中国旅游产业投资及旅游发展空间结构响应——基于2000~2015年旅游业三大核心部门数据的分析

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.02.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以旅游业三大核心部门（旅游饭店、旅游景区和旅行社）的固定资产和人力资源投资为研究变量,分析了2000~2015年中国旅游产业投资演化及旅游发展空间结构的响应。研究发现,中国旅游产业投资存在与旅游发展总体协调、省域空间分布不均、年际变化多样和部门差异明显的特征;省域旅游发展响应系数的变化,反映了中国旅游产业投资的“时间磨蚀效应”和“绩效累积效应”;在“空间牵引效应”作用下,中国旅游产业投资促进了中国旅游发展空间结构特征由离散型“核式极化”向连续型“域状扩散”转变。最后,提炼了旅游发展对旅游投资空间响应的实质：以投资为驱动,依据循环积累因果机制,促进区域旅游产业可持续增长。

关键词: 旅游产业投资, 旅游发展, 时间磨蚀效应, 绩效累积效应, 空间牵引效应, 旅游业三大核心部门, 中国

Abstract:

The pattern of Chinese tourism industry is the result of comprehensive development of regional tourism, while tourism investment is a driving factor for regional tourism development. In order to investigate extent and mechanism of tourism investment and its impact on tourism development, the paper analyzed evolution of tourism investment during 2000-2015 in China, based on the fixed assets and human resources investment data in hotels, tourist attractions and travel agencies. Hotels, tourist attractions and travel agencies are known as the three core departments in tourism industry. Conclusions can be concluded as followings. 1) The evolution of tourism investment present characteristic of coordination with tourism development. Thus, the fixed assets investment showed increase tendency in slow speed and the human resource investment firstly increased and then decreased. At the same time, tourism investment in hotels was the largest, which was followed by tourist attractions, and tourism investment in travel agencies was the least. From the perspective of spatial difference, the Eastern China held advantage over the Central and Western China. Meanwhile, the spatial difference of tourism departments among provinces was obvious. Hotels present apparent mostly and travel agencies held small difference. 2) According to the impact index of tourism investment, it was higher for hotels than tourist attractions and travel agencies. The difference of impact index among provinces presented that there were two investment effects, namely the ‘time abrasion effect’ and ‘the performance cumulative effect’, about tourism investment in the three core departments of tourism industry. The time abrasion effect played an important role in the hotels’, tourist attractions’ fixed assets investment and the human resources investment in the whole tourism industry. While the performance cumulative effect only exerts an influence on the fixed assets investment in travel agencies. 3) Based on ‘the spatial traction effect’, the tourism investment led the pattern of tourism development transferring from discrete nuclear polarization to continuous regional diffusion. The paper, at last, analyzed mechanism of the tourism investment’s spatial influence on tourism development and found that the investment was the drive of regional tourism development, and the circulatory accumulation mechanism promoted the sustainable increase of tourism industry.

Key words: tourism investment, tourism development, time abrasion effect, performance cumulative effect, spatial traction effect, the three core departments of tourism industry, China

中图分类号:

F592.7

李涛, 刘家明, 朱鹤, 龙飞, 余文婷. 中国旅游产业投资及旅游发展空间结构响应——基于2000~2015年旅游业三大核心部门数据的分析[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(2): 204-213.

Tao Li, Jiaming Liu, He Zhu, Fei Long, Wenting Yu. Evolution of Tourism Investment and Impact on Pattern of Chinese Tourism[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(2): 204-213.

图/表 8

图1

图2

图3

表1

图4

图5

图6

图7

参考文献 25

[1]	陆林,鲍捷,凌善金,等.桂林-漓江-阳朔旅游地系统空间演化模式及机制研究[J].地理科学,2012,32(9): 1066-1074.
	[Lu Lin, Bao Jie, Ling Shanjin et al. The evolution progress and mechanism of Guilin-Lijiang River-Yangshuo tourism destination system. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2012,32(9):1066-1074.]
[2]	沈惊宏, 余兆旺, 沈宏婷. 区域旅游空间结构演化模式研究——以安徽省为例[J].经济地理,2015,35(1): 180-186. doi: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2015.01.026
	[Shen Jinghong, Yu Zhaowang, Shen Hongting.Evolutionary spatial structure models of regional tourism system: A case study of Anhui Province. Economic Geography,2015,35(1):180-186.] doi: 10.15957/j.cnki.jjdl.2015.01.026
[3]	朱晶晶,陆林,杨效忠,等.海岛型旅游地空间结构演化机理——以浙江省舟山群岛为例[J].经济地理,2006,26(6): 1051-1053, 1066. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8462.2006.06.037
	[Zhu Jinging, Lu Lin,Yang Xiaozhong et al. The analysis of spatial pattern’s evolution mechanism in island based on tourism resort: A case study of Zhoushan islands of Zhejiang Province. Economic Geography, 2006, 26(6):1051-1053,1066.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-8462.2006.06.037
[4]	朱竑,陈晓亮.中国A级旅游景区空间分布结构研究[J].地理科学,2008,28(5):607-615. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2008.05.004
	[Zhu Hong, Chen Xiaoliang.Space distribution structure of A-grade scenic spot in China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2008,28(5):607-615.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0690.2008.05.004
[5]	胡浩. 中国优秀旅游城市空间分布及其交通可达的地区差异分析[J].地理科学,2013,33(6):703-709.
	[Hu Hao.Regional difference of spatial distribution and its transport accessibility of Chinese excellent tourism cities. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2013, 33(6):703-709.]
[6]	何赢. 高铁影响下京津冀区域旅游空间结构演变研究[D].北京:北京交通大学,2016.
	[He Ying.Tourism spatial structure evolution of capital region based on high speed railway. Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University,2016.]
[7]	李涛,刘家明,徐庆颖,等.中国省域文化旅游资本的空间结构与流动:基于主题公园投资数据的分析.地理研究, 2017,36(7):1283-1296. doi: 10.11821/dlyj201707008
	[Li Tao, Liu Jiaming, Xu Qingying et al. The spatial structure and flow of provincial cultural tourism capital in China: A study of theme park investment data. Geographical Research, 2017,36(7):1283-1296.] doi: 10.11821/dlyj201707008
[8]	尹贻梅,陆玉麒,邓祖涛.国内旅游空间结构研究述评[J].旅游科学,2004,18(4):49-54,61. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-575X.2004.04.009
	[Yin Yimei, Lu Yuqi, Deng Zutao.A review of researches on tourism spatial structure in China. Tourism Science, 2004,18(4):49-54,61.] doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-575X.2004.04.009
[9]	刘泽华,李海涛,史春云,等.短期旅游流时间分布对区域旅游空间结构的响应——以云南省黄金周旅游客流为例[J].地理学报,2010,65(12):1624-1632. doi: 10.11821/xb201012017
	[Liu Zehua, LI Haitao, Shi Chunyun et al. The response of short term tourist flows to spatial structure of regional tourism: A case study of tourist flows of Yunnan in Golden Weeks. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2010,65(12):1624-1632.] doi: 10.11821/xb201012017
[10]	汪德根. 高铁条件下区域旅游空间格局变化特征及影响机理研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2012.
	[Wang Degen.The change characteristic and impact mechanism of regional tourism spatial structure under high speed rail conditions. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 2012.]
[11]	Tang X.Y. The historical evolution of China′s tourism development policies (1949-2013): A quantitative research approach[J]. Tourism Management,2017,58(2):259-269. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2016.03.010
[12]	韩卢敏,陆林,杨兴柱.安徽省旅游政策变迁及其空间响应研究[J].地理科学,2016,36(3):431-438. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.03.015
	[Han Lumin, Lu Lin, Yang Xingzhu.Change of tourism policy and its spatial response of Anhui Province, China. Scientia Geographica Sinica,2016,36(3):431-438.] doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.03.015
[13]	Guedes A S, Jiménez M I.Spatial patterns of cultural tourism in Portugal[J]. Tourism Management Perspectives, 2015,16(10):107-115. doi: 10.1016/j.tmp.2015.07.010
[14]	姜付高,曹莉.大型体育赛事对城市旅游空间结构影响及其优化研究——以日照打造“水上运动之都”为例[J].北京体育大学学报,2016,39(11):38-45.
	[ Jiang Fugao, Cao Li.Impact of large scale sports event on urban tourism spatial structure and its optimization: A case study on Rizhao building“Water Sports Capital”. Journal of Beijing Sport University, 2016,39(11):38-45.]
[15]	王露瑶. 文脉视角下城市旅游空间结构演变硏究——以开封为例[D].开封:河南大学,2015.
	[Wang Luyao.Study on the evolution of urban tourism spatial structure based on context analysis: the case study of Kaifeng. Kaifeng: Henan University,2015.]
[16]	秦瑞英. 基于旅游景观认知结构的城市旅游区景观空间配置研究——以西安旅游区为例[J].人文地理,2008, 23(1):88-91.
	[Qin Ruiying.Study on the landscape spatial collocation of the urban tourism area based on the tourism landscape cognitive structure: A case study of Xi’an. Human Geography, 2008,23(1):88-91.]
[17]	Li Tao, Liu Jiaming, Zhu He.The international investment in theme parks: Spatial distribution and decision-making mechanism, an empirical study for China[J]. Tourism Management, 2018, 67(8):342-350. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2017.10.016
[18]	李涛,刘家明,王磊,等.中国外商旅游饭店业投资的空间动态差异与驱动要素解析.地理学报,2017,72(8): 947-957. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201710013
	[Li Tao, Liu Jiaming, Wang Lei et al. Dynamic difference and driving factors to international investment in tourist hotels of China from spatial perspective. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2017,72(8):947-957.] doi: 10.11821/dlxb201710013
[19]	Li H Y, Chen J L, Li G et al. Tourism and regional income inequality: Evidence from China[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2016,58(5):81-99. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2016.02.001
[20]	龙祖坤,杜倩文,周婷.武陵山区旅游扶贫效率的时间演进与空间分异[J].经济地理,2015,35(10):210-217.
	[Long Zukun, Du Qianwen, Zhou Ting.The evolution of time and space differentiation of Wuling Mountain Area tourism poverty alleviation efficiency. Economic Geography,2015, 35(10):210-217.]
[21]	Zhang J, Jensen C.Comparative advantage explaining tourism flows[J]. Annals of Tourism Research, 2007,34(1): 223-243. doi: 10.1016/j.annals.2006.08.004
[22]	Rosentraub M, Joo M.Tourism and economic development: Which investments produce gains for regions?[J]. Tourism Management, 2009, 30(5):759-770. doi: 10.1016/j.tourman.2008.11.014
[23]	中国旅游研究院.中国旅游景区发展报告(2015)[M].北京:旅游教育出版社,2015.
	[China Tourism Academy. China tourism scenic development report (2015). Beijing: Tourism Education Press,2015.]
[24]	中华人民共和国国家旅游局.中国旅游统计年鉴(副本)(2001~2016)[M].北京:中国旅游出版社,2001~2016年.
	[National tourism administration of the People’s Republic of China. The Yearbook of China tourism statistics(Copy) (2001-2016).Beijing: China Travel &Tourism Press, 2001-2016.]
[25]	李涛,陶卓民,刘锐,等.南京农事节庆活动与旅游业发展的时空耦合研究[J].人文地理,2015,30(4):149-155.
	[Li Tao, Tao Zhuomin, Liu Rui et al. Study on temporal and spatial coupling of agricultural festival activity and development of tourism in Nanjing. Human Geography,2015,30(4): 149-155.]

	旅游饭店	旅游景区	旅行社
省域间固定资产投资的标准差（万元）	515.61	197.83	65.79
省域间人力资源投资的标准差（万元）	14.65	6.42	2.72