大型输水工程的生态效益与社会经济效益评价——以塔里木河下游为例

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.02.016

地理科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 308-314.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.02.016

大型输水工程的生态效益与社会经济效益评价——以塔里木河下游为例

王希义^1,², 彭淑贞¹, 徐海量²(), 马婷婷¹, 岳俊生¹

^1. 泰山学院旅游学院, 山东泰安 271000
^2. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2018-12-24 修回日期:2019-06-02 出版日期:2020-02-10 发布日期:2020-04-09
通讯作者: 徐海量 E-mail:xuhl@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:王希义（1988-）,男,山东滨州人,博士,讲师,研究方向为生态经济和恢复生态。E-mail: binzhouwxy@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41471099);国家自然科学基金项目(31400466);山东省泰山学院博士科研启动基金项目(Y-02-2018012)

Evaluation of Ecological and Social-economic Benefits of Large Water Conveyance Projects: A Case Study on the Lower Reaches of the Tarim River

Wang Xiyi^1,², Peng Shuzhen¹, Xu Hailiang²(), Ma Tingting¹, Yue Junsheng¹

^1. Tourism College, Taishan University, Tai’an 271000, Shandong, China;
^2. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China

Received:2018-12-24 Revised:2019-06-02 Online:2020-02-10 Published:2020-04-09
Contact: Xu Hailiang E-mail:xuhl@ms.xjb.ac.cn
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41471099);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31400466);Doctoral Research Initiation Fund of Taishan University in Shandong(Y-02-2018012)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于塔里木河下游2000年、2010年、2016年3期的遥感资料,对区域内的土地类型进行分类,评估整个区域的生态系统服务价值变化特征,并应用主成分分析法等估算区域的社会经济评价分值。结果表明：① 自生态输水以来,塔里木河下游地区的未利用地面积变化不大,水域面积增加最显著,耕地和建筑用地面积有所增加,林地和草地的面积有所减少。② 2000~2016年,塔里木河下游生态系统各项服务功能价值有所增加,其中以提供美学景观价值和气体调节的价值增加最大,增加率分别为318.35%,312.94%;生态系统服务总价值增加率约为69.57%。③ 影响塔里木河下游经济发展的因素可以概括为经济地理因素与农业发展水平。

关键词: 生态效益, 社会经济效益, 大型输水工程, 塔里木河下游

Abstract:

There are many problems of ecology and environment in arid area, and the ecological vulnerability is one of the focuses in arid regions. As a result, ecological protection and environmental management in arid regions have always been a hot topic of global concerns. The Tarim River Basin, which is very vulnerable, is located in the inland arid regions of Northwest China. Before the implementation of ecological water transport, due to the impacts of natural environmental changes and intensified human activities, the vegetation in the region was seriously damaged, desertification was gradually intensified, and economic developments was seriously hindered. Therefore, the ecological and environmental problems of the Tarim River Basin have been attracted great attentions of the state. In 2000, the Chinese government invested 10.7 billion yuan to carry out ecological control projects in the Tarim River Basin, and to implement ecological water conveyance in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. From 2000 to 2016, 17 times ecological water transfers have been carried out in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Studying whether the ecological water conveyance projects in the lower reaches of the Tarim River could improve the ecological environment and promote local economic development, and how to quantify the changes of ecological environment and economic development, and how to analyze the characteristics of the relationships between water conveyance and the changes of ecological environment and economic development, are the important basis for the scientific and sustainable implementation of ecological water conveyance, and of great significance for the sustainable development of regional economy. It is of great significance. Based on the remote sensing data of 2000, 2010 and 2016 in the lower reaches of Tarim River, land types in the region were classified and changing characteristics of ecosystem service value in the region were assessed; Then, Principal Component Analysis was applied to estimate the evaluation scores of regional socio-economic. The results are as follows: 1) Since the beginning of ecological water conveyance, the area of unused land in the lower reaches of the Tarim River has not changed much, and it has always accounted for more than 70% of the total area of the region; The water area increased most significantly, and the area of farmland and construction land has also increased, but the area of woodland and grassland decreased. 2) From 2000 to 2016, the value of each service function of ecosystem has increased, and the value of provide aesthetic landscape and gas regulation increased greatly, which were 318.35% and 312.94% respectively; What’s more, the total value of ecosystem services increased by about 69.57%. 3) The factors that affect the economic development of lower reaches of the Tarim River were economic geography factors and agricultural development level; From 2000 to 2016, social economic scores in the lower reaches of the Tarim River increased, that shows the social-economic benefits of ecological water conveyance were very significant, and there was a positive correlation between social and economic benefits and ecological water conveyance. As a result, the ecological water conveyance project should be continued with reasonable control and management measures in order to promote the local ecological restoration and sustainable economic development.

Key words: ecological benefits, social-economic benefits, large scale water conveyance projects, lower reaches of the Tarim River

中图分类号:

K902

王希义, 彭淑贞, 徐海量, 马婷婷, 岳俊生. 大型输水工程的生态效益与社会经济效益评价——以塔里木河下游为例[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(2): 308-314.

Wang Xiyi, Peng Shuzhen, Xu Hailiang, Ma Tingting, Yue Junsheng. Evaluation of Ecological and Social-economic Benefits of Large Water Conveyance Projects: A Case Study on the Lower Reaches of the Tarim River[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2020, 40(2): 308-314.

图/表 5

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土地类型	面积比例（%）			2000~2016年
	2000年	2010年	2016年	面积变化	动态度
	2000年	2010年	2016年	（km²）	（%）
耕地	2.63	3.39	3.78	155.48	43.8
林地	10.41	9.99	9.49	-123.78	-8.81
草地	12.63	4.13	11.61	-136.66	-8.016
水域	0.54	10.4	3.04	338.39	467.13
建筑用地	0.11	0.11	0.13	2.87	19.34
未利用地	73.69	71.97	71.95	-230.51	-2.32

年份	耕地	林地	草地	水域	建筑用地
2000	0.7	11.11	2.6	26.77	12.11
2010	0.87	12.98	3.07	31.18	13.95
2016	0.94	13.99	3.56	33.41	15.62

公因子	第1主成分特征值			被提取的载荷平方和
公因子	特征值	方差贡献率（%）	累计方差贡献率（%）	被提取的载荷平方和
1	4.837	80.623	80.623	?
2	0.724	12.065	92.688	?
3	0.386	6.441	99.129	×
4	0.038	0.638	99.766	×
5	0.011	0.189	99.955	×
6	0.003	0.034	99.990	×
7	0.001	0.010	100.00	×

大型输水工程的生态效益与社会经济效益评价——以塔里木河下游为例

Evaluation of Ecological and Social-economic Benefits of Large Water Conveyance Projects: A Case Study on the Lower Reaches of the Tarim River

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