德国汉堡生物医药集群研发和商务知识的网络结构与空间流动

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.02.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以德国汉堡生物医药集群为例,基于研发、商务两类人才的社会网络和空间流动,探讨不同认识视角、不同类型知识溢出的空间特征及形成机制。研究发现：① 不同认识视角下知识溢出对地理距离的敏感性存在差异,知识流动相较于知识网络更加依赖地理邻近性。② 不同类型知识的溢出具有差异化的空间需求,研发和商务知识溢出在多尺度空间上表现出强度和结构的异质性。③ 以大学、研究机构、产业协会和跨国企业为中心的地方产学研合作体系,创新能力均衡的国家城市体系以及发达国家之间的技术和商业合作推动知识网络的形成。分流教育和空间均衡的人才培养体系,国内充分的人才空间流动以及西欧北美地区的人才环流促进知识的空间流动。

关键词: 产业集群, 创新, 知识网络, 知识流动, 知识基础, 德国

Abstract:

Knowledge spillover driven by industrial clusters has been considered as a key underpinning for boosting regional innovation. This article takes a case study of the biomedical cluster in Hamburg, Germany, examining social networks and spatial flow of both R&D talents and business talents in order to discuss the geographical features and formation mechanisms of knowledge spillover based on different angles and knowledge bases respectively. Empirical results indicate that: 1) Sensitivity to spatial distance of knowledge spillover based on different perspectives are differentiated. In contrast to knowledge network, knowledge flow to a greater extent relies on geographical proximity. 2) Geographical requirements of knowledge spillover of different knowledge bases differ from each other. Scientific knowledge spillovers and business knowledge spillovers are remarkably different at multi-scales with respect to linking intensity and spatial structure. 3) Local Production-Study-Research cooperation system centered on universities, research institutes, industry associations, and leading enterprises, national balanced R&D-intensive urban system of bio-industry, and selective international research collaborations with global leading regions make a joint effort to the formation of scientific knowledge network. Local diversified industrial structure, national polycentric urban system, and widespread international business collaborations with countries based on geographical, social, and institutional proximity collectively shape business knowledge network. Educational streaming, geographically balanced national talent training system, widespread spatial flow of talents across the country, and circular flow of talents in Western Europe and North America jointly form knowledge flows.

Key words: industrial cluster, innovation, knowledge network, knowledge flow, knowledge base, Germany

中图分类号:

K902

许吉黎, 杨帆, 薛德升. 德国汉堡生物医药集群研发和商务知识的网络结构与空间流动[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(2): 325-333.

Jili Xu, Fan Yang, Desheng Xue. Differentiated Knowledge Bases, Knowledge Networks, and Spatial Flows: Evidence from the Biomedical Cluster in Hamburg, Germany[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(2): 325-333.

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空间尺度	研发知识网络		商务知识网络
空间尺度	联系强度	占比（%）	联系强度	占比（%）
集群内部	157	11.2	67	6.3
集群外部、城市内部	90	6.4	146	13.7
城市尺度（含集群内外部）	247	17.6	213	20.0
国家尺度	475	33.8	439	41.3
全球尺度	676	48.1	411	38.7

空间尺度	研发知识				商务知识
空间尺度	流动强度	占比（%）	节点数量	平均联系强度	流动强度	占比（%）	节点数量	平均联系强度
集群内部	333	20.0	45	7.4	105	15.0	45	2.5
集群外部,城市内部	78	4.7	48	1.6	88	12.5	74	1.2
城市尺度（包含集群内外部）	411	24.7	93	4,4	193	27.5	119	1.6
国家尺度	852	51.3	108	7.9	331	47.2	91	3.6
全球尺度	398	24.0	144	2.8	178	25.3	101	1.8