洛阳城区旅游流空间网络结构特征

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.10.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对网络大数据和社会调研数据的融合、挖掘,构建洛阳市区各景点间游客流动的关系矩阵,基于社会网络和空间统计分析方法,探究洛阳市区旅游流空间网络结构特征。结论如下：①洛阳市区旅游流网络呈现出东南龙门石窟和东北白马寺旅游区极为密集,中心老城区网络联系较为紧密,北部邙山旅游区相对稀疏,西部旅游区几乎孤立的空间分布格局,表现出明显的四大旅游集群的态势。②洛阳市区旅游流网络是典型的核心-边缘网络,且核心景区对边缘景区的“涓滴效用”有限。③洛阳市区旅游节点分为4个系统,分别为一级旅游核心、次级旅游核心、一般旅游节点和边缘旅游节点。④ 一级核心景点涉及面较广,对整体流动具有较强的支配作用,而边缘节点主要受到一级和次核心节点的约束。

关键词: 旅游流, 空间结构, 网络结构, 洛阳市

Abstract:

By integrating and exploring the large network data and social survey data, the relationship matrix of tourist flows among various scenic spots in urban area of Luoyang was constructed. By combining social network and spatial analysis, characteristics of Luoyang's tourist flows network were further analysed. Conclusions were shown as follows: 1) The network of tourism flow in Luoyang urban area showed that the networks of Longmen Grottoes in the southeast and Baima Temple in the northeast were very dense, the network of the old urban area in the center was relatively close, the tourism area in the north is relatively sparse, and the spatial distribution pattern of in the western area was almost isolated. On the whole, there were four obvious tourism clusters. 2) Tourist flows network is typical core-periphery, links between the core spots and the peripheries were very sparse, and the trickle-down effect was limited. 3) Tourism nodes in Luoyang urban area were divided into four systems: the first-class, the second-class, the general, and the marginal tourism node. 4) The first class core scenic spots were more extensive and had a strong dominating effect on the overall flow. The edge nodes were mainly constrained by the first-level and the second-class tourism core.

Key words: tourist flows, network structure, spatial structure, Luoyang

中图分类号:

F590

闫闪闪, 靳诚. 洛阳城区旅游流空间网络结构特征[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(10): 1602-1611.

Yan Shanshan, Jin Cheng. Characteristics of Spatial Network Structure of Tourist Flow in Urban Area of Luoyang[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(10): 1602-1611.

图/表 5

图1

表1

不同流量阈值控制下的洛阳市区旅游流网络拓扑特征"

流量阈值	节点数	路径数	网络密度	内向中心势	外向中心势	中介中心势	平均流量	流量占比
	（个）	（条）		（%）	（%）	（%）	（人）	（%）
$I ij$ ≥ 1	32	426	0.43	6.97	8.68	10.24	29.90	100
$I ij$ ≥ 5	26	384	0.59	8.29	10.41	5.19	32.95	99.33
$I ij$ ≥ 20	18	267	0.87	10.89	14.11	0.69	45.57	95.89
$I ij$ ≥ 50	14	174	0.96	12.61	16.91	0.17	66.43	90.74
$I ij$ ≥ 100	10	88	0.98	14.27	20.67	0.13	116.13	80.27
$I ij$ ≥ 200	5	20	1.00	17.48	30.21	0	277.90	43.04

表1

表2

洛阳市区旅游节点结构指标"

旅游节点	程度中心性		中介中心性	结构洞			网络结构特征
旅游节点	外向	内向	中介中心性	效能大小	效率性	约束性	网络结构特征
龙门石窟	18.00	20.00	99.64	13.26	0.632	0.19	一级旅游集散中心、旅游核心
丽景门	18.00	20.00	100.64	12.29	0.614	0.19	一级旅游集散中心、旅游核心
白马寺	17.00	19.00	70.31	10.97	0.577	0.21	一级旅游集散中心、旅游核心
关林	14.00	14.00	33.79	7.07	0.442	0.25	一级旅游集散中心、旅游核心
王城公园	14.00	14.00	38.32	7.52	0.470	0.25	一级旅游集散中心、旅游核心
中国国花园	12.00	8.00	4.63	3.65	0.283	0.31	次级旅游核心
洛阳博物馆	12.00	12.00	8.86	4.73	0.338	0.29	次级旅游核心、旅游中介
古墓博物馆	9.00	12.00	6.36	4.02	0.335	0.32	次级旅游核心、旅游重要通道
天子驾六博物馆	9.00	12.00	22.74	3.93	0.302	0.30	次级旅游核心、旅游中介
隋唐古城	9.00	12.00	1.59	2.79	0.232	0.32	次级旅游核心
国家牡丹园	8.00	6.00	0.62	1.71	0.171	0.38	一般旅游节点
牡丹公园	8.00	6.00	0.33	1.64	0.183	0.42	一般旅游节点
隋唐城植物园	8.00	9.00	0.69	1.68	0.168	1.04	一般旅游节点
神州牡丹园	8.00	5.00	0.10	1.31	0.145	0.42	一般旅游节点
民俗博物馆	5.00	4.00	22.00	2.17	0.361	0.59	边缘旅游节点、旅游重要通道
国际牡丹园	5.00	3.00	0	1.00	0.200	0.68	边缘旅游节点
开元湖音乐喷泉	4.00	5.00	0	1.00	0.167	0.59	边缘旅游节点
洛浦公园	4.00	5.00	0	1.00	0.200	0.66	边缘旅游节点
三彩艺术博物馆	3.00	1.00	0	1.00	0.333	1.02	边缘旅游节点
洛阳国花园	2.00	1.00	0	1.00	0.500	1.24	边缘旅游节点
周公庙博物馆	2.00	1.00	0.40	1.67	0.556	1.04	边缘旅游节点
邵雍故居	1.00	1.00	0	1.00	0.500	1.39	边缘旅游节点
定鼎门博物馆	1.00	0.00	0	1.00	1.000	1.00	边缘旅游节点
龙门海洋馆	1.00	1.00	0	1.00	0.500	1.39	边缘旅游节点
薰衣草庄园	0	1.00	0	1.00	1.000	1.00	边缘旅游节点
八路军办事处	0	0	0	1.00	0.131	0.12	边缘旅游节点
均值	7.39	7.39	15.81	1.67	0.337	0.42
方差	30.78	39.78	411.00	11.94	0.060	0.17

表2

图2

表3

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景点类型	龙门石窟		白马寺		关林		丽景门		王城公园
景点类型	流出	流入	流出	流入	流出	流入	流出	流入	流出	流入
连接节点（个）	27.00	27.00	27.00	25.00	24.00	21.00	25.00	25.00	25.00	21.00
流量占比（%）	23.08	19.14	17.58	16.90	10.48	11.71	11.86	12.81	6.10	6.12
平均流量（人）	108.89	90.30	82.23	86.08	55.63	71.00	60.40	65.28	31.08	37.14
加权平均距离（km）	16.02	14.66	18.74	21.48	10.71	11.45	9.84	9.96	8.46	11.96