城市内涝灾害受灾人口评估方法与实证研究：以哈尔滨市道里区为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.01.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

城市内涝灾害频发,对居民生命安全造成严重威胁,为提高城市内涝灾害受灾人口评估精度,提出一种更为精确的受灾人口评估方法。以哈尔滨市道里区为研究区,以城市内涝灾害受灾人口为研究对象,运用一、二维非恒定流为主控方程,构建城市内涝数值模拟模型,并结合受灾人口分布特点,综合构建基于土地利用的人口随时间变化的计算模型。实现在模拟内涝灾害影响范围基础上,利用受灾人口计算模型提取白天与夜晚受灾人口分布情况。结果表明：研究区在百年一遇降雨情景下,有25条街道会发生不同程度积水,积水深度范围值为0.10~1.42 m;此级别内涝灾害在白天11条街道受灾人口数量最大值达到3 500人,夜晚10条街道受灾人口数量最大值为720人。

关键词: 内涝灾害, 内涝数值模拟模型, 受灾人口评估, 哈尔滨

Abstract:

The frequent occurrence of urban waterlogging disaster has a grave threat to the life safety of residents. In order to improve the accuracy of urban waterlogging disaster assessment, a more accurate assessment method for the affected population has been proposed. Regarded Daoli District of Harbin City as the research area, and the population affected by urban waterlogging disaster as the research object, it built the numerical simulation model of urban waterlogging by took the first and the second dimensional unsteady flow as the main governing equations. It constructed the calculation model of the population change with time based on land use though combined with the distribution characteristics of the affected population. Based on the simulation of the influence scope of the waterlogging disaster, it extracted the distribution of the affected population in the day and night with the calculation model of the affected population. The result indicates that, in the case of 100 year rainfall in the study area, there are 25 streets, with the range of ponding depth of 0.10-1.42 m, had different degree of ponding. The maximum number of people affected by this level of waterlogging disaster reached 3 500 in 11 streets during the day and 720 in 10 streets at night.

Key words: waterlogging disaster, waterlogging numerical simulation model, affected population assessment, Harbin

中图分类号:

陈鹏, 赵洪阳, 张继权, 张硕, 鲍建华, 刘晓静. 城市内涝灾害受灾人口评估方法与实证研究：以哈尔滨市道里区为例[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(1): 158-164.

Chen Peng, Zhao Hongyang, Zhang Jiquan, Zhang Shuo, Bao Jianhua, Liu Xiaojing. Assessment Method and Empirical Study on the Population Affected by Urban Waterlogging Disaster: Daoli District of Harbin as an Example[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2020, 40(1): 158-164.

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积水位置	实测值（m）	计算值（m）	绝对误差（m）
石头道街桥下	1.100	1.070	-0.030
透笼街与买卖街交汇处	0.400	0.426	0.026
透笼街与兆麟街交汇处	0.380	0.312	-0.068
安顺街与经纬二道街交汇处	0.700	0.727	0.027
安发街与安顺街交汇处	0.560	0.509	-0.051