中国湖泊柱样沉积物中239+240Pu的来源与分布特征

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.03.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对当前中国湖泊柱样沉积物中^239+240Pu的研究现状,对中国湖泊^239+240Pu的来源、^239+240Pu最大蓄积峰的年代以及^239+240Pu在湖泊沉积物中的迁移行为进行了研究总结。结果表明：中国湖泊^239+240Pu的主要来源于全球大气核试验沉降,湖泊沉积柱样中表层沉积物²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu均值为0.177±0.019;柱样²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu均值为0.177±0.008;柱样^239+240Pu的沉积通量范围在7.45~240.6 MBq/km²之间,因湖泊所处沉积环境及纬度的差异而变化。湖泊柱样剖面中的^239+240Pu的分布多呈单峰分布,湖泊沉积物中^239+240Pu的最大蓄积峰位置改变可以忽略不计,^239+240Pu最大蓄积峰具有时标价值。

关键词: 湖泊, 柱样沉积物, ^239+240Pu, ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu, 沉积通量

Abstract:

China is a nation with numerous lakes; tracer studies of ^239+240Pu have been carried out in 14 lakes. According to the research status of ^239+240Pu in Chinese lakes, this article summarizes the source, the migration behavior of ^239+240Pu and the age of the maximum accumulation peaks of ^239+240Pu. The results show that ^239+240Pu in lacustrine sediment cores of Chinese lakes are mainly derived from the global atmospheric nuclear tests, the mean value of ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu was 0.177±0.019 in the surface sediments, the mean value ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu was 0.177±0.008 in the all sediment cores. Because of the difference of lake sedimentary environment and latitude changes, the range of the ^239+240Pu inventories of was 7.45-240.6 MBq/km². The distribution characteristic of ^239+240Pu in lacustrine sediment cores of Chinese lakes are mostly unimodal, and the migration of ^239+240Pu in sediment cores can be neglected and the maximum accumulation peak of ^239+240Pu has time scale value.

Key words: lake, sediment cores, ^239+240Pu activity, ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu, ^239+240Pu inventory

中图分类号:

P597.+1

黄亚楠, 潘少明, 刘志勇. 中国湖泊柱样沉积物中^239+240Pu的来源与分布特征[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(3): 437-447.

Yanan Huang, Shaoming Pan, Zhiyong Liu. The Source and Distribution Characteristic of ^239+240Pu in Sediment Cores of Chinese Lakes[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2018, 38(3): 437-447.

图/表 7

表1

图1

表2

中国湖泊柱样沉积物中239+240Pu"

序号	湖名	面积 (km²)	纬度 (°N)	^239+240Pu沉积通量(MBq/km²)	²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu 范围	²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu 均值	仪器	测试方法	测试单位	参考文献
1	日月潭	8.8	23.87	35.9	n.a.	n.a.	n.a.	Silicon-SB-D	IOES（中国）	[22]
2	抚仙湖	216	24.30	n.a.	0.173~0.201	0.186±0.008	n.a	SF-ICP-MS	GZU（中国）	[16]
3	滇池	306	24.85	Error	0.164~0.187	0.174±0.007	n.a.	SF-ICP-MS	GZU（中国）	[16]
4	洱海	256.5	25.80	9.545±0.51	n.a.	0.181±0.007	Element 2,Finngan（德国）	SF-ICP-MS	NIRS（日本）	[23]
5	红枫湖	32	26.49	50.7	0.162~0.213	0.185±0.009	Element 2,Finngan（德国）	SF-ICP-MS	NIRS（日本）	[17]
6	程海湖	76	26.54	35.4	0.166~0.271	0.195±0.021	Element 2,Finngan（德国）	SF-ICP-MS	NIRS（日本）	[18]
7	草海	46.5	27.01	7.45±0.17	n.a.	0.170±0.010	Element 2,Finngan（德国）	SF-ICP-MS	NIRS（日本）	[4]
8	鄱阳湖	4125	29.13	n.a.	n.a.	0.187±0.04	Element 2,Finngan（德国）	SF-ICP-MS	NIRS（日本）	[21]
9	龙感湖	223	29.92	n.a.	n.a.	0.173±0.008	Element 2,Finngan（德国）	SF-ICP-MS	NIRS（日本）	[4]
10	青海湖1	4278	36.63	42.8±0.9	0.038~0.174	0.170±0.055	Element 2,Finngan（德国）	SF-ICP-MS	NIRS（日本）	[20]
11	青海湖2	4278	36.75	31.9±0.9	0.051~0.176	0.175±0.054	Element 2,Finngan（德国）	SF-ICP-MS	NIRS（日本）	[20]
12	青海湖3	4278	36.82	68.4±2.7	0.125~0.229	0.181±0.029	Element 2,Finngan（德国）	SF-ICP-MS	NIRS（日本）	[20]
13	苏干湖1	120	38.86	20.2±0.8	0.159~0.183	0.174±0.054	Element 2,Finngan（德国）	SF-ICP-MS	NIRS（日本）	[19]
14	苏干湖2	120	38.86	24.2±0.7	0.103~0.195	0.164±0.026	Element 2,Finngan（德国）	SF-ICP-MS	NIRS（日本）	[19]
15	双塔水库	40	40.55	240.6±5.3	0.160~0.192	0.178±0.007	Element 2,Finngan（德国）	SF-ICP-MS	NIRS（日本）	[19]
16	博斯腾湖1	1000	41.93	46.6±2.1	0.167~0.193	0.179±0.006	Element 2,Finngan（德国）	SF-ICP-MS	NIRS（日本）	[13]
17	博斯腾湖3	1000	41.93	56.4±2.0	0.166~0.216	0.179±0.011	Element 2,Finngan（德国）	SF-ICP-MS	NIRS（日本）	[13]
18	博斯腾湖2	1000	41.98	51.6±4.3	0.080~0.219	0.167±0.033	Element 2,Finngan（德国）	SF-ICP-MS	NIRS（日本）	[13]
19	四海龙湾湖	0.5	42.29	62.7±3.2	0.157~0.193	0.164±0.026	Element 2,Finngan（德国）	SF-ICP-MS	NIRS（日本）	[19]

表2

表3

图2

图3

图4

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主要来源	²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu原子比	参考文献
武器级	0.01~0.35	[8]
反应堆	0.24~0.80	[8]
全球大气核试验沉降	0.18±0.014	[12]
马绍尔群岛核试验场（美国,1946~1958）	0.306~0.360	[9]

湖名	柱样名称	^239+240Pu与¹³⁷Cs的线性关系	r²	^239+240Pu/¹³⁷Cs	¹³⁷Cs校正时间
红枫湖	HF20040709S	¹³⁷Cs =63.766×^239+240Pu+5.220	0.878	0.027~0.032	2004年7月
程海湖	CH970608-1	¹³⁷Cs =122.175×^239+240Pu-8.096	0.881	0.008~0.039	1997年12月
苏干湖	2007SG2-1/2	¹³⁷Cs =17.668×^239+240Pu+2.368	0.944	0.042±0.002	1998年7月
双塔水库	2007ST1-3	¹³⁷Cs =71.429×^239+240Pu-11.407	0.967	0.033~0.039	1998年7月
四海龙湾湖	2006SHLW-4	¹³⁷Cs =72.993×^239+240Pu+15.292	0.908	0.025±0.003	1998年7月
博斯腾湖博斯腾湖	06BS2-1	¹³⁷Cs =20.071×^239+240Pu+2.559	0.868	0.036	1998年7月
博斯腾湖博斯腾湖	07BS10-2	¹³⁷Cs =8.455×^239+240Pu+9.158	0.535	0.053	1998年7月