基于均一化资料的西安极端气温变化特征研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.03.017

地理科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 464-473.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.03.017

基于均一化资料的西安极端气温变化特征研究

高文兰^1,²(), 李双双^1,²(), 段克勤^1,², 孔锋³, 王娟⁴

1.陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,陕西西安 710119
2.陕西师范大学/地理学国家级实验教学示范中心, 陕西西安 710119
3.中国气象局发展研究中心,北京 100081
4. 陕西省气象局,陕西西安 710119

收稿日期:2017-03-23 修回日期:2017-05-20 出版日期:2018-03-21 发布日期:2018-03-21
作者简介:
作者简介：高文兰(1985-),女,山西忻州人,博士研究生,主要从事全球变化与极端天气事件研究。E-mail: gaowenlan1@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41701592, 41571062)、中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(GK201703048)资助;National Natural Science Foundation of China (41701592, 41571062), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (GK201703048).

Changes of Extreme Temperature Events in Xi’an City Based on Homogenized Data

Wenlan Gao^1,²(), Shuangshuang Li^1,²(), Keqin Duan^1,², Feng Kong³, Juan Wang⁴

1. School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China;
2. National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education(Shaanxi Normal University), Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China;
3. Research Centre for Strategic Development, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China
4. Shaanxi Meteorological Administration, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China;

Received:2017-03-23 Revised:2017-05-20 Online:2018-03-21 Published:2018-03-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于1960~2015年西安气象站点逐日最高温、最低温数据,采用RHtest软件对非均一化气温序列进行订正,进而选取16项极端气温指数,对西安极端气温变化特征进行分析。结果表明：① 由于气象站点迁移,西安气温资料存在非均一性,导致极端气温变化趋势被低估;② 全球变暖背景下,西安极端气温变化表现出：“快速增温与平稳波动并存,冷暖变化趋势相反,夜晚增暖趋势比白天明显,白天波动变化明显于夜晚,持续性高温事件变化不大,持续性低温事件大幅下降”的变化特征;③ 通过不同区域趋势变化对比、冷暖、昼夜变化关系对比发现,受城市热岛影响,西安极端低温事件减少更为突出,远高于中国其他对比区域（秦岭南北、黄土高原、东北地区等）;④ 在昼夜变化上,西安极端气温变化与中国、全球变化具有一致性,但是通过冷暖指标对比发现,西安极端气温变化具有区域性,表现为冷昼日数下降高于暖昼日数上升,冷夜日数下降高于暖夜日数上升,冷持续日数和暖持续日数共同表现为下降趋势。

关键词: 气候变化, 均一化, 极端气温, 西安

Abstract:

Based on daily maximum and minimum temperatures observed by the China Meteorological Administration at the Xi’an meteorological station during the period 1960-2015, the series exhibiting breakpoints are adjusted using RH test software. Temporal trends of 16 extreme temperature indices are evaluated by least-squares linear regression and moving average methods; the linear trends are significant for 11 of these 16 indices. The trends of extreme temperature indices for Xi’an, China, the globe, and other regions in China are compared. Further, trends of the relative magnitudes of cold versus warm indices and day versus night indices are compared. The results are as follows: 1) Due to the migration of the meteorological station, the value of the temperature series is lower than the original meteorological station data. The warming trends of extreme temperatures are underestimated based on the in-homogeneity dataset. 2) In the context of global warming, extreme temperature variation presents its own characteristics in Xi’an. First, the extreme temperature trends show rapid warming with stable fluctuation, but the opposite trends occur in warm and cold indices; warm indices increase while cold indices decrease. Second, the warming trends are faster during the nighttime than the daytime, whereas the amplitudes of fluctuations are greater during the daytime than the nighttime. Third, warm spell events increase slowly, but cold spell events decrease rapidly. 3) Extreme temperature indices are compared between Xi’an and other regions (the southern and northern regions of the Qinling Mountains, the Loess Plateau, northeast China, etc.). Due to the impact of the urban heat island phenomenon, the decrease of extreme low temperature events is more pronounced in Xi’an than in the other regions compared. 4) With regard to daytime versus nighttime indices, the nighttime indices in all regions show the characteristic of warming faster than the daytime indices. In the case of cold versus warm indices, Xi’an exhibits its regional features: the warming magnitude is faster on cold days than on warm days, and a similar trend is seen on cold nights and warm nights; indices of cold and warm spell durations show a downward trend. Overall, this study indicates that the trends of temperature extremes in Xi’an are in accordance with global warming during 1960-2015.

Key words: climate change, homogeneity, extreme temperature, Xi’an;

中图分类号:

P468.0+21

高文兰, 李双双, 段克勤, 孔锋, 王娟. 基于均一化资料的西安极端气温变化特征研究[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(3): 464-473.

Wenlan Gao, Shuangshuang Li, Keqin Duan, Feng Kong, Juan Wang. Changes of Extreme Temperature Events in Xi’an City Based on Homogenized Data[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2018, 38(3): 464-473.

图/表 9

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分类	缩写	极端气温指数	定义	单位
绝对指数	SU	夏季日数	年内日最高温>25℃的日数	d
	TR	热夜日数	年内日最低温>20℃的日数	d
	ID	冰冻日数	年内日最高温<0℃的日数	d
	FD	霜冻日数	年内日最低温<0℃的日数	d
相对指数	TX₉₀	暖昼日数	年日最高温>1971~2000年第90个百分位值的日数	d
	TX₁₀	冷昼日数	年日最高温<1971~2000年第10个百分位值的日数	d
	TN₉₀	暖夜日数	年日最低温>1971~2000年第90个百分位值的日数	d
	TN₁₀	冷夜日数	年日最低温<1971~2000年第10个百分位值的日数	d
极值指数	TXx	最高温极高值	年日最高温的最大值	℃
	TXn	最高温极低值	年日最高温的最小值	℃
	TNx	最低温极高值	年日最低温的最大值	℃
	TNn	最低温极低值	年日最低温的最小值	℃
持续指数	WSDI	暖持续日数	年日最高温>1971~2000年第90个百分位值的连续6 d日数	d
	CSDI	冷持续日数	年日最低温<1971~2000年第10个百分位值的连续6 d日数	d
	DTR	气温日较差	年内日最高温与最低温差值	℃
	GSL	生物生长季	首次气温连续6 d>5℃与首次连续6 d<5℃间隔的日数	d

指数	本文		东北地区	黄土高原	秦岭南北	长江流域	珠江流域	中国	全球
指数	1960~2015年		1960~2011年	1960~2013年	1960~2012年	1960~2012年	1960~2012年	1961~2010年	1951~2011年
均一化	否	是	否	是	否	否	否	否	是
SU	2.87^*	3.40^*	2.30^*	2.76^*	2.49^*	2.16^*	1.60^*	2.30^*	0.47^*
TR	5.41^*	5.45^*	1.42^*	1.24^*	1.95^*	1.05^*	2.58^*	1.90^*	0.91^*
ID	-0.39	-0.75	-1.74^*	-2.21^*	-0.50^*	-0.42^*	-0.02	-1.70^*	-1.23^*
FD	-5.96^*	-6.96^*	-3.36^*	-3.22^*	-3.39^*	-3.04^*	-0.68^*	-3.40^*	-1.80^*
TX₉₀	-0.21	0.21	0.97^*	2.60^*	1.37^*	1.71^*	1.01^*	1.60^*	0.80^*
TX₁₀	-1.89^*	-2.18^*	-0.86^*	-2.71^*	-0.95^*	-1.03^*	-0.02	-0.80^*	-0.67^*
TN₉₀	4.46^*	5.16^*	2.17^*	3.41^*	2.70^*	2.95^*	1.98^*	2.80^*	1.17^*
TN₁₀	-5.06^*	-5.66^*	-1.80^*	-4.31^*	-2.39^*	-3.45^*	-1.23^*	-1.70^*	-1.09^*
TXx	0.01	0.03	0.11	/	0.05^*	0.14^*	0.10^*	0.19^*	0.11^*
TXn	0.17	0.22	0.39	/	0.26^*	0.28^*	0.22	0.34^*	0.28^*
TNx	0.25^*	0.28^*	0.23^*	/	0.11^*	0.18^*	0.16^*	0.25^*	0.12^*
TNn	0.49^*	0.59^*	0.82^*	/	0.31^*	0.42^*	0.44^*	0.56^*	0.45^*
WSDI	-0.71	-0.59	/	0.68^*	0.56^*	0.73^*	1.23^*	2.30^*	1.18^*
CSDI	-2.58^*	-2.76^*	/	-0.69	-0.29^*	-1.60^*	-0.56^*	-0.40^*	-0.62^*
DTR	-0.29^*	-0.29^*	-0.24	-0.06	-0.07^*	-0.09^*	-0.11^*	/	-0.09^*
GSL	2.69^*	3.50^*	2.62^*	3.16^*	2.38^*	/	0.28	2.80^*	1.01^*

基于均一化资料的西安极端气温变化特征研究

Changes of Extreme Temperature Events in Xi’an City Based on Homogenized Data

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