地方因素对流动人口城市融入的影响研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.07.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用东部和中部地区9个城市的流动人口问卷调查,采用多水平回归模型,分析了城市差异对流动人口城市融入的影响机制。研究发现：流动人口城市融入过程存在南北差异,并呈相同地域较接近的特征。城市区位、经济发展水平、以房租为代表的物价水平、以方言为主的地域文化、流动人口占比,社会保障的落实程度等地方因素,对流动人口城市融入产生显著影响,但城市人口规模影响不显著。地方因素对流动人口城市融入的影响效应是复杂的、多向的,即使同一因素既有积极的方面,也存在消极的方面。推动流动人口的城市融入,必须正视城市差异,因地制宜地提出包容性的社会政策。方言重的城市,尤其是这些城市的公共场所和公共办事窗口要推动普通话的普及,鼓励使用普通话;降低城市社会保障的准入门槛;房租高的城市,保障房建设要以公租房建设为主,把流动人口纳入公租房保障范围;要本着先易后难,同步推进的原则,优先推进省域内流动人口市民化,城镇化转移支付应向流动人口比例高的城市倾斜。

关键词: 流动人口, 社会融入, 城市, 地方因素

Abstract:

Based on a survey of 2 496 migrant workers in 9 cities of the eastern and central China, this article investigated the impact of local factors on social integration of migrant workers. A multiple-level regression model was applied to analyzing and revealing the differential impact of local factors, including level of economic development, intelligibility of local dialect, population share of migrants, and cost of rent. The cities, with more difficulties to join the local endowment insurance, the better the economic development, the greater gap between the earnings of the migrant workers and urban capita income, the higher rent, the more difficult urban dialect to master and the higher proportion of urban immigrant population, have a lower integration. The results find: 1) each city’s uniqueness produces some specific positive and negative effects. The positive effects can reduce the social distance between the migrant population and the urban residents. The sense of inclusion may become a source of pride in promoting the effective integration of migrants. However, the negative effects may serve to marginalize and alienate the migrant population. In cities that are not conducive to social integration, the migrants have a lower degree of recognition. 2) the differences between cities are selective in attracting migrant populations. Different cities attract different types of migrants, so that their migrant populations are structurally different. The abilities of the migrant populations to adapt and integrate are also different in different cities. Therefore, cities differ significantly in their levels of social integration. Recognition of these differences is an important basis for making urbanization policies that fit the local conditions. Given the large variety of cities, it was suggested that localized social policies are promoted to ease the integration of migrant workers in urban communities. To facilitate migrant workers’ social integration, priority should be given to promoting social integration within a province and at cities with high proportion of migrant population. Migrant workers should also be given the benefits of local social programs such as public housing rental assistance, especially in cities with a high level of rental cost.

Key words: floating population, social integration, urban, local factors

中图分类号:

K901.3

田明. 地方因素对流动人口城市融入的影响研究[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(7): 997-1005.

Ming Tian. Local Factors Effects on the Urban Integration for the Floating Population[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(7): 997-1005.

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项目	特征值	样本数量（个）	所占比例（%）	项目	特征值	样本数量（个）	所占比例（%）
性别	男	1479	60.64	来源地区	西部地区	401	16.44
性别	女	960	39.36	来源地特征	城市	223	9.16
年龄	20岁及以下	205		来源地特征	8.41	县城及小城镇	871	35.69
	20~25岁	805	33.41	普通乡村	1345	55.15
	25~30岁	477	19.56	在当前城市的居留时间	1 a及以下	933	38.25
	30~35岁	270		11.07	1~3 a	667	27.35
	35~40岁	204		8.36	3~5 a	333	13.65
	40~45岁	186		7.63	5 a以上	506	20.75
	45~50岁	159	6.52	月收入	1000元及以下	192	7.87
	50岁及以上	133			5.45	1000~2000元	1143	46.86
受教育程度	小学及以下	296			12.14	2000~3000元	614	25.17
	初中	914	37.47	3000~5000元	350	14.35
	高中/职高/中专	683	28	5000元以上	140	5.74
	大专及以上	546	22.38	行业分布	制造业	855	35.06
婚姻状况	未婚	1201			49.24	电力、燃气、水生产与供应及采矿业	41	1.68
	已婚	1206	49.45		建筑业	302	12.37
	离异及其他	32	1.31		交通运输、批发零售,住宿餐饮、家政等传统服务业	796	32.63
户籍	农村户籍	1925		78.93	金融、房地产、信息、租赁及商务服务等现代服务业	205	8.41
户籍	非农户籍	514	21.07	科教文卫等其他服务业	175	7.18
来源地区	东部地区	861		35.3	其他行业	65	2.67
来源地区	中部地区	1177	48.26

维度	赋值	1	2	3
经济层面	感觉与当地人的经济差距	偏低	差不多	偏高
社会交往层面	感觉与当地人相处是否融洽	不融洽	一般	融洽
文化层面	是否喜欢当地人的生活和行为方式	不喜欢	一般	喜欢
身份认同层面	您认为自己是当地人吗	不是当地人	不确定	是

	估计值	标准误差	t值
截距	19.949***	2.330	8.561
是否跨省流动：参考组,否=0
是	-0.340***	0.129	-2.630
掌握当地语言情况：参考组,完全听不懂=0
能听懂但说不熟练	0.231	0.164	1.407
能进行交流	0.843***	0.227	3.709
很熟练	1.151***	0.224	5.132
是否参加当地养老保险：参考组,没参加=0
参加	0.563***	0.137	4.121
城市区位：参考组,南方=0
北方	0.696***	0.190	3.659
人口规模	3.302E-4	4.470E-4	0.739
城市人均GDP	-1.947E-5***	6.479E-6	-3.004
流动人口占总人口比例的平方	-.0001**	0.000	-1.844
城市居民人均可支配收入	5.593E-5*	4.384E-5	1.276
城市平均房租	-0.031***	0.008	-4.021
性别：参考组,男=0
女	0.214*	0.119	1.785
年龄	-0.001	0.007	-0.098
当前月收入	4.091E-5***	1.246E-5	3.284
教育：小学及以下=0
初中	-0.136	0.192	-0.709
高中	-0.202	0.211	-0.957
大专及以上	0.601**	0.245	2.450
当地居留时间	0.006***	0.001	4.366
是否与家人在一起：参考组,否=0
是	0.178*	0.122	1.460
户口性质：参考组,农业户口=0
非农户口	0.299*	0.174	1.717
行业：参考组,制造业=0
城市公用事业及采矿业	0.024	0.435	0.054
建筑业	-0.211	0.219	-0.962
批零、住宿餐饮等服务业	-0.410**	0.182	2.250
信息、金融、商务等服务业	0.018	0.224	0.081
科教文卫等行业	-0.438*	0.259	-1.696
常来往的朋友：参考组,没有=0
有1~2个	0.616***	0.162	3.792
有3~5个	0.945***	0.162	5.847
有6~8个	1.548***	0.215	7.215
有9个及以上	1.775***	0.176	10.062