平原农区贫困地理格局及其分异机制——以安徽省利辛县为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.10.008

地理科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (10): 1592-1601.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.10.008

平原农区贫困地理格局及其分异机制——以安徽省利辛县为例

周扬^1,^2,³, 李寻欢^1,^2,³

^1. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所区域/可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室,北京100101
^2. 中国科学院精准扶贫评估研究中心,北京100101
^3. 中国科学院大学,北京100049

收稿日期:2019-02-21 修回日期:2019-10-11 出版日期:2019-10-10 发布日期:2019-10-10
作者简介:周扬（1984-）,男,贵州普安人,副研究员,主要从事贫困地理学、乡村振兴地理学研究。E-mail:zhouyang@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42931293);国家自然科学基金项目(41871183);国家自然科学基金项目(41601172)

Geographical Pattern and Mechanism of Poverty Differentiation in Plain Areas: A Case Study of Lixin County, Anhui Province

Zhou Yang^1,^2,³, Li Xunhuan^1,^2,³

^1. Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
^2. Center for Assessment and Research on Targeted Poverty Alleviation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
^3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2019-02-21 Revised:2019-10-11 Online:2019-10-10 Published:2019-10-10
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42931293);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41871183);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41601172)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以安徽省利辛县为例,运用空间自相关分析和地理探测器模型,验证了平原农区是否存在空间贫困陷阱,定量探测了平原农区农村贫困化主导因子,揭示了平原农区贫困化地域分异机制。结果表明：①平原农区农村贫困化存在明显的地域分异规律和空间集聚性,张庄村、贾桥村、徐田村、刘染村、陆楼村长期处于贫困发生率的“高高集聚”区,空间上存在贫困陷阱现象;②区位条件、公共服务等第二地理要素对平原农区贫困化分异起主导作用,自然环境、资源禀赋等第一地理要素的影响作用较弱,到县城中心距离、到主干道距离、公共服务点数量和人均耕地面积是利辛县农村贫困化的主导因子;③交互探测的结果显示,主导因素交互作用的驱动力呈非线性增强。平原农区在精准扶贫的实践中,应重视第二地理要素对贫困分异的增强作用,加强交通设施投入,合理布局公共服务点,促进基本公共服务均等化,为平原农区减贫提供基础保障。为了实现这一目标,亟待强化贫困地理学的贫困发生机制、贫困地理格局和减贫路径研究。

关键词: 平原农区, 贫困地理格局, 贫困地理学, 空间贫困陷阱, 利辛县

Abstract:

Taking Lixin County in Anhui Province as a typical case of plain areas, this article uses spatial autocorrelation analysis on poverty incidences in 361 administrative villages in Lixin County in 2014-2017 to confirm the existence of spatial poverty traps, located in high-high agglomeration areas of poverty incidence. Based on 9 geographical factors, this article use Geodetector model to quantitatively detect the leading factors of rural poverty differentiation in plain areas. The results are as follows: 1) There are also obvious regional differences and spatial agglomeration of poverty incidence in plain areas. Zhangzhuang Village, Jiaqiao Village, Xutian Village, Liuran Village and Lulou Village are the spatial poverty traps of Lixin County, which have been in the "high-high agglomeration" area of poverty incidence for a long time. 2) The second geographical factors, such as location conditions and public services, play a leading role in the differentiation of rural poverty in Lixin County, while the first geographical factors, such as natural environment and resource endowment, play a weak role. Distance to the center of the county, distance to main trunk roads, number of public service points and per capita cultivated land areas are the main factors for the differentiation of rural poverty in Lixin County. 3) The result of interaction detector shows that the driving force of interaction between dominant factors is non-linear. In the practice of Targeted Poverty Alleviation in plain areas, we should attach great importance to the enhancement of the second geographical factors on poverty differentiation, strengthen investment in transportation facilities, rationally allocate public service points to promote the equalization of basic public services and provide basic guarantee for poverty alleviation in plain areas.

Key words: plain areas, poverty geographical pattern, poverty geography, spatial poverty trap, Lixin County

中图分类号:

K901.2

周扬, 李寻欢. 平原农区贫困地理格局及其分异机制——以安徽省利辛县为例[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(10): 1592-1601.

Zhou Yang, Li Xunhuan. Geographical Pattern and Mechanism of Poverty Differentiation in Plain Areas: A Case Study of Lixin County, Anhui Province[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(10): 1592-1601.

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影响因素	具体指标	序号	指标释义
地形特征	平均海拔	X₁	行政村的平均海拔高度（m）
地形特征	平均坡度	X₂	行政村内的平均坡度（°）
耕地资源	人均耕地面积	X₃	耕地面积/农业人口（亩/人）
经济区位	到乡镇中心距离	X₄	各行政村到所在乡镇中心地的距离（km）
经济区位	到县城中心距离	X₅	各行政村到县城中心的距离（km）
公共服务设施	公共服务点数量	X₆	行政村内医院、学校和银行的数量（个）
公共服务设施	到最近服务点距离	X₇	各行政村到附近医院、学校和银行的最短距离（km）
交通可达性	路网密度	X₈	行政村内的道路里程/面积（km/km²）
交通可达性	到主干道距离	X₉	各行政村到高速、国道和省道的最短距离（km）

年份	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉
2014年	0.007	0.028	0.038	0.031^**	0.060^**	0.028	0.001	0.000	0.001
2015年	0.006	0.035	0.047^**	0.035^**	0.066^**	0.049^**	0.007	0.000	0.007
2016年	0.007	0.003	0.007	0.004	0.015	0.004	0.021^**	0.001	0.051^**
2017年	0.003	0.039^**	0.017	0.006	0.058^**	0.026^**	0.001	0.011	0.009
最大值	0.007	0.039	0.047	0.035	0.066	0.049	0.021	0.011	0.051

A	B+C	结果	交互作用类型
X₃∩X₅=0.157	X₃(0.047) + X₅(0.066)	A>B+C	非线性增强
X₃∩X₆=0.112	X₃(0.047) + X₆(0.049)	A>B+C	非线性增强
X₃∩X₉=0.077	X₃(0.047) + X₉(0.007)	A>B+C	非线性增强
X₅∩X₆=0.128	X₅(0.066) + X₆(0.049)	A>B+C	非线性增强
X₅∩X₉=0.116	X₅(0.066) + X₉(0.007)	A>B+C	非线性增强
X₆∩X₉=0.088	X₆(0.049) + X₉(0.007)	A>B+C	非线性增强

平原农区贫困地理格局及其分异机制——以安徽省利辛县为例

Geographical Pattern and Mechanism of Poverty Differentiation in Plain Areas: A Case Study of Lixin County, Anhui Province

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