老年人自评健康的能力-压力模型研究——以广州社区为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.04.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于能力-压力模型,运用多项logistic回归模型分析广州5个社区老年人个人能力与环境压力对其自评健康的影响,并对模型进行验证。结果表明：①社区共分为能力较高型、能力略高型、能力压力相当型和压力略高型4种类型。②能力较高型的中大社区位于边缘区,制约老年人自评健康的主要因素是退休前职业类型和受教育程度;能力略高型的龙口西社区位于最舒适区,促进老年人自评健康的主要因素是收入水平和住房质量;能力压力相当型的里仁洞村和耀华社区位于最大潜能区,制约老年人自评健康的主要因素是住房质量和社区绿化;压力略高型的新基村位于适应不良区,制约老年人自评健康的主要因素是月收入和有无独立卧室。③各类社区老年人能力压力状况与自评健康的关联性,符合能力-压力模型中老年人与环境适应分区。广州案例研究提供了老年人与环境适应理论研究的中国案例,有助于推进能力-压力模型的本土化探索。

关键词: 自评健康, 老年人, 多项logistic回归, 能力-压力模型

Abstract:

Since the Chinese reform and opening policy, the living standards of the residents have been improved. At present, the process of aging in China is accelerating, and older residents are paying more attention to their own health. The ecology theory of aging suggests that the ability of individual body can be reduced with the increase of people’s age, and it is very sensitive to the environmental pressure. Based on the Competence-press model, using multiple logistic regression method to analyze the influence of person competence and environment press on self-rated health in five communities in Guang Zhou, and verify the model. The results show that: 1) Communities can be divided into the higher competence type, the slightly higher competence type, the equal competence-press type, the slightly larger press type. 2) The higher competence type is Zhong Da community which is located in the edge area in the model. Personal competence plays a greater role. The main factors that restrict the self-rated health of the elderly are pre-retirement occupation and education level. The slightly higher competence type is Long Kouxi community which is located in the most comfortable area. Personal competence and environment press match well. The main factors that promote the self-rated health of the elderly are the income level and the housing quality. The equal competence-press type are Li Rendong and Yao Hua communities which are located in maximum potential area. Environment press is more effective. The main factors that restrict self-rated health of the elderly are housing quality and community greening. The slightly larger press type is Xin Ji community which is located in poor adaptation area. Environmental stress has a greater impact on health. The main factors that restrict self-rated health of elderly are monthly income and whether there is a separate bedroom. 3) The relationship between competence-press status and self-rated health of the elderly is consistent with competence-press model. For the application of the theoretical model in China, we carried out an exploration.

Key words: self-rated health, the elderly, multiple logistic regression, competence-press model

中图分类号:

K901

林琳, 郝珊, 杨莹, 钟志平, 蒙美昀, 田嘉铄. 老年人自评健康的能力-压力模型研究——以广州社区为例[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(4): 548-556.

Lin Lin, Shan Hao, Ying Yang, Zhiping Zhong, Meiyun Meng, Jiashuo Tian. Self-rated Health of the Elderly Based on the Competence-press Model: A Case Study on Guangzhou Typical Communities[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2018, 38(4): 548-556.

图/表 8

图1

表1

图2

表2

表3

图3

表4

各社区多项logistic回归结果"

自评健康	自变量	$B$	$Sig .$	Exp $(B)$	自评健康	自变量	$B$	$Sig .$	$Exp (B)$
能力较高型					能力较高型
良好	截距	-3.059	0.002		一般	截距	-5.653	0.000
	月收入	1.845	0.000**	6.328		月收入	1.882	0.000**	6.567
	受教育程度	-1.302	0.000**	0.272		受教育程度	-0.959	0.015**	0.383
	职业类型	-1.501	0.065*	0.223		职业类型	-1.651	0.121	0.192
能力略高型					能力略高型
良好	截距	1.287	0.113		一般	截距	-0.533	0.633
	月收入	0.583	0.012**	1.792		月收入	0.878	0.004**	2.407
	住房质量	-0.747	0.001**	0.474		住房质量	-0.674	0.038**	0.510
	与家人关系	-0.782	0.007**	0.458		与家人关系	-0.922	0.039*	0.398
能力压力相当型					能力压力相当型
良好	截距	3.385	0.001		一般	截距	0.675	0.565
	月收入	0.753	0.001**	2.122		月收入	0.401	0.136	1.493
	受教育程度	0.328	0.083*	1.388		受教育程度	0.429	0.042**	1.536
	住房质量	-1.130	0.000**	0.323		住房质量	-0.992	0.000**	0.371
	社区绿化	-0.894	0.000**	0.409		社区绿化	-0.012	0.962	0.988
压力略高型					压力略高型
良好	截距	1.478	0.394		一般	截距	-5.640	1.906
	月收入	1.594	0.004**	4.924		月收入	1.867	0.004**	6.472
	有无独立卧室	-2.141	0.056*	0.118		有无独立卧室	0.796	0.319	2.216
	与邻居关系	-1.380	0.029**	0.252		与邻居关系	0.456	0.292	1.578

表4

图4

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类型		变量	描述
个人能力		月收入	1000元以下=1;1000~2999 元=2;3000~4999 元=3;5000~7999 元=4;8000元以上=5
		受教育程度	小学及以下=1;初中=2;中专及高中=3;大专=4;大学及以上=5
		职业类型	农业=1;非农业=2
环境压力	住房条件	住房质量	较好=1;一般=2;较差=3
		有无电梯	有=1;无=2
		有无独立卧室	有=1;无=2
	自然环境	空气质量	较好=1;一般=2;较差=3
	自然环境	绿化情况	较好=1;一般=2;较差=3
	人际交往	与家人关系	较好=1;一般=2;较差=3
	人际交往	与邻居关系	较好=1;一般=2;较差=3

变量		龙口西 (人)/占比(%)	中大(人)/ 占比(%)	里仁洞 (人)/占比(%)	耀华(人)/ 占比(%)	新基(人)/ 占比(%)
年龄	60~64	56/35.0	26/15.1	36/33.3	26/21.3	40/39.0
	65~69	40/25.0	40/23.3	38/35.2	18/14.8	23/22.0
	70~74	34/21.3	42/24.4	12/11.1	26/21.3	13/12.2
	75~79	14/8.8	32/18.6	10/9.3	18/14.8	10/9.8
	>80	16/10.0	32/18.6	12/11.1	34/27.9	17/16.5
性别	男	70/43.8	94/54.7	46/42.6	74/60.7	53/51.2
性别	女	90/56.3	78/45.3	62/57.4	48/39.3	50/48.8

自评健康	自变量	Sig.	Exp(B)	自评健康	自变量	Sig.	Exp(B)
良好	截距	0.000		一般	截距	0.034
	月收入	0.000**	2.093		月收入	0.000**	2.019
	受教育程度	0.004**	0.760		受教育程度	0.021**	0.757
	职业类型	0.000**	0.312		职业类型	0.069*	0.549
	住房质量	0.000**	0.646		住房质量	0.003**	0.630
	有无电梯	0.040**	0.646		有无电梯	0.122	0.658
	有无独立卧室	0.010**	0.383		有无独立卧室	0.014**	0.242
	社区空气质量	0.003**	1.489		社区空气质量	0.000**	1.758
	社区绿化情况	0.000**	0.518		社区绿化情况	0.695	1.066
	与家人关系	0.000**	0.448		与家人关系	0.001**	0.501
	与邻居关系	0.315	0.882		与邻居关系	0.378	0.867