上海高新技术企业创新结网影响因子实证分析

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2018.08.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在界定上海高新技术产业和行业分类的基础上,基于上海市科委高技术企业年报系统数据,运用结构方程模型分析方法,比较分析了生物医药产业、电子信息产业、新材料产业和高新技术改造传统产业4类高新技术产业创新网络形成过程中的影响因子、影响路径及影响机制。结果表明：① 高新技术企业创新网络形成过程中主要受到企业规模、企业发展阶段和企业影响力等因子的核心影响,且为正向促进作用;② 高新技术产业不同行业创新网络的影响因子存有较大差异,如政府干预因子对新材料产业创新结网影响较大,且通过投入创新活动资金的形式干预创新网络构建,但对其他产业创新结网影响相对较小;③ 所有制、空间区位和中介服务等影响因子对高新技术企业创新结网的影响均较小,甚至不产生作用。通过4个高新技术产业创新网络影响因子的实证分析,总结归纳了高新技术企业创新结网的形成机制。

关键词: 创新网络, 高新技术产业, 结构方程模型, 上海市

Abstract:

Innovation cooperation has been the common innovation model of innovative firms. Innovation model of firms has experienced technology promotion mode, demand-driven mode, interactive mode, and comprehensive mode, now has entered the fifth generation of innovation network centered mode, which is the leading direction of innovation research in the future. Influence factors, influencing path and influencing mechanism of biomedical industry, electronic information industry, new material industry and equipment manufacturing of Shanghai high-tech industry were analyzed based on the concept definition of Shanghai high-tech industry, the industry classification, and the data of high-tech firm annual report of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission. The results show that, firstly, in firm development stage, firm scale and firm influence are the main factors of innovation network, and play positive roles; Secondly, the role of government intervention in new material industry is the largest, the role in other industries is relatively small and mainly works through the investment of innovation activities, to intervene innovation network construction; Thirdly, the role of firm ownership, space location and intermediary service in the innovation network of four industries is relatively small. Through the comparative analysis of influencing factors of four industry innovation networks, this paper summarizes the impact mechanism of the innovation network of high-tech firms in Shanghai.

Key words: innovation network, high-tech industry, Structure Equation Modeling, Shanghai

中图分类号:

F129.9

曹贤忠, 曾刚, 朱贻文. 上海高新技术企业创新结网影响因子实证分析[J]. 地理科学, 2018, 38(8): 1301-1309.

Xianzhong Cao, Gang Zeng, Yiwen Zhu. Influencing Factors of Shanghai High-tech Industry Innovation Networking[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2018, 38(8): 1301-1309.

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潜变量	可测变量	变量标识
创新结网	专利结网水平	X₁
	联盟结网水平	X₂
	产业链结网水平	X₃
政府干预	创新活动资金投入	X₄
	创新活动服务投入	X₅
	企业纳税总额	X₆
空间区位	经济区位	X₇
	创新区位	X₈
	地理区位	X₉
经济类型	私营企业	X₁₀
	国有企业	X₁₁
	港澳台企业	X₁₂
	外资企业	X₁₃
行业地位	利润总额	X₁₄
	出口创汇总额	X₁₅
	收入占行业比重	X₁₆
中介服务	服务政府部门	X₁₇
	服务企业	X₁₈
	服务其他机构	X₁₉
企业规模	注册资金	X₂₀
	主营业务收入	X₂₁
	年末从业人员	X₂₂
	本科及以上人员	X₂₃
企业发展阶段	企业年龄	X₂₄
	人均工业总产值	X₂₅
	收入占总产值比重	X₂₆

拟合指数	参考标准	生物医药		电子信息		新材料		高技术传统
拟合指数	参考标准	初始	修正	初始	修正	初始	修正	初始	修正
拟合优度卡方检验（χ²）	/	22636	21061	15039	13854	25497	24116	48256	44781
自由度（df）	/	9879	9500	5875	5650	10971	10550	20669	19875
χ²/df	<5,越小越好	2.291	2.217	2.560	2.452	2.324	2.286	2.335	2.253
拟合优度指数（GFI）	>0.7,越接近1越好	0.673	0.759	0.708	0.786	0.824	0.878	0.689	0.823
残差均方根（RMR）	<0.05,越接近0越好	0.285	0.028	0.301	0.017	0.178	0.047	0.333	0.027
AIC	越小越好	5508	4916	3512	3072	5703	5216	11875	10434
BCC	越小越好	5517	4927	3528	3090	5711	5226	11878	10438

作用路径	生物医药产业			电子信息产业			新材料产业			高新技术改造传统产业
作用路径	直接效应	间接效应	总效应	直接效应	间接效应	总效应	直接效应	间接效应	总效应	直接效应	间接效应	总效应
政府干预→创新结网	0.002	0.000	0.002	0.304	-0.219	0.085	0.534	0.000	0.534	0.086	0.022	0.108
空间区位→创新结网	0.170	0.000	0.170	0.128	0.000	0.128	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.039	0.000	0.039
所有制→创新结网	0.000	0.000	0.000	-0.001	0.000	-0.001	-0.118	0.000	-0.118	0.048	0.308	0.356
行业影响→创新结网	0.268	0.441	0.709	0.586	0.256	0.842	0.755	0.008	0.763	0.653	0.145	0.798
中介服务→创新结网	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.013	0.000	0.013	0.059	0.000	0.059	0.100	0.000	0.100
企业规模→创新结网	0.528	0.000	0.528	0.930	0.000	0.930	0.129	0.000	0.129	0.745	0.000	0.745
企业发展阶段→创新结网	0.584	0.043	0.627	0.253	0.169	0.422	-0.165	0.818	0.653	0.164	0.567	0.731
企业发展阶段→行业影响	0.160	0.000	0.160	0.201	0.000	0.201	0.936	0.000	0.936	0.297	0.000	0.297
企业发展阶段→企业规模	0.000	0.134	0.134	0.000	0.055	0.055	0.000	0.840	0.840	0.000	0.937	0.937
行业影响→企业规模	0.836	0.000	0.836	0.275	0.000	0.275	0.897	0.000	0.897	0.194	0.746	0.940
企业发展阶段→所有制	-	-	-	0.011	0.000	0.011	-0.912	0.855	-0.057	0.000	0.987	0.987
行业影响→所有制	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.913	0.000	0.913	0.990	0.000	0.990
企业发展阶段→中介服务	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.057	0.000	0.057	-	-	-
所有制→企业规模	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.754	0.000	0.754