中国城市网络研究评述与展望

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.07.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

现有研究采用多元化的数据和方法构建并分析城市网络,揭示不同空间尺度下中国城市网络的特征和形成机制。中国城市网络研究的贡献体现在以下4个方面：① 以中国为背景的多尺度城市网络分析对世界城市网络研究具有重要启发;② 强调国家和区域背景,避免了欧美中心论的全球化观点;③ 采用新颖的数据和视角构建城市网络,推动了世界城市网络研究的进展;④ 增强了国内地理学界对城市网络和外部联系视角的重视,促进了学科发展。同时,当前中国城市网络研究也面临挑战。一方面,大量研究主要着力于城市网络的可视化和描述性分析,机制分析薄弱,理论创新不足;另一方面,当前研究的数据和方法日益趋同,迫切需要新的研究视角。未来需要加强方法和理论创新,深化机制和影响研究,并提高研究的政策相关性。

关键词: 城市网络, 城市联系, 空间尺度, 网络结构, 中国

Abstract:

City network is an important perspective to study cities and regions. In recent years, a large number of studies on city networks involving China have emerged. For the one hand, the case study of China has always been attracting the attention of scholars all over the world for the past decades, and remarkable development has been achieved in city network research on China. For the other hand, while the number of publications is growing really fast, some limitations and challenges of this research has also appeared. Therefore, a systematic review to this large body of literature is needed at present. This article summarizes and reviews the progress of city network research on China from four aspects: 1) Data and methods used in city network research on China; 2) The major findings of this research, including network patterns and formation mechanism on different spatial scales; 3) The main contributions of this field; 4) Some limitations of current studies and the prospect for future research. The findings of this article are provided as follows. City network research on China utilizes various data and methods to construct networks, while Social Network Analysis and Complex Network Analysis are applied to the description of city networks. Major findings of city network research on China covers three spatial scales: global scale, national scale and regional scale, which have revealed the characteristics and formation mechanism of city network on China under different spatial scales. Mainly contributions of city network research on China include: 1) Multi-scale studies on city networks of Chinese cities are important inspirations for city network research worldwide; 2) Avoiding Western Centralism views on studying globalization and making up for the major defects in the research of world cities; 3) Using some original perspectives and data to depict inter-city relations, which has promoted the development of world city network research; 4) Bringing the network logic to the studies of Chinese cities as well as helping promote the academic development of urban geography and economic geography in China. Main limitations and challenges include: 1) A large number of empirical studies dedicate to describe and explain the network structure, paying less attention to theoretical innovations; 2) The data sources and network construction methods used are increasingly convergence, leaving no much room for related innovations in future work. Accordingly, we propose that city network research on China should actively expand the research perspective. Deepening the mechanism research and theoretical innovation should also be highlighted. And strengthening policy studying of city networks on China can benefit the further development of this field, which is almost neglected in current stage.

Key words: city network, inter-city relations, spatial scale, network structure, China

中图分类号:

K901

潘峰华,方成,李仙德. 中国城市网络研究评述与展望[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(7): 1093-1101.

Pan Fenghua,Fang Cheng,Li Xiande. The Progress and Prospect of Research on Chinese City Network[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(7): 1093-1101.

图/表 2

表1

图1

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联系数据类型	网络构建类型	使用的数据	具体网络构建方法
模拟联系	模型转化	城市的属性数据（如GDP、人口等）	采用重力模型^[14]、辐射模型等模拟不同城市之间某领域的联系强度
企业内部联系	模型转化	生产性服务业企业^{[3, 12, 17]}不同级别分支机构的地理分布数据	采用连锁网络模型,将APS企业的总部分支的地理分布转化成城市之间的网络联系强度^[15]
	直接构建	所有行业的跨地区企业^{[10, 19]}或特定类型企业^[22,23]的总部分支所有权关系及地理分布	将企业总部分支的所有权联系直接在各城市节点上累加
企业间联系	直接构建	基于调查问卷的企业间合作关系数据^[20,24]、风险投资和企业首次公开募股(IPO)中的企业间服务关系数据^{[6, 21]}、电影产业中的企业项目合作关系数据^[25]等	将生产链联系、企业间服务关系等在城市节点上累加
基础设施联系	直接构建	电信网络和互联网数据^{[26, 27]}、航空客流数据^[28]、公路客流数据^[29]、铁路客流数据^[30]、港口货轮航运数据^[31]等	将基于基础设施的电信联系、互联网联系和交通始发地-目的地(O-D,Origin-Destination)联系等直接在城市节点上累加
其他联系	直接构建	科研论文合著行为中的联系数据^[32]、合作申请专利行为中的联系数据^[33]、微博用户互相关注数据^[34]、基于微博定位的居民移动数据^[35]等	将刻画人口、商品、知识、信息等要素流动的城市间联系在城市节点上累加