新疆策勒沙漠-荒漠-绿洲典型下垫面小气候空间变化分析

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.04.017

地理科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 630-640.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.04.017

• 论文 • 上一篇

新疆策勒沙漠-荒漠-绿洲典型下垫面小气候空间变化分析

毛东雷^1,^2,³(), 蔡富艳⁴, 雷加强^2,³, 杨雪峰¹, 杨余辉¹, 薛杰^2,^3,⁵

1.新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院/新疆干旱区湖泊环境与资源重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830054
2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
3.新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,新疆和田 848300
4.乌鲁木齐职业大学应用工程学院,新疆乌鲁木齐 830002
5.中国科学院大学,北京 100049

收稿日期:2016-05-18 修回日期:2016-07-01 出版日期:2017-04-25 发布日期:2017-04-25
作者简介:
作者简介：毛东雷(1975-),男,新疆石河子人,博士,副教授,主要从事风沙地貌及荒漠化防治研究。E-mail:donglei6325@sina.com
基金资助:
新疆师范大学博士科研启动基金项目(XJNUBS1527)、新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2016I035)、国家自然科学基金（41601595,41661002,41661047）、新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室“新疆干旱区湖泊环境与资源实验室”基金(XJDX0909-2013-04)、新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项项目(201130106-1)资助

Spatial Analysis on Changes of Microclimate in Typical Landscapes in Desert-Wilderness-Oasis in Cele, Xinjiang

Donglei Mao^1,^2,³(), Fuyan Cai⁴, Jiaqiang Lei^2,³, Xuefeng Yang¹, Yuhui Yang¹, Jie Xue^2,^3,⁵

1.College of Geographical Science and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University/Xinjiang Laboratory of Lake Environment and Resources in Arid Zone, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang, China
2.Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
3.Cele National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-Grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang, Hotan 848300, Xinjiang, China
4.College of Application Engineering, Urumqi Vocational University, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
5.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2016-05-18 Revised:2016-07-01 Online:2017-04-25 Published:2017-04-25
Supported by:
Start-up Fund of Doctoral Research of Xinjiang Normal University (XJNUBS1527), Scientific Research Projects for Higher Educational Universities in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(XJEDU2016I035), National Natural Science Foundation of China (41601595,41661002,41661047),Fund of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Lake Environment and Resources Laboratory of Arid Zone (XJDX0909- 2013 -04), Special Major Science and Technology Projects in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (201130106-1)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用从2010年8月1日至2011年6月30日新疆策勒绿洲-荒漠过渡带及绿洲内部4个观测点的风速、大气相对湿度（RH）、温度、太阳辐射能、光合有效辐射（PAR）同步观测资料,分析了小气候差异并初步探讨产生差异的原因。结果表明：不同空间的下垫面性质对小气候影响明显不同。在8月,半固定沙地、固定沙地和绿洲内部与流沙地前沿相比,日平均风速在2 m高处分别依次降低了42.69%、50.71%和94.32%,日平均风速在10 m高处分别依次降低了7.94%、13.66%和59.59%,这表明植被覆盖度越大,防风阻沙效果越好。夏季植被能够降温增湿,冬季12月份,绿洲内部在0.5 m高处日平均温度依次高于流沙地、半固定沙地、固定沙地1.47℃、1.20℃、2.74℃。4个下垫面的PAR与太阳辐射能变化趋势基本一致,绿洲内部的PAR值相对最小,太阳辐射能在6月达到最高值。夏季晴天在20:00~09:00左右近地表层会出现逆温现象。冬季晴天白天午后易出现大于起沙风的阵风,从流沙前沿到绿洲内部气温逐渐升高,大气相对湿度先逐渐降低后增大。

关键词: 绿洲-沙漠过渡带, 小气候, 空间差异, 植被覆盖度, 策勒县

Abstract:

The comparison and analysis of the wind velocity, air temperature, relative humidity (RH), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and solar radiation at the four meteorological stations were made based on synchronous observation in oasis-desert ecotone and oasis in Cele from 1 August, 2010 to 30 June, 2011. The microclimate differences were analyzed and the reasons for variability were discussed preliminarily. The results show that during August, the daily wind velocity at the height of 2 m in semi-fixed sandy land, fixed sandy land and inner oasis was 42.69%, 50.71% and 94.32% less than that in shifting sandy land, wind velocity at the height of 4 m was 31.7%, 39.25% and 73.64% less than that in shifting sandy land, wind velocity at the height of 10 m was 7.94%, 13.66% and 59.59% less than that in shifting sandy land, which shows that the effects of wind prevention and sand resistance would be better with the increased vegetation cover. The air temperature can be slowed down and the humidity would be increased by plants. In December, the daily temperature at the height of 0.5 m in oasis was higher than shifting sandy land, semi-fixed sandy land and fixed sandy land by 1.47℃, 1.2℃ and 2.74℃. The changing trends for PAR and solar radiation are basically agree in the four landscape types, PAR is the smallest in oasis in four sites, solar radiation was highest in June. In a fine day in summer, there is a phenomenon by temperature inversion near the ground surface between 20:00 and 09:00 at night. In a fine day in winter, gust wind more than sand-driving wind is more likely to arise after the noon in the day. The air temperature decreased gradually from shifting sandy land to oasis, while the PAR first increased and then decreased gradually.

Key words: oasis-desert ecotone, microclimate, spatial difference, vegetation coverage, Cele County

中图分类号:

P463.2

毛东雷, 蔡富艳, 雷加强, 杨雪峰, 杨余辉, 薛杰. 新疆策勒沙漠-荒漠-绿洲典型下垫面小气候空间变化分析[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(4): 630-640.

Donglei Mao, Fuyan Cai, Jiaqiang Lei, Xuefeng Yang, Yuhui Yang, Jie Xue. Spatial Analysis on Changes of Microclimate in Typical Landscapes in Desert-Wilderness-Oasis in Cele, Xinjiang[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(4): 630-640.

图/表 11

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站点	海拔高度(m)	植被状况	地貌特征
No.1	1339	柽柳、盐生草,覆盖度3%	流沙地,地势较平坦,分布有柽柳沙堆
No.2	1352	柽柳、骆驼刺、花花柴,覆盖度27%	半固定沙地,地势起伏较大,有柽柳沙堆分布
No.3	1356	骆驼刺、盐生草,覆盖度67%	固定沙地,地势较平坦
No.4	1371	棉花（Gossypium spp）、石榴（Punica granatum）,覆盖度80%以上	绿洲内部,为平沙地

新疆策勒沙漠-荒漠-绿洲典型下垫面小气候空间变化分析

Spatial Analysis on Changes of Microclimate in Typical Landscapes in Desert-Wilderness-Oasis in Cele, Xinjiang

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