高速铁路对东北城市网络结构的空间影响

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.02.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

借鉴复杂网络理论,以铁路列车时刻表为基础数据,探讨高速铁路的开通对东北地区铁路网络结构和城市网络结构的空间影响。结果表明：① 高铁强化了东北地区铁路网络的小世界、无标度等网络特征,各网络节点在可达性和辐射能力方面受到4种不同形式的影响;② 高铁强化了沈阳和哈尔滨的主-副双核心铁路网络结构,使得拓扑网络的离散程度大幅降低,长春、大连等城市的网络联系中心性显著提升;③ 铁路交通重心向西北方向偏移,区域间不平衡性增强,吉林省成为东北铁路客运联系强度最高的地区;④ 大连市拥有特殊的门户城市特征,即对外联通能力强,但未形成足够吸引力。

关键词: 复杂网络, 铁路联系强度, 城市空间结构, 高速铁路, 东北地区

Abstract:

Transport infrastructure has always been regarded as one of the indispensable conditions for society development. Its quality improvement is often manifested in its speed and quantity enhancement.With reference to the complex network theory, based on the railway train timetable as the basic data, the spatial impact of the opening of the high-speed railway on the railway network structure and the urban network structure in the northeast region is discussed. The results show that: 1) The overall characteristics of the Northeast urban railway: individual cities have high degree values while most cities have low degree values. The clustering coefficient is basically inversely proportional to the degree. The average path length has been reduced after the opening of the high-speed railway. The complex network features such as scale-free and small world are more obvious, and the overall connectivity of the railway network hasbeenstrengthened. 2) After the opening of the high-speed railway, the sub-dual-core railway network structure greatly reduces the dispersion of the topological network, and significantly improves the centrality of network connections in cities such as Changchun and Dalian. 3) The center of gravity of railway traffic shifts to the northwest, and regional imbalances increase.After the opening of the high-speed rail, surpassing Liaoning's leading position, Jilin Province's spatial connection capacity has grown rapidly. At the same time, the overall spatial difference in Northeast China has further expanded, the balance has been reduced, and the core-periphery structure has been further polarized. 4) Compared with the other three central cities, Dalian cannot attract other cities at the first gravity, but it is at the same level as other central cities in the second gravity, which also reveals the unique gateway characteristic of Dalian as a central city: The scale of external contacts is strong, but due to the marginal location, Dalian does not have the function of radiating urban agglomerations in passenger and freight traffic flows.

Key words: complex network, contact strength, urban spatial structure, high-speedrailway, Northeast China

中图分类号:

F129.9

刘书舟, 韩增林, 郭建科. 高速铁路对东北城市网络结构的空间影响[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(2): 270-279.

Liu Shuzhou, Han Zenglin, Guo Jianke. The Impact of High Speed Railway on Urban Network Structure in Northeast China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2020, 40(2): 270-279.

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	K字头	T字头	Z字头	D字头	G字头	总计
2012年	239	54	8	102	0	403
2015年	370	64	34	152	168	788
增加数	154^a	10	26	50	168	408

城市	年份	频次（次）	一级联系	二级联系	三级联系	降级城市
沈阳	2012	106	锦州、四平、长春	哈尔滨等24个城市	本溪等52个城市	锦州、四平、兴城、梅河口、龙嘉
沈阳	2015	243	长春	哈尔滨、开原、德惠、抚顺等24个城市	本溪、洮南、北票、龙江、凌源、牙克石、扎兰屯、肇源、郭家店等63个城市	锦州、四平、兴城、梅河口、龙嘉
长春	2012	81	沈阳、吉林、四平	哈尔滨等9个城市	大庆等50个城市	吉林、四平
长春	2015	178	沈阳	哈尔滨、大连、昌图、开原、葫芦岛、鞍山、营口、盘锦、绥中、辽阳等18个城市	大庆、通辽、龙江、本溪、凤城、丹东、双辽、长岭、彰武、赤峰、牙克石、扎兰屯、肇源、郭家店、奈曼等61个城市	吉林、四平
哈尔滨	2012	63	沈阳、长春	大庆等19个城市	庆安等45个城市	五大连池
哈尔滨	2015	149	沈阳、长春	大庆、昌图、大连、安达、开原、葫芦岛、佳木斯、鞍山等20个城市	庆安、辽阳、通辽、松原、大安、本溪、凤城、丹东、白城、新民、双辽、长岭、兴安盟、赤峰、肇源、郭家店、奈曼、双鸭山等63个城市	五大连池
大连	2021	34	瓦房店、大石桥	营口等12个城市	北镇等51个城市	瓦房店、大石桥、台安、辽源
大连	2015	96	沈阳	营口、哈尔滨、铁岭、葫芦岛、昌图、开原、吉林等19个城市	北镇、德惠、扶余、长岭、洮南、牡丹江、肇东、白山、肇源、凌海等51个城市	瓦房店、大石桥、台安、辽源

分类依据	中心城市	地级城市	县级城市
中心性全面提升	哈尔滨沈阳大连	鞍山、白城、白山、赤峰、大庆、抚顺、呼伦贝尔、鸡西、牡丹江、齐齐哈尔、四平、绥化、铁岭、通化、通辽、兴安盟、营口	宝清、昌图、大石桥、东丰、抚远、富锦、柳河、海城、公主岭、郭家店、开原、林口、凌海、满洲里、穆棱、梅河口、磐石、普兰店、舒兰、双鸭山、泰康、泰来、瓦房店、新肇、牙克石、扎兰屯
提升可达性为主	长春	本溪、丹东、阜新、鹤岗、吉林、葫芦岛、佳木斯、锦州、辽阳、七台河、松原、延吉、伊春	安达、北票、北镇、大安、德惠、凤城、扶余、富裕、海林、黑山、加格达奇、凌源、龙江、龙井、绥芬河、密山、漠河、奈曼、讷河、嫩江、庆安、尚志、绥中、塔河、长岭、汤原、洮南、铁力、图们、新林、新民、兴城、彰武、肇东、双辽
提升辐射能力为主	无	朝阳、辽源、盘锦	安图、北安、敦化、盖州、海伦、绥棱、台安、义县、蛟河、清原满族自治县
边缘化加剧	无	黑河	灯塔、虎林、珲春、霍林郭勒、龙嘉、孙吴、五大连池

地区	对外铁路联系总量（次/h²）		均值（次/h²）		变异系数（%）
地区	2012年	2015年	2012年	2015年	2012年	2015年
东北地区	4436.67	18096.45	110.92	452.41	2.22	2.29
辽宁省	2615.52	6259.35	186.82	447.10	2.00	2.01
吉林省	957.42	8377.35	106.38	930.82	1.30	1.77
黑龙江省	713.57	3239.46	54.89	249.19	1.98	2.24
内蒙东四盟市	150.18	220.29	37.54	55.07	0.74	0.60