地理科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (8): 1340-1350.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.08.016
齐庆华,蔡榕硕,郭海峡
收稿日期:
2018-06-15
修回日期:
2018-09-02
出版日期:
2019-08-10
发布日期:
2019-10-10
作者简介:
齐庆华(1978-),男, 河北保定人,副研究员,主要从事海陆气相互作用与气候和环境灾害风险研究。 E-mail: qqh_2002@163.com
基金资助:
Qi Qinghua,Cai Rongshuo,Guo Haixia
Received:
2018-06-15
Revised:
2018-09-02
Online:
2019-08-10
Published:
2019-10-10
Supported by:
摘要:
基于百分位等统计方法构建极端气候指数,分析中国东部气温极端特性变化的时空格局和趋势特征,探讨其与全球变暖和区域气候变率的关联性。结果表明,近60 a来,中国东部长期增暖趋势明显,高纬度北方地区和冬、春季节气温对全球变暖响应最为显著;相比于日最低气温,日最高气温上升趋势不明显,黄河与长江之间部分地区日最高温度出现下降趋势。全域日较差总体亦呈减小趋势;与日气温极值的平均状况和气候趋势相一致,极端低温事件强度下降趋势明显,黄河以北及东南沿海地区减弱显著。极端高温事件强度增加趋势并不明显,黄淮地区出现减小趋势;年霜冻日数和冰冻日数以及寒潮持续期的长期变化趋势以减少为主。高温热浪的持续期则以增加为主;中国东部极端气温事件频次与强度的演变格局存在同向一致性。极端低温影响指数的分布呈现北部大于南部、内陆大于沿海地区的特征,全域以一致性下降趋势为主,特别是东部沿海降低最为明显。另外,春季极端低温的影响指数大于冬季,且未有明显减小趋势。极端高温的影响指数增强趋势不明显,地区差异较大,指数的大值区影响增强的趋势显著。相比于强度,极端气温事件频次对全球气候变化的响应更为敏感。同时,副热带高压、南极涛动和北极涛动等区域性气候变率可能是调控中国东部极端气温事件形成和演化的重要因素。
中图分类号:
齐庆华,蔡榕硕,郭海峡. 中国东部气温极端特性及其气候特征[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(8): 1340-1350.
Qi Qinghua,Cai Rongshuo,Guo Haixia. The Climatic Variations of Temperature Extremes in the Eastern of China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(8): 1340-1350.
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