中国空气质量时空变化特征

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.02.004

地理科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 190-199.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.02.004

中国空气质量时空变化特征

张向敏^1,², 罗燊¹, 李星明¹(), 李卓凡¹, 樊勇^2,³, 孙健武²

^1. 华中师范大学地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉 430079
^2. 信阳师范学院地理科学学院,河南信阳 464000
^3. 深圳大学建筑与城市规划学院智慧城市研究院和空间信息智能感知与服务深圳市重点实验室,广东深圳 518000

收稿日期:2019-02-15 修回日期:2019-05-23 出版日期:2020-02-10 发布日期:2020-04-09
通讯作者: 李星明 E-mail:xingming@mail.ccnu.edu.cn
作者简介:张向敏（1983-）,女,河南新乡人,博士研究生,主要从事区域发展与城乡规划研究。E-mail: xyzxm@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41671179);国家自然科学基金项目(41701187);河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2016BJJ046);河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2017CJJ093);河南省教育厅人文社会科学研究项目(2019-ZZJH-178);信阳师范学院青年骨干教师资助计划(2016GGJS-02);信阳师范学院青年科研基金项目资助(2018-QN-039)

Spatio-temporal Variation Features of Air Quality in China

Zhang Xiangmin^1,², Luo Shen¹, Li Xingming¹(), Li Zhuofan¹, Fan Yong^2,³, Sun Jianwu²

^1. Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis & Simulation of Hubei Province, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China;
^2. School of Geographic Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, Henan, China
^3. Research Institute for Smart Cities & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Smart Sensing and Services, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China;

Received:2019-02-15 Revised:2019-05-23 Online:2020-02-10 Published:2020-04-09
Contact: Li Xingming E-mail:xingming@mail.ccnu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41671179);National Natural Science Foundation of China(41701187);Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Henan Province(2016BJJ046);Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Henan Province(2017CJJ093);Humanities and Social Science Research Project of Henan Provincial Department of Education(2019-ZZJH-178);Funding Project for Young Key Teachers of Xinyang Normal University(2016GGJS-02);Youth Research Fund Project of Xinyang Normal University(2018-QN-039)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于2015年中国343个地区空气质量指数（AQI）数据,运用统计分析和空间自相关分析方法,对全国及陆地表层系统九大区域空气质量时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明：① 全国及九大区域空气质量春季较差、夏秋优良、冬季最差,AQI季节均值呈现“U”形变化特征。② 全国及九大区域AQI月均值变化趋势呈现“L”形特征。③ 全国及九大区域AQI日均值变化趋势呈现周期性W~脉冲型波动规律。④ “高污染”和“低污染”区域呈现出北高南低的南北分异格局。⑤ 九大区域首要污染物频次结构差异明显,频次最高的首要污染物PM_2.5或者PM₁₀在空间上呈现出明显的东西分异格局。

关键词: 空气质量, 空间自相关, 九大区域, 中国

Abstract:

Cross-regional air pollution control is an urgent problem in ecological civilization construction. Based on the daily air quality index (AQI) data of 343 districts in China in 2015, used the statistical analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis method, the temporal and spatial distribution features of air quality in China and nine regions of the terrestrial surface system was analyzed. The results show that: 1) The seasonal mean values of AQI in the whole country and nine major regions show the air quality is worse in spring, is excellent in summer and autumn, and falls to its worst in winter. Meanwhile, the seasonal mean values of AQI show a “U” shape. 2) The monthly mean values of AQI in the whole country and nine major regions show a “L” shape. 3) The daily mean values of AQI in the whole country and nine major regions show a periodic W-pulse fluctuation pattern. 4) The “hot spot” and “cold spot” regions demonstrate the differential pattern of being high and hot in the North and being low and cold in the South. 5) The frequency structure of the primary pollutant in the nine regions is significantly diversified, and the highest frequency of the primary pollutant PM_2.5 or PM₁₀ has a clear differential pattern between the East and the West.

Key words: air quality, spatial autocorrelation, nine regions, China

中图分类号:

X144

张向敏, 罗燊, 李星明, 李卓凡, 樊勇, 孙健武. 中国空气质量时空变化特征[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(2): 190-199.

Zhang Xiangmin, Luo Shen, Li Xingming, Li Zhuofan, Fan Yong, Sun Jianwu. Spatio-temporal Variation Features of Air Quality in China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2020, 40(2): 190-199.

图/表 5

参考文献 28

[1]	张向敏, 罗燊, 李卓凡 , 等. 中国空气质量空间格局影响因素研究[J]. 信阳师范学院学报(自然科学版), 2020,33(1):1-6.
	[ Zhang Xiangmin, Luo Shen, Li Zhuofan et al. Impact factors research of spatial pattern of air quality in China. Journal of Xinyang Normal University(Natural Science Edition), 2020,33(1):1-6.]
[2]	国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2016.
	[ National Bureau of Statistics of China. China statistical yearbook. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2016.]
[3]	Wang Yuesi, Yao Li, Wang Lili et al. Mechanism for the formation of the January 2013 heavy haze pollution episode over central and eastern China[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2014,57(1):14-25.
[4]	Andersen Z J, Pedersen M, Weinmayr G et al. Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and incidence of brain tumor: The European study of cohorts for air pollution effects (ESCAPE)[J]. Neuro Oncol, 2018,20(3):420-432.
[5]	Yoo E H, Brown P, Eum Y . Ambient air quality and spatio-temporal patterns of cardiovascular emergency department visits[J]. International Journal of Health Geographics, 2018,17(1):18.
[6]	Lin Xueqin, Wang Dai . Spatiotemporal evolution of urban air quality and socioeconomic driving forces in China[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2016,26(11):1533-1549.
[7]	李小飞, 张明军, 王圣杰 , 等. 中国空气污染指数变化特征及影响因素分析[J]. 环境科学, 2012,33(6):1936-1943.
	[ Li Xiaofei, Zhang Mingjun, Wang Shengjie et al. Variation characteristics and influencing factors of air pollution index in China. Environmental Science, 2012,33(6):1936-1943.]
[8]	Zhan Dongsheng, Kwan M P, Zhang Wenzhong et al. The driving factors of air quality index in China[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018,197(6) : 1342-1351.
[9]	丁镭, 刘超, 黄亚林 , 等. 湖北省城市环境空气质量时空演化格局及影响因素[J]. 经济地理, 2016,36(3):170-178.
	[ Ding Lei, Liu Chao, Huang Yalin et al. Spatial and temporal characteristics of urban ambient air quality and its main influence factors in Hubei Province. Economic Geography, 2016,36(3):170-178.]
[10]	周兆媛, 张时煌, 高庆先 , 等. 京津冀地区气象要素对空气质量的影响及未来变化趋势分析[J]. 资源科学, 2014,36(1):191-199.
	[ Zhou Zhaoyuan, Zhang Shihuang, Gao Qingxian et al. The impact of meteorological factors on air quality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and trend analysis. Resource Science, 2014,36(1):191-199.]
[11]	李珊珊, 程念亮, 徐峻 , 等. 2014年京津冀地区 PM_2.5浓度时空分布及来源模拟[J]. 中国环境科学, 2015,35(10):2908-2916.
	[ Li Shanshan, Cheng Nianliang, Xu Jun et al. Spatial and temporal distrubions and source simulation of PM_2.5 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in 2014. China Environmental Science, 2015,35(10):2908-2916.]
[12]	徐建辉, 江洪 . 长江三角洲PM_2.5质量浓度遥感估算与时空分布特征[J]. 环境科学, 2015,36(9):3120-3127.
	[ Xu Jianhui, Jiang Hong . Estimation of PM_2.5 concentration over the Yangtze Delta using remote sensing: Analysis of spatial and temporal variations. Environmental Science, 2015,36(9):3120-3127.]
[13]	张智胜, 陶俊, 谢绍东 , 等. 成都城区PM_2.5季节污染特征及来源解析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2013,33(11):2947-2952.
	[ Zhang Zhisheng, Tao Jun, Xie Shaodong et al. Seasonal variations and source apportionment of PM_2.5 at urban area of Chengdu. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2013,33(11):2947-2952.]
[14]	Zhao Xiangwei, Gao Qian, Sun Meng et al. Statistical analysis of spatiotemporal heterogeneity of the distribution of air quality and dominant air pollutants and the effect factors in Qingdao Urban Zones[J]. Atmosphere, 2018,9(4):135.
[15]	杜君平, 朱玉霞, 刘锐 , 等. 基于OMI数据的中国臭氧总量时空分布特征[J]. 中国环境监测, 2014,30(2):191-196.
	[ Du Junping, Zhu Yuxia, Liu Rui et al. Analysis on spatiotemporal characteristics of total column ozone over China Based on OMI product. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2014,30(2):191-196.]
[16]	熊欢欢, 梁龙武, 曾赠 , 等. 中国城市PM_2.5时空分布的动态比较分析[J]. 资源科学, 2017,39(1):136-146.
	[ Xiong Huanhuan, Liang Longwu, Zeng Zeng et al. Dynamic analysis of PM_2.5 spatial-temporal characteristics in China. Resource Science, 2017,39(1):136-146.]
[17]	李名升, 任晓霞, 于洋 , 等. 中国大陆城市PM_2.5污染时空分布规律[J]. 中国环境科学, 2016,36(3):641-650.
	[ Li Mingsheng, Ren Xiaoxia, Yu Yang et al. Spatiotemporal pattern of ground-level fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) pollution in mainland China. Chinese Environmental Science, 2016,36(3):641-650.]
[18]	陈欣, 刘喆, 吴佩林 . 中国城市空气质量的“春节效应”分析——来自31个重点城市的经验证据[J]. 统计与信息论坛, 2014,29(12):57-62.
	[ Chen Xin, Liu Zhe, Wu Peilin . Analysis on Chinese urban air quality’s "Spring Festival effect": Evidence from 31 key cities in China. Statistics ＆ Information Tribune, 2014,29(12):57-62.]
[19]	彭丽思, 孙涵, 聂飞飞 . 中国大气污染时空格局演变及影响因素研究[J]. 环境经济研究, 2017,2(1):42-56.
	[ Peng Lisi, Sun Han, Nie Feifei . The evolution of temporal and spatial pattern and influencing factors of the air pollution in China. Environmental Economics Research, 2017,2(1):42-56.]
[20]	Zhou Liang, Zhou Chenghu, Yang Fan et al. Spatio-temporal evolution and the influencing factors of PM_2.5 in China between 2000 and 2015[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2019,29(2):253-270.
[21]	王艳东, 荆彤, 姜伟 , 等. 利用社交媒体数据模拟城市空气质量趋势面[J]. 武汉大学学报(信息科学版), 2017,42(1):14-20.
	[ Wang Yandong, Jing Tong, Jiang Wei et al. Modeling urban air quality trend surface using social media data. Journal and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2017,42(1):14-20.]
[22]	杨昆, 杨玉莲, 朱彦辉 , 等. 中国PM_2.5污染与社会经济的空间关系及成因[J]. 地理研究, 2016,35(6):1051-1060.
	[ Yang Kun, Yang Yulian, Zhu Yanhui et al. Social and economic drivers of PM_2.5 and their spatial relationship in China. Geographic Research, 2016,35(6):1051-1060.]
[23]	王跃启, 江洪, 张秀英 , 等. 基于OMI卫星遥感数据的中国对流层NO₂时空分布[J]. 环境科学研究, 2009,22(8):932-937.
	[ Wang Yueqi, Jiang Hong, Zhang Xiuying et al. Temporal-spatial distribution of tropospheric NO₂ in China using OMI satellite remote sensing data. Environmental Science Research, 2009,22(8):932-937.]
[24]	王振波, 方创琳, 许光 , 等. 2014年中国城市PM_2.5浓度的时空变化规律[J]. 地理学报, 2015,70(11):1720-1734.
	[ Wang Zhenbo, Fang Chuanglin, Xu Guang et al. Spatial-temporal characteristics of the PM_2.5 in China in 2014. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2015,70(11):1720-1734.]
[25]	Zhou Zhixiang, Guo Xiumei, Wu Huaqing et al. Evaluating air quality in China based on daily data: Application of integer data envelopment analysis[J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018,198(10):304-311.
[26]	柏玲, 姜磊, 周海峰 , 等. 长江经济带空气质量指数的时空特征及驱动因素分析——基于贝叶斯空间计量模型的实证[J]. 地理科学, 2018,38(12):2100-2108.
	[ Bai Ling, Jiang Lei, Zhou Haifeng et al. Spatio-temporal characteristics of air quality index and its driving factors in the Yangtze River Economic Belt: An empirical study based on bayesian spatial econometric model. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018,38(12):2100-2108.]
[27]	姜磊, 周海峰, 柏玲 . 外商直接投资对空气污染影响的空间异质性分析——以中国150个城市空气质量指数(AQI)为例[J]. 地理科学, 2018,38(3):351-360.
	[ Jiang Lei, Zhou Haifeng, Bai Ling . Spatial heterogeneity analysis of impacts of foreign direct investment on air pollution: empirical evidence from 150 cities in China based on AQI. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2018,38(3):351-360.]
[28]	葛全胜, 赵名茶, 郑景云 , 等. 中国陆地表层系统分区初探[J]. 地理学报, 2002,57(5):515-522.
	[ Ge Quansheng, Zhao Mingcha, Zheng Jingyun et al. Study on division of the terrestrial system in China. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2002,57(5):515-522.]

中国空气质量时空变化特征

Spatio-temporal Variation Features of Air Quality in China

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 5

参考文献 28

相关文章 15

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	张子昂, 保继刚. 多重距离对中国入境与出境旅游流的影响:基于组态的视角[J]. 地理科学, 2021, 41(1): 13-21.
[2]	刘云刚, 刘玄宇, 张争胜. 渔民视角下中国南海的领域构建[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(7): 1062-1071.
[3]	夏函, 张万顺, 彭虹, 李琳, 黄攀攀, 夏晶晶. 基于主体功能区规划的中国城市化地区生态功能评估[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(6): 882-889.
[4]	罗小龙, 曹姝君, 顾宗倪. 回流城镇化：中部地区城镇化开启新路径[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(5): 685-690.
[5]	高岩辉, 杨晴青, 梁璐, 赵永宏. 基于POI数据的西安市零售业空间格局及影响因素研究[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(5): 710-719.
[6]	吴媛媛, 宋玉祥. 中国人口老龄化空间格局演变及其驱动因素[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(5): 768-775.
[7]	沈中健, 曾坚. 厦门市热岛强度与相关地表因素的空间关系研究[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(5): 842-852.
[8]	张新林, 仇方道, 谭俊涛, 王长建. 中国工业生态效率时空分异特征及其影响因素解析[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(3): 335-343.
[9]	姜洪强, 梅林, 杨立青. 中国淘宝店铺服务质量空间分异及影响因素[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(3): 428-436.
[10]	谭俊涛, 赵宏波, 刘文新, 张平宇, 仇方道. 中国区域经济韧性特征与影响因素分析[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(2): 173-181.
[11]	汪凡, 汪明峰. 基于格网的淘宝村集聚特征及影响因素分析[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(2): 229-237.
[12]	湛东升, 虞晓芬, 吴倩倩, 金浩然, 张文忠. 中国租赁住房发展的区域差异与影响因素[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(12): 1990-1999.
[13]	李在军, 姜友雪, 秦兴方. 地方品质驱动新时期中国城市创新力时空演化[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(11): 1812-1821.
[14]	张萌铎, 陈卫卫, 高超, 张学磊, 姜怡冰, 修艾军. 东北地区大气污染物源排放时空特征：基于国内外清单的对比分析[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(11): 1940-1948.
[15]	邹辉, 段学军. 中国化工产业布局演变与影响机理研究[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(10): 1646-1653.