技术机会、行业异质性与大城市创新集聚——以北京市制造业为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.02.009

地理科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 252-258.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.02.009

技术机会、行业异质性与大城市创新集聚——以北京市制造业为例

孙瑜康¹(), 李国平²(), 席强敏³

1. 首都经济贸易大学城市经济与公共管理学院, 北京 100070
2. 北京大学政府管理学院, 北京 100087
3.南开大学中国特色社会主义经济建设协同创新中心, 天津 300071

收稿日期:2017-12-20 修回日期:2018-02-08 出版日期:2019-02-10 发布日期:2019-02-10
作者简介:
作者简介：孙瑜康（1988-）,男,山东莱阳人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为区域经济与区域规划。Email:sunyukang521@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41671120,71733001,41371005)、国家社会科学基金青年项目(15CJY055)资助

Technical Opportunity, Industry Heterogeneity and Innovation Agglomeration in Metropolis: Taking the Manufacturing Industry of Beijing as an Example

Yukang Sun¹(), Guoping Li²(), Qiangmin Xi³

1.School of Urban Economics and Public Administration, Capital University of Economics and Business, Beijing 100070, China
2. School of Government, Peking University, Beijing 100087, China
3. Collaborative Innovation Center for China Economy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China

Received:2017-12-20 Revised:2018-02-08 Online:2019-02-10 Published:2019-02-10
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (41671120, 71733001, 41371005), Youth Program of National Social Science Fundation of China (15CJY055).

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

引入技术机会理论,解释大城市内部不同行业创新活动的空间分布差异,以北京市为例进行实证检验。研究发现：① 不同技术层次产业的创新活动在城市内部表现出不同的区位选择。除汽车制造业外的大多数高技术产业的创新活动高度集聚在中心城区;中技术产业的创新活动开始由中心城区向近郊区扩散,低技术产业的创新活动主要分布在远郊区。② 行业间创新活动空间分布的差异主要由技术机会来源差异造成。大部分高技术产业的技术源于基础研究、产业间知识溢出、高技术劳动力,往往靠近大学或中心城区;对中技术产业来说,基础研究的影响并不像对高技术产业那样显著;对低技术产业来说,技术机会主要源于本产业的技术反馈,创新部门更倾向于分布在郊区的制造业集群中。

关键词: 创新集聚, 城市内部, 技术机会, 行业异质性

Abstract:

The innovation activities are mainly concentrated in large cities, but the existing studies can not explain the differences of distribution of innovation activities in particular intrametropolitan spaces well. In order to solve this problem, using the technology opportunity theory, this study put forward an agglomeration formation mechanism of the intrametropolitan innovation activities from the perspective of industry heterogeneity. Taking Beijing as an example, we examined the mechanism of the relationship between technological opportunities and innovation distribution empirically. According to the study, the general rule of innovation agglomeration of different industries in large cities is found: 1) The innovation activities of most high-tech industries other than automobile manufacturing are highly concentrated in the central urban area; But to the mid-tech industries, their innovation activities begin to spread from the central urban area to the suburbs, and the large industrial park in the suburbs become the main gathering places. The innovation activities distribution of low-tech industry are mainly distributed in the outer suburbs and presents the characteristics of “total dispersion and local concentration”. 2) The differences in spatial distribution of innovation activities among industries are mainly caused by the differences in the source of technological opportunities. Most high-tech industries’ technological opportunities come from basic research, knowledge spillover among industries and high skilled labour pool, so it is often close to universities or downtown, except automobile manufacturing industry, whose technological opportunities are mainly get from the technical feedback of itself; To the mid-technology industry, the influence of basic research is not so significant as to the high technology industry, but knowledge spillover among industries, high skilled labour and the technical feedback from itself have an obvious effect on their innovation, so they begin to spread from the universities and central urban area. At the same time, technical opportunities of the low-tech industries are mainly derived from the technical feedback of the industry, so its innovation department is more inclined to locate in the suburban manufacturing clusters.

Key words: innovation agglomeration, intramtrpolitan, technological opportunities, industrial heterogeneity

中图分类号:

K901.8/F062.3

孙瑜康, 李国平, 席强敏. 技术机会、行业异质性与大城市创新集聚——以北京市制造业为例[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(2): 252-258.

Yukang Sun, Guoping Li, Qiangmin Xi. Technical Opportunity, Industry Heterogeneity and Innovation Agglomeration in Metropolis: Taking the Manufacturing Industry of Beijing as an Example[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(2): 252-258.

图/表 3

图1

表1

表2

参考文献 23

[1]	吕拉昌, 黄茹, 廖倩. 创新地理学研究的几个理论问题[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(5): 653-661. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.05.002
	[Lyu Lachang, Huang Ru, Liao Qian.Several theoretical issues on innovation geography. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016,36(5): 653-661.] doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.05.002
[2]	Chatterji A, Glaeser E, Kerr W.Clusters of entrepreneurship and innovation[J]. Innovation Policy and the Economy, 2014, 14(1): 129-166. doi: 10.1086/674023
[3]	Audretsch D B, Feldman M P.R&D spillovers and the geography of innovation and production[J]. The American economic review, 1996, 86(3): 630-640.
[4]	Hackler D.High-tech location in five Metropolitan Areas[J]. Journal of Urban Affairs, 2003, 25(5): 625-640. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-9906.2003.00005.x
[5]	李国平, 卢明华. 北京高科技产业价值链区域分工研究[J]. 地理研究, 2002, 21(2): 228-238. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.2002.02.012
	[Li Guoping, Lu Minghua.The research on Beijing’s high-tech industrial regional division based on value chain. Geographical Research, 2002, 21(2): 228-238.] doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0585.2002.02.012
[6]	Muñiz I, Garcia-López M À. The polycentric knowledge economy in Barcelona[J]. Urban Geography, 2010, 31(6): 774-799. doi: 10.2747/0272-3638.31.6.774
[7]	Shearmur R.The geography of intrametropolitan KIBS innovation: Distinguishing agglomeration economies from innovation dynamics[J]. Urban Studies, 2012, 49(11): 2331-2356. doi: 10.1177/0042098011431281
[8]	王缉慈, 宋向辉, 李光宇. 北京中关村高新技术企业的集聚与扩散[J]. 地理学报, 1996,51(6): 481-488. doi: 10.1007/BF02029074
	[Wang Jici, Song Xianghui, Li Guangyu.Agglomeration and dispersion of new and high technical industies in the zhongguangcun area in beijing. ActaGeographicaSinica, 1996, 51(6): 481-488.] doi: 10.1007/BF02029074
[9]	Rosenthal S S, Strange W C.The geography of entrepreneurship in the New York metropolitan area[J]. Federal Reserve Bank of New York Economic Policy Review, 2005, 11(2): 29-54.
[10]	段德忠, 杜德斌, 刘承良. 上海和北京城市创新空间结构的时空演化模式[J]. 地理学报, 2015, 70(12): 1911-1925. doi: 10.11821/dlxb201512005
	[Duan Dezhong, Du Debin, Liu Chengliang.Spatial-temporal evolution mode of urban innovation spatial structure: A case study of Shanghai and Beijing. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015, 70(12): 1911-1925.] doi: 10.11821/dlxb201512005
[11]	Shearmur R, Doloreux D.Place, space and distance: Towards a geography of knowledge-intensive business services innovation[J]. Industry and Innovation, 2009, 16(1): 79-102. doi: 10.1080/13662710902728001
[12]	Klevorick A K, Levin R C, Nelson R R et al. On the sources and significance of interindustry differences in technological opportunities[J]. Research policy, 1995, 24(2): 185-205. doi: 10.1016/0048-7333(93)00762-I
[13]	Strange W, Hejazi W, Tang J.The uncertain city: Competitive instability, skills, innovation and the strategy of agglomeration[J]. Journal of Urban Economics, 2006, 59(3): 331-351. doi: 10.1016/j.jue.2005.10.006
[14]	Ponds R, Van Oort F, Frenken K.Innovation, spillovers and university-industry collaboration: An extended knowledge production function approach[J]. Journal of Economic Geography, 2010, 10(2): 231-255. doi: 10.1093/jeg/lbp036
[15]	Van der Panne G. Agglomeration externalities: Marshall versus Jacobs[J]. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 2004, 14(5): 593-604. doi: 10.1007/s00191-004-0232-x
[16]	刘鑫, 贺灿飞. 技术关联与城市产业增长研究[J]. 地理研究, 2016, 35(4): 717-730.
	[Liu Xin, He Canfei.Relatedness and urban industrial growth. Geographical Research, 2016, 35(4): 717-730.]
[17]	Rosenberg N.Inside the black box:Technology and economics[M]. London:Cambridge University Press, 1982.
[18]	Leiponen A.Skills and innovation[J]. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 2005,23(5): 303-323. doi: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2005.03.005
[19]	Boschma R, Eriksson R H, Lindgren U.Labour market externalities and regional growth in Sweden: The importance of labour mobility between skill-related industries[J]. Regional Studies, 2014,48(10): 1669-1690. doi: 10.1080/00343404.2013.867429
[20]	江剑, 官建成. 中国中低技术产业创新效率分析[J]. 科学学研究, 2008, 26(6): 1325-1332.
	[Jiang Jian, Guan Jiancheng.An analysis of relative efficiency to Chinese low-and medium-technology sectors. Studies in Science of Science, 2008, 26(6): 1325-1332.]
[21]	Dalziel M.A systems-based approach to industry classification[J]. Research Policy, 2007, 36(10): 1559-1574. doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2007.06.008
[22]	谭俊涛, 张平宇, 李静. 中国区域创新绩效时空演变特征及其影响因素研究[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(1): 39-46. doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2009.06.015
	[Tan Juntao, Zhang Pingyu, Li Jing.Spatio-temporal characteristics of regional innovation performance and its influencing factors in China. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016,36(1): 39-46.] doi: 10.11820/dlkxjz.2009.06.015
[23]	杜志威, 吕拉昌, 黄茹. 中国地级以上城市工业创新效率空间格局研究[J]. 地理科学, 2016, 36(3): 321-327. doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.03.001
	[Du Zhiwei, Lyu Lachang, Huang Ru.Spatial pattern of industrial innovation efficiency for Chinese cities at prefecture level and above. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2016,36(3): 321-327.] doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2016.03.001

变量	总体	高技术产业	中技术产业	低技术产业
Uni	0.011	0.343**	0.023	0.012
Div	0.200***	0.252***	0.237***	0.029
Ind	0.022*	0.023***	0.042***	0.297***
Ski	0.011	0.280***	0.112***	-0.011
RD	0.048***	0.039***	0.153**	0.020**
Sci	-0.021	0.078	0.101	-0.022
Tra	0.041***	0.032***	0.057***	0.033*
Hausman检验	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
样本量	980	980	980	980

变量	高技术制造业						中技术制造业				低技术制造业
变量	计算机、通信和其他电子设备制造业	专用设备制造业	通用设备制造业	电气机械和器材制造业	医药制造业	汽车制造业	仪器仪表制造业	化学原料和化学制品制造业	金属制品业	非金属制品业	橡胶和塑料制品业	文教、工美、体育和娱乐用品制造业	农副食品加工业
Uni	0.020*	-0.013	0.461**	0.653***	0.045*	-0.002	0.147	0.030	0.022	0.096	0.025	0.016	-0.032
Div	0.326***	0.262***	0.294***	0.259***	0.079	-0.059***	0.394***	0.210***	0.041	0.273	0.076	0.076	0.059
Ind	-0.001	0.022***	-0.024***	-0.024***	-0.008	0.230**	-0.047***	-0.011	0.100***	0.182**	0.384***	0.469***	0.138*
Ski	0.309***	0.046**	0.038**	0.039*	0.085***	-0.087	0.055***	0.115***	-0.021***	0.005	-0.027	-0.012	-0.033
RD	0.019*	0.017***	0.053***	0.051***	0.713**	0.043**	0.034***	0.026***	0.092***	0.017*	0.078***	0.036	0.008
Sci	0.009	-0.036	-0.066	-0.124	0.166	0.128	0.203**	-0.056	0.251**	0.676**	-0.196	-0.175	0.155
Tra	0.039***	0.049***	0.057***	0.056***	0.415***	0.082***	0.057***	0.034**	0.054***	0.058***	0.068**	0.083***	-0.031
Hausman检验	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
样本量	980	980	980	980	980	980	980	980	980	980	980	980	980

技术机会、行业异质性与大城市创新集聚——以北京市制造业为例

Technical Opportunity, Industry Heterogeneity and Innovation Agglomeration in Metropolis: Taking the Manufacturing Industry of Beijing as an Example

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 3

参考文献 23

相关文章 2

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	刘望保, 闫小培, 曹小曙. 西方国家城市内部居住迁移研究综述[J]. 地理科学, 2008, 28(1): 131-137.
[2]	张文忠. 城市内部居住环境评价的指标体系和方法[J]. 地理科学, 2007, 27(1): 17-23.