基于活动视角的城市建成环境与居民健康关系研究框架

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.10.010

地理科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (10): 1612-1620.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2019.10.010

基于活动视角的城市建成环境与居民健康关系研究框架

曹阳^1,^2,³, 甄峰^1,²(), 姜玉培^1,²

^1. 南京大学建筑与城市规划学院,江苏南京210093
^2. 江苏省智慧城市设计仿真与可视化技术工程实验室,江苏南京210093
^3. 江苏省城市规划设计研究院,江苏南京210024

收稿日期:2018-09-10 修回日期:2018-11-07 出版日期:2019-10-10 发布日期:2019-10-10
通讯作者: 甄峰 E-mail:zhenfeng@nju.edu.cn
作者简介:曹阳(1989-),男,江苏南京人,博士研究生,主要从事大数据与健康城市规划研究。E-mail:834154997@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41571146)

The Framework of Relationship Between Built Environment and Residents' Healthy Based on Activity Perspective

Cao Yang^1,^2,³, Zhen Feng^1,²(), Jiang Yupei^1,²

^1. School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China
^2. Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Smart City Design Simulation & Visualization, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, Jiangsu, China;
^3. Jiangsu Urban Planning and Design Institute, Nanjing 210024, Jiangsu, China

Received:2018-09-10 Revised:2018-11-07 Online:2019-10-10 Published:2019-10-10
Contact: Zhen Feng E-mail:zhenfeng@nju.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571146)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

快速城镇化在改变城市空间形态与布局的同时也对公众健康产生了间接影响,城市建成环境对居民健康的影响过程与作用模式的研究,一直是预防医学、地理学与环境科学等多学科关注的热点。以居民日常体力活动为中介变量,围绕“城市建成环境与居民健康关系”这一健康地理学研究的重要分支方向,提炼了不同尺度建成环境与居民健康关系的概念模型与作用模式。在此基础上,提出了“建成环境客观组织-居民主观感知-体力活动促进-健康效应产出”系统性研究框架,并从数据来源、研究方法、重点研究内容3个方面阐述了具体研究思路,认为通过居民活动识别空间利用与方案优化是未来微观尺度健康地理研究的重要结合方向,为后续实证研究提供理论支撑与范式借鉴,同时也为相关公共卫生政策制定提供参考依据。

关键词: 建成环境, 体力活动, 健康效应, 研究框架

Abstract:

Rapid urbanization has an indirect impact on public health while changing the shape and layout of urban space. The study on the process and mode of urban built environment on residents' health has always been a hot topic of preventive medicine, geography and environmental science. Based on the residents' daily physical activity, this paper focuses on the important branching direction of the research on the relationship between urban built environment and residents' health, clearly defined the conceptual model and action pattern between different scale built environment and residents' health. On this basis, the paper proposes a systematic research framework based on the logical structure of ‘Built environment objective organization-residents' subjective perception-physical activity promotion-health effect output’, and elaborates the specific research ideas from three aspects of data sources, research methods and key research contents. It is believed that residents' daily activities are critical to reveal the space utilization and layout optimization. It is an important combination direction for the development of micro-scale health geography in the future. The study provides theoretical support and paradigm for subsequent empirical research, and also provides reference for relevant public health policy.

Key words: built environment, physical activities, healthy effect, research framework

中图分类号:

C913.3

曹阳, 甄峰, 姜玉培. 基于活动视角的城市建成环境与居民健康关系研究框架[J]. 地理科学, 2019, 39(10): 1612-1620.

Cao Yang, Zhen Feng, Jiang Yupei. The Framework of Relationship Between Built Environment and Residents' Healthy Based on Activity Perspective[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2019, 39(10): 1612-1620.

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环境类型	基本含义	组成要素	影响健康形式
建成环境	通过人为规划设计、建设改造等方式构建的城市功能空间、交通系统等实体空间	土地利用、交通系统、建筑环境以及基础设施等多要素构成的空间组织	通过促进公众体力活动、促进邻里交往等方式主动干预居民身心健康
人居环境	人居环境是人类工作劳动、生活居住、休憩游乐和社会交往的空间场所	从人类聚居整体的角度强调政治、社会、文化、技术等各要素体系的综合协同	通过协同整合不同要素,实现人类生产、生活、生态空间的动态平衡,进而为人类营造健康稳定的栖息环境
邻里环境	作为微观社会环境的体现形式,是社会组织环境与各种公众的关系网络	包括个体、家庭或团体组织的社会、经济、文化和心理等范畴	良好的邻里环境能够消除各种犯罪诱因,相应促进居民户外交往等体力活动的产生
自然环境	主要指由水土、地域、气候等自然事物所形成的环境	包括大气圈、水圈、生物圈、土壤圈、岩石圈5个组成部分	通过良好的空气质量与气候环境等直接影响居民健康

空间尺度	要素组织	客观指标评定	主观感知评价
城市片区	城市空间形态	职住空间平衡性	出行便利性
	城市空间形态	城市绿地与开放空间可达性
	道路交通组织	道路交通状况（包括流量、速度、管理设施等）
	道路交通组织	公交供给水平	资源供给度
街道社区	土地开发强度	社区各类公服设施种类、数量	设施可达性
	慢行道路供给	路径类型、表面材质、衔接水平、街道宽度等	道路可步行性
		道路照明、监控设施	道路可步行性
		交叉路口、边缘宽度、辅助设施、犯罪率	设施安全性
	开场空间布置	绿地空间、街道维护、休闲娱乐设施、环境卫生	环境美观性

活动分类	基本含义	主要活动场所	活动形式	基本特征	健康效应
休闲型	以休憩娱乐为目的的身体活动	一般发生在娱乐设施、景区绿地、学校、工厂等场所	景区游玩、散步、邻里交往等形式	一般耗时在0.5 h以上, 活动强度中等	适当的体力活动对改善慢性疾病与亚健康状态（BMI指数）起着积极作用,而超量或体力活动不足将损害健康水平
交通型	以日常通勤出行为主的身体活动	一般发生于非机动车道或步行道	非机动车或步行等交通方式	一般耗时在0.5 h左右, 活动强度较大
家务型	以家务类工作为主的身体活动	一般发生于住宅空间	买菜做饭、卫生打扫、洗碗洗衣等形式	一般耗时在1 h以内, 活动强度一般
职业型	以体力型工作为主的身体活动	一般位于工作单位	各种职业类型的体力劳动	一般耗时较长,活动强度较大

研究方法	数据来源	研究尺度	文献来源
常规统计分析（多元概率模型、二层嵌套Logit模型、多项式Logit模型、Logistic回归模型等）	统计年鉴与问卷访谈	主要为街区尺度与村镇尺度	Cutchin M P^[38]; Baer L D^[39]; 孙斌栋等^[16]; 阎宏; 齐兰兰等^[22]; 周素红等^[23]
定性分析（通过文献比较,综述研究思路、方法与重点方向）	相关文献资料	主要为城市尺度	Kearns R et al. [^40]; Parr H^[41]; Dummer T J B^[42];柴彦威等^[13]; 吴江洁等^[17]
基础空间分析（GIS空间位置制图、GIS可达性分析、最短距离分析等）	统计年鉴与抽样问卷访谈	主要为城市尺度	Rosero-Bixby L. [^43]; Wan N et al. [^44]; Dai D^[45]
时空统计分析（空间自相关模型、空间热点探测模型、地理探测器模型等）	统计年鉴与抽样问卷访谈	区域、城市、街区等不同尺度	Ren Y et al. [^45]; 廖一兰等^[21]

基于活动视角的城市建成环境与居民健康关系研究框架

The Framework of Relationship Between Built Environment and Residents' Healthy Based on Activity Perspective

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