新型城镇化背景下中国流动人口研究：议题与展望

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.01.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究通过4个议题（户籍与人口流动,循环流动、定居意愿及家庭策略,社会网络和移民社区,迁移、流动性和移民的日常生活）,回顾了近年来乡城人口迁移的研究。指出：户籍政策对移民在城市中的生计带来的影响将减弱,移民的住房及在城市的居住模式和居住空间、社会交往、生活方式、移民身份建构及生活空间的重构等将会成为新的关注点。新文化地理学中关于移民“微观化”“生活化”的研究应受到更多的重视。换言之,如何理解移民在个体层面的诉求和移民的日常生活,将会是未来流动性研究的重点。如何立足于国内移民地理研究的基础与发展机遇,批判性地与西方移民研究搭建对话空间和平台,结合当前中国崛起过程中所呈现的前所未有的全球化与城镇化契机,为世界移民研究积累和贡献“中国知识”,将成为未来这一领域学者研究的方向。

关键词: 新型城镇化, 流动人口, 移民定居, 社会网络和移民社区, 人口迁移和流动性, 移民日常生活

Abstract:

Against the background of new-type urbanization, rural-urban migration becomes one of the vital topics for academia and authorities. Meanwhile, migration, as an important spatial phenomenon, brings new opportunities as well as challenge to Chinese cities and society. This means the studies on floating population will be the key part of understanding new-type urbanization in a long time. Therefore, this article investigates the internal mechanism of how migrants make decision, what motivates them to move, and why they stay and attempt to contribute to a better understanding of new-type urbanization in China. This article reviews the recently migration research in China in 4 aspects: 1) Hukou and migration; 2) Circulation, settlement intention and family migration strategies; 3) Social network and migrant communities; 4) Migration, mobility and the everyday practice of migrants. The main findings are as followed: First, the influence of Hukou system becomes decreased while the accommodation, residential modes, residential space, social interactions, everyday life and practice, and identity construction of migrants will draw more attention in future. Second, we should put more emphasas on microcosmic and the everyday life of migrants from the perspective of new cultural geography. In other words, it is important to understand migrants from individual-level research through the lens of mobility. Last but not least, Chinese migration scholars should seize the opportunities to dig the basic geographical research on migration phenomenon, and critically engage with the migration research in western academia. It is important for Chinese scholars to draw the pictures of contemporary Chinese migrants in the era of globalization and to contribute the “Chinese knowledge” to world migration research.

Key words: new-type urbanization, rural-urban migrants, settlement, social networks and migrant communities, migration and mobility, migrants' everyday life

中图分类号:

K901

朱竑,张博,马凌. 新型城镇化背景下中国流动人口研究：议题与展望[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(1): 1-11.

Hong Zhu,Bo Zhang,Ling Ma. A Review of Chinese Internal Migration Research Under the Background of New-type Urbanization: Topics and Prospects[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(1): 1-11.

参考文献 107

[1]	Saunders D . Arrival city: How the largest migration in history is reshaping our world[M]. London: the Random House Group Ltd, 2011.
[2]	国家卫生和计划生育委员会流动人口司. 中国流动人口发展报告2018[M]. 北京: 中国人口出版社, 2018.
	[ National Health and Family Planning Commission of P R China. Report on China’smigrant population development. Beijing: China Population Publishing House, 2018.]
[3]	Chan K W . The household registration system and migrant labor in China: Notes on a debate[J]. Population and development review, 2010,36(2):357-364.
[4]	国务院 . 关于进一步推进户籍制度改革的意见.国发[2014]25号[R]. 北京: 人民出版社, 2014.
	[ The State Council of China. Opinions on further promotion of reform of the household registration system. Guofa [2014]number 25. Beijing: Renmin Press, 2014.]
[5]	李培林, 李炜 . 近年来农民工的经济状况和社会态度[J]. 中国社会科学, 2010(1):119-131.
	[ Li Peilin , Li Wei. the Economic condition and social attitude of migrants workers in recent years. Social science in China, 2010(1):119-131.]
[6]	Zhang L. Strangers in the city: Reconfigurations of space, power, and social networks within China's floating population[M]. California: Stanford University Press, 2001.
[7]	吴缚龙, 宁越敏 . 转型期中国城市的社会融合[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2018.
	[ Wu Fulong, Ning Yuemin. Migrant social integration in urban China. Beijing: Science Press, 2018.]
[8]	Chan K W . Achieving comprehensive hukou reform in China[R]. Chicago: Paulson Institute, 2014.
[9]	Chan K W, Buckingham W . Is China abolishing the hukou system?[J]. The China Quarterly, 2008,195:582-606.
[10]	Zhang L, Tao L . Barriers to the acquisition of urban hukou in Chinese cities[J]. Environment and Planning A, 2012,44(12):2883-2900.
[11]	Lu Y . Does hukou still matter? The household registration system and its impact on social stratification and mobility in China[J]. Social Sciences in China, 2008,29(2):56-75.
[12]	Zhang H . The Hukou system's constraints on migrant workers' job mobility in Chinese cities[J]. China Economic Review, 2010,21(1):51-64.
[13]	Hao P, Tang S . Floating or settling down: The effect of rural landholdings on the settlement intention of rural migrants in urban China[J]. Environment and Planning A, 2015,47(9):1979-1999.
[14]	Huang Y, Guo F, Tang Y . Hukou status and social exclusion of rural-urban migrants in transitional China[J]. Journal of Asian Public Policy, 2010,3(2):172-185.
[15]	Lan P . Segmented incorporation: The second generation of rural migrants in Shanghai[J]. The China Quarterly, 2014,217:243-265.
[16]	Chan K W, Zhang L . The hukou system and rural-urban migration in China: Processes and changes[J]. The China Quarterly, 1999,160:818-855.
[17]	Whyte M K. One Country, Two Societies: Rural-urban inequality in contemporary China[M]. Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 2010.
[18]	Chan K W, Wan G . The size distribution and growth pattern of cities in China, 1982-2010: Analysis and policy implications[J]. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 2017,22(1):136-155.
[19]	Fainstein S S . Mega-projects in New York, London and Amsterdam[J]. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2008,32(4):768-785.
[20]	Zelinsky W . The hypojournal of the mobility transition[J]. Geographical Review, 1971: 219-249.
[21]	Skeldon R . The evolution of migration patterns during urbanization in Peru[J]. Geographical Review, 1977: 394-411.
[22]	Hugo G J . Circular migration in Indonesia[J]. Population and Development Review, 1982: 59-83.
[23]	Hugo G . Urban migration trends, challenges, responses and policy in the Asia-Pacific[R]. Australia: The University of Adelaide, 2014.
[24]	Fan C C . China on the move: Migration, the state, and the household[M]. London and New York: Routledge, 2008.
[25]	De Groot C, Mulder C H , Das M et al. Life events and the gap between intention to move and actual mobility[J]. Environment and planning A, 2011,43(1):48-66.
[26]	Massey D S, Arango J , Hugo G et al. Theories of international migration: A review and appraisal[J]. Population and Development Review, 1993: 431-466.
[27]	Hu F, Xu Z, Chen Y . Circular migration, or permanent stay? Evidence from China's rural-urban migration[J]. China Economic Review, 2011,22(1):64-74.
[28]	Zhu Y, Chen W . The settlement intention of China's floating population in the cities: Recent changes and multifaceted individual-level determinants[J]. Population, Space and Place, 2010,16(4):253-267.
[29]	Tan S, Li Y , Song Y et al. Influence factors on settlement intention for floating population in urban area: A China study[J]. Quality & Quantity, 2017,51(1):147-176.
[30]	Mohabir N, Jiang Y, Ma R . Chinese floating migrants: Rural-urban migrant labourers' intentions to stay or return[J]. Habitat International, 2017,60:101-110.
[31]	Zhang B, Druijven P, Strijker D . Does ethnic identity influence migrants' settlement intentions? Evidence from three cities in Gansu Province, Northwest China[J]. Habitat International, 2017,69:94-103.
[32]	De Haas H, Fokkema T . The effects of integration and transnational ties on international return migration intentions[J]. Demographic research, 2011,25:755-782.
[33]	DaVanzo J . Repeat migration, information costs, and location-specific capital[J]. Population and Environment, 1981,4(1):45-73.
[34]	Haug S . Migration networks and migration decision-making[J]. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2008,34(4):585-605.
[35]	Stark O, Bloom D E . The new economics of labor migration[J]. The american Economic review, 1985,75(2):173-178.
[36]	Fan C C, Sun M, Zheng S . Migration and split households: A comparison of sole, couple, and family migrants in Beijing, China[J]. Environment and Planning A, 2011,43(9):2164-2185.
[37]	Fan C C . Settlement intention and split households: Findings from a survey of migrants in Beijing's urban villages[J]. China Review, 2011: 11-41.
[38]	Zhao Y . Leaving the countryside: rural-to-urban migration decisions in China[J]. American Economic Review, 1999,89(2):281-286.
[39]	Cao G, Li M , Ma Y et al. Self-employment and intention of permanent urban settlement: Evidence from a survey of migrants in China’s four major urbanising areas[J]. Urban Studies, 2015,52(4):639-664.
[40]	Tang S, Feng J . Understanding the settlement intentions of the floating population in the cities of Jiangsu Province, China[J]. Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 2012,21(4):509-532.
[41]	Hao P, Tang S . Migration destinations in the urban hierarchy in China: Evidence from Jiangsu[J]. Population, Space and Place, 2018,24(2):e2083.
[42]	Tao Z . China’s migrant workers[R]. Beijing: the National Social Administration Workshop, 2006.
[43]	Gao W, Smyth R . What keeps China's migrant workers going? Expectations and happiness among China's floating population[J]. Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, 2011,16(2):163-182.
[44]	Tang S, Feng J . Cohort differences in the urban settlement intentions of rural migrants: A case study in Jiangsu Province, China[J]. Habitat International, 2015,49:357-365.
[45]	李斌 . 社会排斥理论与中国城市住房改革制度[J].社会科学研究, 2002(3):106-110.
	[ Li Bin . Social exclusion theory and the housing institution reform in urban China. Social Science Research, 2002(3):106-110.]
[46]	Liu Z, Wang Y, Chen S . Does formal housing encourage settlement intention of rural migrants in Chinese cities? A structural equation model analysis[J]. Urban Studies, 2017,54(8):1834-1850.
[47]	Wu F . Housing in Chinese urban villages: The dwellers, conditions and tenancy informality[J]. Housing Studies, 2016,31(7):852-870.
[48]	Du H, Li S . Migrants, urban villages, and community sentiments: A case of Guangzhou, China[J]. Asian Geographer, 2010,27(1-2):93-108.
[49]	Du H, Li S . Is it really just a rational choice? The contribution of emotional attachment to temporary migrants' intention to stay in the host city in Guangzhou[J]. China Review, 2012: 73-93.
[50]	Mullan K, Grosjean P, Kontoleon A . Land tenure arrangements and rural-urban migration in China[J]. World Development, 2011,39(1):123-133.
[51]	Tang S, Feng J, Li M . Housing tenure choices of rural migrants in urban destinations: A case study of Jiangsu Province, China[J]. Housing Studies, 2017,32(3):361-378.
[52]	Zimmer Z, Knodel J . Return migration and the health of older aged parents: evidence from rural Thailand[J]. Journal of Aging and Health, 2010,22(7):955-976.
[53]	Piotrowski M, Tong Y . Straddling two geographic regions: the impact of place of origin and destination on return migration intentions in China[J]. Population, Space and Place, 2013,19(3):329-349.
[54]	Biao X . How far are the left‐behind left behind? A preliminary study in rural China[J]. Population, Space and Place, 2007,13(3):179-191.
[55]	Lancee B . The economic returns of bonding and bridging social capital for immigrant men in Germany[J]. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 2012,35(4):664-683.
[56]	Bourdieu P. The forms of capital[M] //Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education. G Richardson et al. New York: Greenwood Press, 1986.
[57]	Massey D S, España F G . The social process of international migration[J]. Science, 1987,237(4816):733-738.
[58]	Boyd M . Family and personal networks in international migration: recent developments and new agendas[J]. International Migration Review, 1989,23(3):638-670.
[59]	Massey D S . Social structure, household strategies, and the cumulative causation of migration[J]. Population Index, 1990,56(1):3-26.
[60]	Coleman J S . Foundations of social capital[J]. Cambridge: Belknap, 1990.
[61]	Portes A . Social capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology[J]. Annual Review of Sociology, 1998,24(1):1-24.
[62]	Wiley N F . The ethnic mobility trap and stratification theory[J]. Social Problems, 1967,15(2):147-159.
[63]	Li P S . Social capital and economic outcomes for immigrants and ethnic minorities[J]. Journal of International Migration and Integration, 2004,5(2):171-190.
[64]	Zhang B, Druijven P, Strijker D . Hui family migration in Northwest China: Patterns, experiences and social capital[J]. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 2018: 1-19.
[65]	Wang Z, Zhang F, Wu F . Social trust between rural migrants and urban locals in China—Exploring the effects of residential diversity and neighbourhood deprivation[J]. Population, Space and Place, 2017,23(1):e2008.
[66]	Wu F . Neighborhood attachment, social participation, and willingness to stay in China’s low-income communities[J]. Urban Affairs Review, 2012,48(4):547-570.
[67]	Liu Y, Li Z, Breitung W . The social networks of new-generation migrants in China’s urbanized villages: A case study of Guangzhou[J]. Habitat International, 2012,36(1):192-200.
[68]	Chang K, Wen M, Wang G . Social capital and work among rural-to-urban migrants in China[J]. Asian Population Studies, 2011,7(3):275-293.
[69]	李树茁, 杨绪松, 悦中山 , 等. 农民工社会支持网络的现状及其影响因素研究[J]. 西安交通大学学报: 社会科学版, 2007,27(1):67-76.
	[ Li Shuzhuo, Yang Xusong , Yue Zhongshan et al. The influential factors of social networks of rural-urban migrants in China. Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University(Social Science), 2007,27(1):67-76.]
[70]	Yue Z, Li S , Jin X et al. The role of social networks in the integration of Chinese rural-urban migrants: A migrant-resident tie perspective[J]. Urban Studies, 2013,50(9):1704-1723.
[71]	Zhao M, Wang Y . Measuring segregation between rural migrants and local residents in urban China: An integrated spatio-social network analysis of Kecun in Guangzhou[J]. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science, 2018,45(3):417-433.
[72]	周大鸣. 渴望生存: 农民工流动的人类学考察[M]. 广州: 中山大学出版社, 2005.
	[ Zhou Daming. Eager to live: The anthropological investigation of rural-urban migrants. Guangzhou: Sun Yat-sen University Press, 2005.]
[73]	Zhang J, Zhao Z . Social-family network and self-employment: evidence from temporary rural-urban migrants in China[J]. IZA Journal of Labor & Development, 2015,4(1):4.
[74]	Delaney D . Laws of motion and immobilization: Bodies, figures and the politics of mobility[M]. Wales: Mobilities Conference, 1999.
[75]	Massey D . For space[M]. London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi: Sage Publications Ltd, 2005.
[76]	Harvey D . Spaces of capital: Towards a critical geography[M]. New York: Routledge, 2001.
[77]	Zhang B . Multi-ethnic migration in Northwest China[M]. Groningen: University of Groningen, 2018.
[78]	Cresswell T . Mobilities I: Catching up[J]. Progress in human geography, 2011,35(4):550-558.
[79]	Cresswell T . Mobilities II: Still[J]. Progress in human geography, 2012,36(5):645-653.
[80]	Cresswell T . Mobilities III: Moving on[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 2014,38(5):712-721.
[81]	Langevang T, Gough K V . Surviving through movement: the mobility of urban youth in Ghana[J]. Social & Cultural Geography, 2009,10(7):741-756.
[82]	Nelson L, Hiemstra N . Latino immigrants and the renegotiation of place and belonging in small town America[J]. Social & Cultural Geography, 2008,9(3):319-342.
[83]	Bishwapriya Sanyal . Comparative planning cultures[M]. New York and London: Routledge, 2005.
[84]	Ngai P. Made in China: Women factory workers in a global workplace[M]. Durhanm and London: Duke University Press, 2005.
[85]	钱俊希, 钱丽芸, 朱竑 . “全球的地方感” 理论述评与广州案例解读[J]. 人文地理, 2011,26(6):40-44.
	[ Qian Junxi, Qian Liyun, Zhu Hong . Aglobal sense of place: Theoretical framework and a case study of Guangzhou. Human Geography, 2011,26(6):40-44.]
[86]	Su X . Tourism, modernity and the consumption of home in China[J]. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2014,39(1):50-61.
[87]	Nijman J . Locals, exiles and cosmopolitans: A theoretical argument about identity and place in Miami[J]. Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geographie, 2007,98(2):176-187.
[88]	Lawson V . Questions of migration and belonging: Understandings of migration under neoliberalism in Ecuador[J]. International Journal of Population Geography, 1999,5(4):261-276.
[89]	Gustafson P . Roots and routes: Exploring the relationship between place attachment and mobility[J]. Environment and Behavior, 2001,33:667-686.
[90]	Kothari U . Global peddlers and local networks: Migrant cosmopolitanisms[J]. Environment and Planning D(Society and Space), 2008,26(3):500-516.
[91]	Diener A C . Diasporic stances: Comparing the historical geographic antecedents of Korean and German migration decisions in Kazakhstan[J]. Geopolitics, 2009,14(3):462-487.
[92]	Chamlee-Wright E, Storr V H . “There’s no place like New Orleans”: Sense of place and community recovery in the Ninth Ward after Hurricane Katrina[J]. Journal of Urban Affairs, 2009,31(5):615-634.
[93]	Cresswell T. In place-out of place: Geography, ideology, and transgression[M]. Minneapolis, London: University of Minnesota Press, 1992.
[94]	陈晓亮 . 中国城市新移民的地方协商研究——以东莞和广州的工厂“打工群体”为例[D]. 广州:中山大学, 2014.
	[ Chen Xiaoliang . Urban new-migrants’ negotiation of place: Case of Dongguan and Guangzhou factories’ migrant workers, China. Guangzhou: Sun Yat-sen University, 2014.]
[95]	Macura M , Mac Donald A L, Haug W. The new demographic regime: Population challenges and policy responses[M]. New York and Geneva:United Nations Publications, 2005.
[96]	Goldlust J, Richmond A H . A multivariate model of immigrant adaptation[J]. International Migration Review, 1974,8(2):193-225.
[97]	Jacobs D, Tillie J . Introduction: Social capital and political integration of migrants[J]. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 2004,30(3):419-427.
[98]	Entzinger H, Biezeveld R L . Benchmarking in immigrant integration[R]. Rotterdam: Erasmus University Rotterdam, 2003.
[99]	刘于琪, 刘晔, 李志刚 . 中国城市新移民的定居意愿及其影响机制[J]. 地理科学, 2014,34(7):780-787.
	[ Liu Yuqi, Liu Ye, Li Zhigang . Settlement intention of new migrants in China's large cities: Patterns and determinants. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2014,34(7):780-787.]
[100]	杨传开, 刘晔, 徐伟 , 等. 中国农民进城定居的意愿与影响因素—基于CGSS2010的分析[J]. 地理研究, 2017,36(12).
	[ Yang Chuankai, Liu Ye , Xu Wei et al. The determinants for peasants' migration intentions of moving to cities in China: An analysis based on the CGSS 2010. Geographical Research, 2017,36(12):2369-2382.]
[101]	李若建 . 城镇户籍价值的显化与淡化过程分析[J].社会科学, 2001(9):53-57.
	[ Li Ruojian . An analysis of the course from "Becoming Important" to "Gradually Fading Out"of the value of urban residential registration in China. Social Sciences, 2001(9):53-57.]
[102]	张杨波 . 地方身份秩序, 住房获得与竞争式地方政府——关于中国政府移民政策变迁的制度逻辑[J]. 人文杂志, 2009 ( 6):153-160.
	[ Zhang Yangbo . Region capacity order, housing capture and competition region government. The Journal of Humanities, 2009(6):153-160.]
[103]	罗遐 . 流动与定居—定居农民工城市适应研究[M]. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 2011.
	[ Luo Xia. Floating and settlement——The research of urban adaptation of migrant workers. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2011.]
[104]	李志刚, 刘晔 . 中国城市“新移民”社会网络与空间分异[J]. 地理学报, 2011,66(6):785-795.
	[ Li Zhigang, Liu Ye . Beyond spatial segregation: Neo-migrants and their social networks in Chinese cities. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2011,66(6):785-795.]
[105]	黄建宏 . 市场转型与住房获得不平等[J].理论月刊, 2016(4):112-117.
	[ Huang Jianhong . Market transformation and the inequality acquisition of housing.Theory Monthly, 2016(4):112-117.]
[106]	陈淳, 袁振杰, 朱竑 . 城镇化背景下广州流动儿童对“家”空间的建构[J]. 地理学报, 2018,73(12):2440-2451.
	[ Chen Chun, Yuan Zhenjie, Zhu Hong . Floating children in Guangzhou:The construction of "home" in the context of urbanization. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2018,73(12):2440-2451.]
[107]	鲁奇, 黄英, 孟健 , 等. 流动人口在北京中心区和近远郊区分布差异的调查研究[J]. 地理科学, 2005,25(6):655-663. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2005.06.002
	[ Lu Qi, Huang Ying , Meng Jian et al. Distribution differentiation of imigrants in central part, near suburb and outer suburb of Beijing. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2005,25(6):655-663.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2005.06.002