地理科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 351-360.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.03.004
收稿日期:
2017-02-18
修回日期:
2017-05-27
出版日期:
2018-03-21
发布日期:
2018-03-21
作者简介:
作者简介:姜磊(1983-),男,山东烟台人,博士,助理教授,主要从事应用空间计量经济学、空间数据分析和区域经济学研究。E-mail:
基金资助:
Lei Jiang1,2(), Haifeng Zhou1, Ling Bai3
Received:
2017-02-18
Revised:
2017-05-27
Online:
2018-03-21
Published:
2018-03-21
Supported by:
摘要:
空气污染问题引起了人们极大的关注。以中国2014年150个地级市作为样本数据,采用空气质量指数(AQI)作为全面衡量空气污染的指标,运用地理加权回归模型从空间异质性视角出发,分析了不同城市外商直接投资与空气污染之间的关系。研究结果表明:总体上,外商直接投资由于带来了先进的技术,有利于空气质量的改善。此外,人均地区生产总值的增加、二氧化硫和PM2.5浓度的提高均是导致空气污染加剧的重要因素;而环保意识的提升则有利于空气质量的改善。民用汽车保有量变量在统计上不显著。从地理加权回归模型估计结果来看,不同城市的外商直接投资对环境的改善作用存在显著的空间异质性。其中,东北城市群、关中城市群和长江中游城市群外商直接投资对空气质量的改善作用最大,山东半岛城市群和川渝城市群外商直接投资对空气质量的改善作用不明显。
中图分类号:
姜磊, 周海峰, 柏玲. 外商直接投资对空气污染影响的空间异质性分析——以中国150个城市空气质量指数(AQI)为例[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(3): 351-360.
Lei Jiang, Haifeng Zhou, Ling Bai. Spatial Heterogeneity Analysis of Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment on Air Pollution:Empirical Evidence from 150 Cities in China Based on AQI[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2018, 38(3): 351-360.
表1
OLS回归结果"
变量 | OLS模型1 | OLS模型2 | OLS模型3 | OLS模型4 |
---|---|---|---|---|
lnFDI | -0.0129***(-3.2030) | -0.0128***(-3.2540) | ||
lnGDP | 0.0450***(3.0158) | 0.0459***(3.6422) | ||
lnFDIt-1 | -0.0115***(-2.8557) | -0.0114***(-2.8677) | ||
lnGDP t-1 | 0.0286**(2.3574) | 0.0299***(3.0351) | ||
lnDensity | -0.0109*(-1.5951) | -0.0112*(-1.8038) | -0.0107(-1.4966) | -0.0113*(-1.7683) |
lnSO2 | 0.0078*(1.6964) | 0.0078*(1.6987) | 0.0074(1.5596) | 0.0073(1.5546) |
lnPM2.5 | 0.7839***(52.3631) | 0.7841***(52.8270) | 0.7921***(49.8536) | 0.7928***(51.2384) |
lnCars | 0.0011(0.1120) | 0.0019(0.1842) | ||
常数项 | 0.9268***(5.6546) | 0.9154***(7.1439) | 1.0657***(7.4329) | 1.0485***(9.6700) |
R2 | 0.9626 | 0.9626 | 0.9615 | 0.9615 |
调整后的R2 | 0.9610 | 0.9613 | 0.9599 | 0.9602 |
F统计量 | 613.5905*** | 741.3901*** | 595.8910*** | 719.8921*** |
表2
GWR模型回归结果"
变量 | 最小值 | 第一分位 | 中位数 | 第三分位 | 最大值 | 全域 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
lnFDI | -0.0243 | -0.0163 | -0.0098 | -0.0051 | 0.0056 | -0.0128 |
lnGDP | -0.0573 | 0.0089 | 0.0171 | 0.0407 | 0.1718 | 0.0459 |
lnDensity | -0.0506 | -0.0107 | 0.0017 | 0.0095 | 0.0660 | -0.0112 |
lnSO2 | -0.0098 | 0.0030 | 0.0118 | 0.0185 | 0.0367 | 0.0078 |
lnPM2.5 | 0.6702 | 0.7339 | 0.7705 | 0.7824 | 0.8769 | 0.7841 |
常数项 | -0.6278 | 0.9143 | 1.1600 | 1.2470 | 1.9220 | 0.9154 |
[1] | 白俊红, 吕晓红. FDI质量与中国环境污染的改善[J]. 国际贸易问题, 2015(8):72-83. |
[Bai Junhong, Lyu Xiaohong.FDI quality and improvement of environmental pollution in China. Journal of International Trade, 2015(8):72-83.] | |
[2] |
Walter I, Ugelow J L.Environmental policies in developing countries[J]. Ambio, 1979, 8(2-3):102-109.
doi: 10.1016/0043-1354(80)90112-8 |
[3] |
Copeland B R, Taylor M S.North-South trade and the environment[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1994,109(3):755-787.
doi: 10.2307/2118421 |
[4] |
Javorcik B S, Wei S J.Pollution havens and foreign direct investment: Dirty secret or popular myth?[J]. The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy, 2004, 3(2):1244-1244.
doi: 10.2202/1538-0645.1244 |
[5] | 傅京燕,李丽莎. FDI、环境规制与污染避难所效应——基于中国省级数据的经验分析[J]. 公共管理学报, 2010, 7(3):65-74. |
[Fu Jingyan,Li Lisha.FDI, environmental regulation and pollution haven effect: Empirical analysis of China’s provincial panel data. Journal of Public Management, 2010, 7(3):65-74.] | |
[6] | 冷艳丽,冼国明,杜思正.外商直接投资与雾霾污染——基于中国省际面板数据的实证分析[J]. 国际贸易问题, 2015 (12):74-84. |
[Leng Yanli, Xian Guoming, Du Sizheng.Foreign direct investment and haze pollution: An empirical analysis based on provincial panel data. Journal of International Trade, 2015 (12):74-84.] | |
[7] | 廖显春,夏恩龙.为什么中国会对FDI具有吸引力?——基于环境规制与腐败程度视角[J]. 世界经济研究, 2015 (1):112-119. |
[Liao Xianchun, Xia Enlong.Why China attracts FDI inflows? A perspective of environmental stringency and the degree of corruptibility. World Economy Studies, 2015(1):112-119.] | |
[8] | 刘飞宇,赵爱清.外商直接投资对城市环境污染的效应检验——基于我国285个城市面板数据的实证研究[J]. 国际贸易问题, 2016(5):130-141. |
[Liu Feiyu, Zhao Aiqing.Test for the effect of foreign direct investment on environmental pollution in cities: Empirical analysis of panel data from 285 cities. Journal of International Trade, 2016 (5):130-141.] | |
[9] |
Dean J M.Does trade liberalization harm the environment? A new test[J]. Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d’economique, 2002, 35(4):819-842.
doi: 10.1111/0008-4085.00155 |
[10] | 何洁. 国际贸易对环境的影响:中国各省的二氧化硫(SO2)工业排放[J]. 经济学季刊, 2010, 9(2):29-60. |
[He Jie. Environmental impacts of international trade: The case of industrial emission of sulfur dioxide (SO2) in Chinese provinces. China Economic Quarterly, 2010, 9(2):29-60]. | |
[11] | 贺文华. FDI的“污染天堂假说”检验:基于中国东部和中部的证据[J].当代财经, 2010(6):99-105. |
[He Wenhua.A test of the pollution heaven hypothesis of FDI: Based on evidence from eastern and central China. Contemporary Finance & Economics, 2010(6):99-105.] | |
[12] | 林虎,刘冲.外商直接投资会影响东道主国的环境状况吗?——来自中国1990~2006年省级水平的证据[J].生态经济,2012 (9):72-75. |
[Lin Hu, Liu Chong. Does FDI effect the host country's environment? Evidence from province-level data in China from1990-2006. Ecological Economy, 2012(9):72-75.] | |
[13] | 许和连,邓玉萍.外商直接投资导致了中国的环境污染吗?——基于中国省际面板数据的空间计量研究[J].管理世界, 2012 (2):30-43. |
[Xu Helian, Deng Yuping.Does foreign direct investment lead to environmental pollution in China?: Spatial econometrics based on provincial panel data. Management World, 2012 (2):30-43.] | |
[14] | 秦晓丽,于文超.外商直接投资、经济增长与环境污染——基于中国259个地级市的空间面板数据的实证研究[J].宏观经济研究, 2016(6):127-134. |
[Qin Xiaoli, Yu Wenchao.Foreign direct investment, economic growth and environmental pollution: Empirical analysis of spatial panel data from 259 cities in China. Macroeconomics, 2016(6):127-134.] | |
[15] | 曹翔,余升国.外资与内资对我国大气污染影响的比较分析——基于工业二氧化硫排放的经验分析[J].国际贸易问题, 2014 (9):67-76. |
[Cao Xiang, Yu Shengguo.Comparative study on effect of foreign capital and domestic capital on air pollution: An empirical analysis based on industrial sulfur dioxide emissions. Journal of International Trade, 2014 (9):67-76.] | |
[16] | 中国环境保护部.环境空气质量指数(AQI)技术规定(试行)[Z].2012. |
[China environmental protection department. Technical regulation on ambient Air Quality Index (on trial).2012.] | |
[17] |
蔺雪芹,王岱.中国城市空气质量时空演化特征及社会经济驱动力[J].地理学报, 2016, 71(8):1357-1371.
doi: 10.11821/dlxb201608006 |
[Lin Xueqin, Wang Dai.Spatio-temporal variations and socio-economic driving forces of air quality in Chinese cities. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2016, 71(8):1357-1371.]
doi: 10.11821/dlxb201608006 |
|
[18] | 刘满凤,谢晗进.基于空气质量指数AQI的污染集聚空间异质性分析[J].经济地理, 2016,36(8):166-175. |
[Liu Manfeng, Xie Hanjin.The spatial heterogeneity analysis of pollution agglomeration based on the AQI air quality index. Economic Geography, 2016, 36(8):166-175.] | |
[19] |
王勇,俞海,张永亮,等.中国环境质量拐点:基于EKC的实证判断[J].中国人口资源与环境, 2016, 26(10):1-7.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2016.10.001 |
[Wang Yong, Yu Hai, Zhang Yongliang et al. Turning point of China’s environmental quality:Empirical judgment based on EKC.China Population, Resources and Environment, 2016, 26(10):1-7.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1002-2104.2016.10.001 |
|
[20] | 李龚. 基于PM2.5指标的中国环境库兹涅茨曲线估计[J].统计与决策, 2016(23):21-24. |
[Li Gong.Estimated the Chinese environmental kuznets curve based on PM2.5. Statistics and Decision, 2016 (23):21-24.] | |
[21] | 李群,米红,席斌,等.区域人口、环境与经济协调发展的逆系统仿真研究[J].中国人口科学, 2005(s1):193-199. |
[Li Qun, Mi Hong, Xi Bin et al. Study on inverse system simulation of regional population, environment and economic coordination. Chinese Journal of Population Science, 2005 (s1):193-199.] | |
[22] | 段成荣,吕利丹,邹湘江.当前我国流动人口面临的主要问题和对策——基于2010 年第六次全国人口普查数据的分析[J].人口研究, 2013,37(2):17-24. |
[Duan Chengrong, Lyu Lidan, Zou Xiangjiang.Major challenges for China’s floating population and policy suggestions: An analysis of the 2010 population census data. Population Research, 2013, 37(2):17-24.] | |
[23] |
王立平,刘敏,李然,等.中国二氧化硫污染的“稳健性”影响因素——基于空间面板数据EBA模型的实证分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2015,35(8):2362-2369.
doi: 10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2014.1006 |
[Wang Liping, Liu Min, Li Ran et al. Robust factors affecting China’s sulfur dioxide pollution-empirical analysis based on spatial panel data of EBA model.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2015, 35(8):2362-2369.]
doi: 10.13671/j.hjkxxb.2014.1006 |
|
[24] |
严雅雪,李锴.中国城市化对PM2.5浓度影响的门槛效应研究[J].环境经济研究, 2016,1(2):93-106.
doi: 10.19511/j.cnki.jee.2016.02.008 |
[Yan Yaxue, Li kai. Threshold effect of urbanization on PM2.5 concentration. Journal of Environmental Economics, 2016,1(2):93-106.]
doi: 10.19511/j.cnki.jee.2016.02.008 |
|
[25] | 中国橡胶工业协会.中国橡胶工业年鉴[M].北京:中国商业出版社, 2004. |
[China Rubber Industry Association. China rubber industry yearbook. Beijing: China Commercial Publishing House, 2004.] | |
[26] |
申孟宜. 高汽车保有量下的PM2.5治理研究[J].调研世界, 2013(7):12-16.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7794.2013.07.003 |
[Shen Mengyi.Research on PM2.5 management under high car ownership.The World of Survey and Research, 2013(7):12-16.]
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-7794.2013.07.003 |
|
[27] | 中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京:中国统计出版社, 2015. |
[National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China. China statistical yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2015.] | |
[28] | 中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国城市统计年鉴[M].北京:中国统计出版社, 2015. |
[National Bureau of Statistics of the People’s Republic of China.China city statistical yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2015.] | |
[29] | 于婷婷. 我国投资环境的新变化及跨国公司在华发展战略趋势分析[D].大连:东北财经大学, 2011. |
[Yu Tingting.Studies on the new changes of Chinese investment environment and the trend of MNC’s development strategy in China. Da Lian: Dongbei University of Finance and Economics,2011.] | |
[30] | 邱雨可,赵涛. FDI技术溢出效应的作用机理与影响因素分析——示范效应[J].现代经济信息, 2015(20):124-125. |
[Qiu Yuke,Zhao Tao.The effect mechanism of FDI technology spillover effect and influence factor analysis demonstration effect. Modern Economic Information, 2015(20):124-125.] | |
[31] |
Omri A, Nguyen D K, Rault C.Causal interactions between CO2, emissions, FDI, and economic growth: Evidence from dynamic simultaneous-equation models[J]. Economic Modelling, 2014, 42:382-389.
doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.2014.07.026 |
[32] |
Pao H T, Tsai C M.CO2, emissions, energy consumption and economic growth in BRIC countries[J].Energy Policy, 2010, 38(12):7850-7860.
doi: 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.08.045 |
[33] | 周长富,杜宇玮,彭安平.环境规制是否影响了我国FDI的区位选择?——基于成本视角的实证研究[J].世界经济研究,2016 (1):110-120. |
[Zhou Changfu, Du Yuwei, Peng Anping.Environmental regulations affect the location selection of FDI?: Empirical study based on cost perspective. World Economy Studies, 2016 (1):110-120.] | |
[34] | 李静,彭飞.城市空气污染与收入关系的EKC再检验[J].统计与决策, 2013(20):86-89. |
[Li Jing, Peng Fei.The inspection of EKC on urban air pollution and income relation. Statistics and Decision, 2013(20):86-89.] | |
[35] | 姜磊,季民河.基于空间异质性的中国能源消费强度研究——资源禀赋、产业结构、技术进步和市场调节机制的视角[J].产业经济研究, 2011(4):61-70. |
[Jiang Lei, Ji Minhe.Energy intensity and its spatial heterogeneity in China:A perspective of resource endowment, industrial structure, technological progress and market mechanism. Industrial Economics Research, 2011(4):61-70.] |
[1] | 吴连霞, 赵媛, 吴开亚, 郝丽莎, 王玉娟. 中国人口老龄化区域差异及驱动机制研究[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(6): 877-884. |
[2] | 柏玲, 姜磊, 周海峰, 陈忠升. 长江经济带空气质量指数的时空特征及驱动因素分析 ——基于贝叶斯空间计量模型的实证[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(12): 2100-2108. |
[3] | 杨俊, 鲍雅君, 金翠, 李雪铭, 李永化. 大连城市绿地可达性对房价影响的差异性分析[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(12): 1952-1960. |
[4] | 董冠鹏, 郭腾云, 马静. 空间依赖、空间异质与京津冀都市地区经济收敛[J]. 地理科学, 2010, 30(5): 679-685. |
[5] | 吴玉鸣, 李建霞. 省域经济增长与电力消费的局域空间计量经济分析[J]. 地理科学, 2009, 29(1): 30-35. |
[6] | 李郇, 丁行政. 空间集聚与外商直接投资的区位选择——基于珠江三角洲地区的实证分析[J]. 地理科学, 2007, 27(5): 636-641. |
[7] | 焦华富. 外商直接投资资金市场的地域结构研究[J]. 地理科学, 1998, 18(2): 106-112. |
[8] | 贺灿飞, 陈颖. 港澳地区对中国内地直接投资的区位选择及其空间扩散[J]. 地理科学, 1997, 17(3): 193-200. |
|