 符号 |
---|---|---|---|---|
自变量 | 技术效率 | DEA模型计算出的技术效率值 | TE | |
效率影 响因素 | 经济基础 | 人均GDP(元) | 人均GDP反映区域经济水平的可比性强 | PGDP |
旅游人次水平 | 国内旅游人次(万人次) | 国内旅游人次占区域旅游人次绝大部分 | NDT | |
旅游收入水平 | 国内旅游收入(亿元) | 国内旅游收入占区域旅游收入绝大部分 | DTE | |
产业结构 | 二、三产业增加值占区域GDP比例(%) | 二三产业是产业结构变化的主要标志 | RI | |
城镇化 | 人口城镇化率(%) | 城镇常住人口比例是城镇化主要标志 | UI | |
基础设施 | 等级公路密度(km/万km2) | 交通是区域基础设施改善的重要标志 | HWD | |
信息化 | 人均邮电业务总量(万元/万人) | 邮政、电信、网络等是信息化的重要标志 | PTV | |
开放程度 | 人均境内目的地和货源地进出口总额 (万元/万人) | 进出口反映区域参与国际市场交流的经营能力 | DIE |
表4
星级饭店技术效率TOBIT回归分析结果"
自变量 | 回归系数 | 标准误 | 95%下的系数置信区间 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PGDP | 4.22e-06 | 8.95e-07 | 4.71 | 0.000 | 2.46e-06 | 5.97e-06 |
NDT | 2.06e-06 | 1.14e-06 | 1.8 | 0.072 | -1.81e-07 | 4.29e-06 |
DTE | -0.0000519 | 0.0000139 | -3.74 | 0.000 | -0.0000791 | -0.0000247 |
RI | 0.0190399 | 0.0035538 | 5.36 | 0.000 | 0.0120746 | 0.0260051 |
UI | -0.0035399 | 0.0020840 | -1.7 | 0.089 | -0.0076246 | 0.0005447 |
HWD | -0.0003831 | 0.0001557 | -2.46 | 0.014 | -0.0006882 | -0.000078 |
PTV | -0.0000195 | 0.0000104 | -1.88 | 0.060 | -0.0000398 | 8.54e-07 |
DIE | 2.21e-06 | 7.43e-07 | 2.97 | 0.003 | 7.50e-07 | 3.66e-06 |
常数项 | -0.7759641 | 0.2717551 | -2.86 | 0.004 | -1.308594 | -0.2433339 |
整体方差 | 0.1116094 | 0.0168186 | 6.64 | 0.000 | 0.0786456 | 0.1445731 |
面板水平方差 | 0.0987128 | 0.0040085 | 24.63 | 0.000 | 0.0908563 | 0.1065693 |
总方差 | 0.5610886 | 0.0784423 | - | - | 0.406627 | 0.7066726 |
对数似然估计值 | 261.52349 | Wald chi2(8) | 110.28 | |||
Prob > chi2 | 0 |
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