中国国家级特色小镇空间分布及影响因素

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.03.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于第一批和第二批中国国家级特色小镇数据,借助GIS空间分析工具,采用核密度分析、邻域分析、缓冲区分析等方法,并结合数理统计方法,分析中国国家级特色小镇空间分布特征及其影响因素。结果表明：① 国家级特色小镇在空间上集聚分布,南多北少,由东部沿海和南部沿海向黄河中游、西北地区逐渐减少,沿海和中部省区分布数量较多。② 第一批国家级特色小镇高密度核心区位于中国的长三角地区,微型核心区为西藏和新疆地区,而第二批高密度核心区依旧位于长三角地区,次级核心区出现在京津冀地区和川黔渝三省交界处。③ 国家级特色小镇一方面聚集于坡度和地形起伏度小、海拔低、地势相对平坦的亚热带和暖温带地区;另一方面主要分布在经济基础好、市场发育程度高和文化产业发达的地区。

关键词: 国家级特色小镇, GIS, 核密度分析

Abstract:

The construction of characteristic towns is an important way to promote the agglomeration of regional spatial resources,optimize regional industrial structure, improve supply-side structural reform, and promote the sustainable and high-quality development of China's economy and resources protection. Based on the data of the first and second batches of national characteristic towns in China, with the help of GIS spatial analysis tools, methods such as Kernel Density Analysis, Neighborhood Analysis and Buffer Analysis are applied to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of national characteristic towns in China. The results show that: 1) National characteristic towns are distributed in an agglomeration pattern in space, which are mainly concentrated in coastal areas, central regions, especially in the Yangtze River Delta with an uneven distribution in north and south. In the 3 zones, the distribution of national characteristic towns in the eastern and western regions shows a trend of decreasing gradient from east to west. In the eight partitions, the number of national characteristic towns gradually decreases from the eastern coast and the southern coast to the middle reaches of the Yellow River and the northwest of China. 2) The first batch of national characteristic towns with high-density core areas are located in the Yangtze River Delta region of China, and the micro-core areas are in Tibet and Xinjiang, showing a gradual decline from the coast to the interior, which is coupled with the spatial distribution of the three major economic zones in eastern and western China. While the second batch of national characteristic towns with high-density core areas are still located in the Yangtze River Delta region. The secondary core areas appear in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the junction of Sichuan, Guizhou and Chongqing Provinces. 3) From the perspective of natural factors, national characteristic towns are concentrated in subtropical and warm temperate regions with small slope and topographic relief, low elevation and relatively flat terrain. From the perspective of social and economic factors, national characteristic towns are mainly distributed in the regions with good economic foundation, high-developed market and well-developed cultural industry.

Key words: national characteristic towns, GIS, Kernel Density Analysis

中图分类号:

K902

王兆峰, 刘庆芳. 中国国家级特色小镇空间分布及影响因素[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(3): 419-427.

Wang Zhaofeng, Liu Qingfang. The Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of National Characteristic Towns in China[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2020, 40(3): 419-427.

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影响因素	因子	具体指标	相关系数	t值	P值
经济区位因素	地区生产总值	地区生产总值（x₁）	0.785	6.834	0.000^***
	产业发展水平	第三产业产值（x₂）	0.703	5.318	0.000^***
	基础设施水平	年末实有道路长度（x₃）	0.775	6.609	0.000^***
		年末实有道路面积（x₄）	0.798	7.136	0.000^***
		城市桥梁（x₅）	0.689	5.116	0.000^***
		城市排水管道长度（x₆）	0.757	6.235	0.000^***
		城市污水处理能力（x₇）	0.690	5.131	0.000^***
		城市道路照明灯数量（x₈）	0.791	6.961	0.000^***
市场发育程度	人口总数	人口总数（x₉）	0.823	7.814	0.000^***
市场发育程度	接待人次	旅游接待人次（x₁₀）	0.378	2.197	0.050^**
人文历史因素	规模以上文化及相关产业法人单位数	规模以上文化及相关产业法人单位数（x₁₁）	0.677	4.953	0.000^***
人文历史因素	非物质文化遗产	国家级非物质文化遗产数量（x₁₂）	0.720	5.588	0.000^***

等级	1级	2级	3级	4级	5级	6级	7级	8级
距离(km)	0~30	30~60	60~90	90~120	120~150	150~180	180~210	210~240
数量(个)	22	65	124	168	220	258	286	313
第一批国家级特色小镇（个）	7	14	21	9	18	11	10	9
第二批国家级特色小镇（个）	15	29	38	35	34	27	18	18