山东省旅游城镇化响应的时空分异特征与类型研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2017.07.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以山东省17地市为研究对象,应用统计分析方法,采用标准差、变异系数、静态不平衡差、相对发展率、离差、比率等指标,研究2001~2014年山东省旅游城镇化响应的时空差异并划分类型,得到如下结论：2001~2009年山东省旅游城镇化响应强度的绝对差异和相对差异不断扩大,2009~2014年不断减小;山东省旅游城镇化响应强度具有较大的空间差异,西部地区旅游城镇化响应强度与中东部之间存在一定差距;日照、泰安、威海为强响应型地区,潍坊、烟台、青岛、济南、莱芜为较强响应型地区,菏泽、聊城、德州、滨州、东营为弱响应型地区,枣庄、济宁、临沂、淄博为特殊响应型地区。

关键词: 旅游城镇化, 响应强度, 时空分异, 类型, 山东省

Abstract:

Tourism has gradually become the world’s largest growth industry, being closely related to new urbanization. Through selecting 17 cities in Shandong Province as the research object and applying statistical analysis method, the article analyzed the characteristics and types of spatial-temporal differentiation of tourism urbanization response in Shandong Province from 2001 to 2014, by using measure indexes such as stand deviation, variation coefficient, static unbalance difference, relative development rate, deviation, ratio and so on. Major findings of this research are: the trend of the gradual increase from 2001-2009 and the decline from 2009-2014 in absolute and relative difference, announced the strength of tourism urbanization response in Shandong Province. There was a remarkable spatial differentiation phenomenon in the strength of tourism urbanization response of Shandong Province, which the certain gaps between the western and the mid-eastern region existed. For instance, positive increase of deviation （D_i）and response coefficient ratio (G_i ) values were observed in middle cities such as Tai’an and Zibo and eastern cities such as Weihai and Linyi, whereas negative growth of deviation and ratio were observed in western cities such as Liaocheng and Heze. The certain differences on coefficient increase amplitude of tourism response in Shandong province can be proved by its gradual positive increase in 11 cities including Zibo, Tai’an, Linyi, Jining, Jinan, Weihai etc. And its negative increase in 5 cities including Liaocheng, Heze, Rizhao etc. According to the combination of time series variation and spatial differentiation, the tourism urbanization response strength of 17 cities in Shandong Province can be divided into 4 categories as strong, relatively strong, weak and special response regions. To maintaining an advantage in competition, the strong response regions including Rizhao, Tai’an and Weihai should support tourism infrastructure construction and coordinate the development of urban-rural area under the guidance of government, as to provide the support for tourism development. Targeted at the strong response regions and based on location and resources superiority, the relative strong response regions including Weifang, Yantai, Qingdao, Jinan and Laiwu should optimize the spatial industrial structure and raise the level of urban general planning to promote coordinated development between tourism and city. The weak response regions including Heze, Liaocheng, Dezhou, Binzhou and Dongying should maintain close ties with the strong response regions to promote own economic development, powering the tourism urbanization. As for the special response regions such as Zaozhuang, Jining, Linyi and Zibo, sustainable exploitation of special resources should be emphasized to promote the tourism industry transformation and upgrade.

Key words: tourism urbanization, response intensity, spatial-temporal differentiation, classification, Shongdong Province

中图分类号:

F590

王新越, 刘二恋, 候娟娟. 山东省旅游城镇化响应的时空分异特征与类型研究[J]. 地理科学, 2017, 37(7): 1087-1094.

Xinyue Wang, Erlian Liu, Juanjuan Hou. Characteristics and Types of Spatial-temporal Differentiation of Tourism Urbanization Response in Shandong Province[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2017, 37(7): 1087-1094.

图/表 8

表1

研究模型及地理学意义解释"

指数	模型	变量解释	地理意义
标准差、变异系数^[27]	$δ = ∑ X i - X * 2 N$ $V = ∑ X i - X * 2 N X *$	式中：X_i为i区域旅游城镇化响应系数, $X $ 为旅游城镇化响应系数的全国平均值,即 $X $ = $∑ X i N$ ,N代表地区样本数。	δ值越大,则表明旅游城镇化响应系数绝对差异越大;δ值越小,表明绝对差异越小;V值越大,则表明旅游城镇化响应系数相对差异越大;V值越小,表明相对差异越小,各区域旅游城镇化响应强度变化存在趋同。
静态不平衡差^[27]	$H = 1 - X a X b × 100 %$	式中：X_a、X_b分别表示a地区和b地区的旅游城镇化响应系数。	表示在某一特定时间a地区与b地区旅游城镇化响应系数的相对差异。H值越大,两地区旅游城镇化响应强度差异越大;H值越小,差异越小。
相对发展率^[27]	$Nich = X si - X ti X s * - X t *$	式中：X_si和X_ti分别代表第i个地区在时间s和时间t的旅游城镇化响应系数, $X s $ 和 $X t $ 分别代表整个区域在时间s和时间t旅游城镇化响应系数的平均水平。	相对发展率表示各地区在某一时期内旅游城镇化响应系数的变化与同一时期整个区域旅游城镇化响应系数的变化的关系。Nich值越大,各地区与整个区域旅游城镇化响应强度的差距越大;反之则越小。
离差、比率^[27]	$D i = X i - X $ $G i = X i / X × 100 %$	式中：X_i为i地区旅游城镇化响应系数, $X *$ 为旅游城镇化响应系数的区域平均值。	D_i值和G_i值越大,则表明各地区旅游城镇化响应系数相对整个区域平均水平越大;D_i值和G_i值越小,表明相对整个区域平均水平越小。

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地市	2001年	2014年
济南	-0.0246	-0.0223
青岛	0.0551	-0.0054
淄博	-0.0751	-0.0213
枣庄	-0.0631	-0.0285
东营	-0.1244	-0.1192
烟台	0.0602	0.0036
潍坊	-0.0025	0.0276
济宁	0.0272	0.0828
泰安	0.0467	0.1458
威海	0.0352	0.0440
日照	0.1386	0.1274
莱芜	-0.0688	-0.0511
临沂	0.0614	0.1174
德州	-0.0837	-0.0663
聊城	0.0427	-0.0519
滨州	-0.0931	-0.0811
菏泽	0.0683	-0.0486