地理科学 ›› 2017, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 997-1005.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.07.004
收稿日期:
2016-10-08
修回日期:
2017-02-04
出版日期:
2017-07-20
发布日期:
2017-07-20
作者简介:
作者简介:田明(1974-),男,河北康保人,教授,博导,主要从事城市研究和流动人口研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Received:
2016-10-08
Revised:
2017-02-04
Online:
2017-07-20
Published:
2017-07-20
Supported by:
摘要:
利用东部和中部地区9个城市的流动人口问卷调查,采用多水平回归模型,分析了城市差异对流动人口城市融入的影响机制。研究发现:流动人口城市融入过程存在南北差异,并呈相同地域较接近的特征。城市区位、经济发展水平、以房租为代表的物价水平、以方言为主的地域文化、流动人口占比,社会保障的落实程度等地方因素,对流动人口城市融入产生显著影响,但城市人口规模影响不显著。地方因素对流动人口城市融入的影响效应是复杂的、多向的,即使同一因素既有积极的方面,也存在消极的方面。推动流动人口的城市融入,必须正视城市差异,因地制宜地提出包容性的社会政策。方言重的城市,尤其是这些城市的公共场所和公共办事窗口要推动普通话的普及,鼓励使用普通话;降低城市社会保障的准入门槛;房租高的城市,保障房建设要以公租房建设为主,把流动人口纳入公租房保障范围;要本着先易后难,同步推进的原则,优先推进省域内流动人口市民化,城镇化转移支付应向流动人口比例高的城市倾斜。
中图分类号:
田明. 地方因素对流动人口城市融入的影响研究[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(7): 997-1005.
Ming Tian. Local Factors Effects on the Urban Integration for the Floating Population[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(7): 997-1005.
表1
样本人口学特征及分布(n=2 439)"
项目 | 特征值 | 样本数量 (个) | 所占比例 (%) | 项目 | 特征值 | 样本数量 (个) | 所占比例 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
性别 | 男 | 1479 | 60.64 | 来源地区 | 西部地区 | 401 | 16.44 |
女 | 960 | 39.36 | 来源地特征 | 城市 | 223 | 9.16 | |
年龄 | 20岁及以下 | 205 | 8.41 | 县城及小城镇 | 871 | 35.69 | |
20~25岁 | 805 | 33.41 | 普通乡村 | 1345 | 55.15 | ||
25~30岁 | 477 | 19.56 | 在当前城市 的居留时间 | 1 a及以下 | 933 | 38.25 | |
30~35岁 | 270 | 11.07 | 1~3 a | 667 | 27.35 | ||
35~40岁 | 204 | 8.36 | 3~5 a | 333 | 13.65 | ||
40~45岁 | 186 | 7.63 | 5 a以上 | 506 | 20.75 | ||
45~50岁 | 159 | 6.52 | 月收入 | 1000元及以下 | 192 | 7.87 | |
50岁及以上 | 133 | 5.45 | 1000~2000元 | 1143 | 46.86 | ||
受教育程度 | 小学及以下 | 296 | 12.14 | 2000~3000元 | 614 | 25.17 | |
初中 | 914 | 37.47 | 3000~5000元 | 350 | 14.35 | ||
高中/职高/中专 | 683 | 28 | 5000元以上 | 140 | 5.74 | ||
大专及以上 | 546 | 22.38 | 行业分布 | 制造业 | 855 | 35.06 | |
婚姻状况 | 未婚 | 1201 | 49.24 | 电力、燃气、水生产与供应及采矿业 | 41 | 1.68 | |
已婚 | 1206 | 49.45 | 建筑业 | 302 | 12.37 | ||
离异及其他 | 32 | 1.31 | 交通运输、批发零售,住宿餐饮、家政 等传统服务业 | 796 | 32.63 | ||
户籍 | 农村户籍 | 1925 | 78.93 | 金融、房地产、信息、租赁及商务服务 等现代服务业 | 205 | 8.41 | |
非农户籍 | 514 | 21.07 | 科教文卫等其他服务业 | 175 | 7.18 | ||
来源地区 | 东部地区 | 861 | 35.3 | 其他行业 | 65 | 2.67 | |
中部地区 | 1177 | 48.26 |
表3
多水平回归模型统计结果"
估计值 | 标准误差 | t值 | |
---|---|---|---|
截距 | 19.949*** | 2.330 | 8.561 |
是否跨省流动:参考组,否=0 | |||
是 | -0.340*** | 0.129 | -2.630 |
掌握当地语言情况:参考组,完全听不懂=0 | |||
能听懂但说不熟练 | 0.231 | 0.164 | 1.407 |
能进行交流 | 0.843*** | 0.227 | 3.709 |
很熟练 | 1.151*** | 0.224 | 5.132 |
是否参加当地养老保险:参考组,没参加=0 | |||
参加 | 0.563*** | 0.137 | 4.121 |
城市区位:参考组,南方=0 | |||
北方 | 0.696*** | 0.190 | 3.659 |
人口规模 | 3.302E-4 | 4.470E-4 | 0.739 |
城市人均GDP | -1.947E-5*** | 6.479E-6 | -3.004 |
流动人口占总人口比例的平方 | -.0001** | 0.000 | -1.844 |
城市居民人均可支配收入 | 5.593E-5* | 4.384E-5 | 1.276 |
城市平均房租 | -0.031*** | 0.008 | -4.021 |
性别:参考组,男=0 | |||
女 | 0.214* | 0.119 | 1.785 |
年龄 | -0.001 | 0.007 | -0.098 |
当前月收入 | 4.091E-5*** | 1.246E-5 | 3.284 |
教育:小学及以下=0 | |||
初中 | -0.136 | 0.192 | -0.709 |
高中 | -0.202 | 0.211 | -0.957 |
大专及以上 | 0.601** | 0.245 | 2.450 |
当地居留时间 | 0.006*** | 0.001 | 4.366 |
是否与家人在一起:参考组,否=0 | |||
是 | 0.178* | 0.122 | 1.460 |
户口性质:参考组,农业户口=0 | |||
非农户口 | 0.299* | 0.174 | 1.717 |
行业:参考组,制造业=0 | |||
城市公用事业及采矿业 | 0.024 | 0.435 | 0.054 |
建筑业 | -0.211 | 0.219 | -0.962 |
批零、住宿餐饮等服务业 | -0.410** | 0.182 | 2.250 |
信息、金融、商务等服务业 | 0.018 | 0.224 | 0.081 |
科教文卫等行业 | -0.438* | 0.259 | -1.696 |
常来往的朋友:参考组,没有=0 | |||
有1~2个 | 0.616*** | 0.162 | 3.792 |
有3~5个 | 0.945*** | 0.162 | 5.847 |
有6~8个 | 1.548*** | 0.215 | 7.215 |
有9个及以上 | 1.775*** | 0.176 | 10.062 |
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