青藏高原农区农户的家庭能源消费研究

doi:10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.03.013

地理科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 447-454.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.03.013

青藏高原农区农户的家庭能源消费研究

姜璐^1,², 邢冉^2,³, 陈兴鹏¹, 薛冰²()

^1. 兰州大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州 730000
^2. 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所/辽宁省环境计算与可持续发展重点实验室,辽宁沈阳 110016
^3. 中国科学院大学,北京100049

收稿日期:2019-03-05 修回日期:2019-08-12 出版日期:2020-03-10 发布日期:2020-05-13
通讯作者: 薛冰 E-mail:meil682@nenu.edu.cn
作者简介:姜璐（1989-）,女,青海西宁人,博士研究生,主要从事能源地理与可持续发展研究。E-mail: jianglu@iae.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0704702);国家自然科学基金项目(41471116);国家自然科学基金项目(41701142);国家自然科学基金项目(41971166);“辽宁省环境计算与可持续发展重点实验室”开放基金资助(20180110)

Rural Household Energy Consumption of Farmers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

Jiang Lu^1,², Xing Ran^2,³, Chen Xingpeng¹, Xue Bing²()

^1. College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
^2. Institute of Applied Ecology, key Lab of Environmental Computation and Sustainability of Liaoning Province,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
^3. University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2019-03-05 Revised:2019-08-12 Online:2020-03-10 Published:2020-05-13
Contact: Xue Bing E-mail:meil682@nenu.edu.cn
Supported by:
National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC0704702);National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(41471116);National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(41701142);National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(41971166);Key Lab for Environmental Computation and Sustainability of Liaoning Province Project(20180110)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农村能源转型是能源消费革命的重要组成部分。基于问卷调查和入户访谈,对青海省10个县（区）的318户农区家庭用能信息进行调查,辨识了青海省农区不同收入分层家庭的能源消费模式,并通过建立典型家庭能源流模型,总结了家庭能获取-消费-废弃过程的形态变化。结果显示：青海省农区家庭能源消费以煤炭、薪柴和秸秆为主,非商品能源消费占比为49.6%,清洁能源使用率低。煤炭消费在5类家庭中均占比最高,薪柴和秸秆消费在低收入家庭占比较高。高收入家庭能源消费类型更多,消费量也大,能源流动更复杂。最后,根据青海省的经济地理特征,提出相应政策建议。

关键词: 人地关系, 家庭能源消费, 能源地理, 物质流模型, 青藏高原

Abstract:

Household energy consumption has been a major contributor to the increase in global energy demand and carbon emission, and the household sector has also become one of the most crucial factors shaping the management of developments towards sustainability. Rural energy consumption not only affects the national economy significantly but also affects the living conditions of rural residents. Research of household-scale energy consumption patterns is important basic work. A comprehensive survey of households in the rural area of Qinghai Province was conducted from 2017-2018 to identify energy consumption characteristics. In particular, in this article, 3 typical household energy flow models were established. The following conclusions are drawn: coal, fuelwood, and straw are the major energy source for heating and cooking in the agricultural areas of Qinghai Province. Coal constitutes the largest portion of household energy consumption. However, the use rate of clean energy is quite low, and energy poverty is more prominent. The low-income households account for a large proportion of fuelwood and straw consumption. Households of different cultural backgrounds have different energy consumption patterns. The results of this survey will not only help decision-makers and scholars discover the possibility of energy conservation but also more effectively assess energy policies. According to the economic and geographical characteristics of Qinghai, the energy policies are put forward. For example, renewable energy is not only a solution to the energy shortage problem in rural areas, but also helps conserve fossil resources and protect the environment. The environmental problems have emerged with the change of household energy consumption patterns, making it necessary to conduct systematic planning on household energy construction.

Key words: human-land relationship, household energy consumption, energy geography, material flow model, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

中图分类号:

K902

姜璐, 邢冉, 陈兴鹏, 薛冰. 青藏高原农区农户的家庭能源消费研究[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(3): 447-454.

Jiang Lu, Xing Ran, Chen Xingpeng, Xue Bing. Rural Household Energy Consumption of Farmers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2020, 40(3): 447-454.

图/表 7

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变量	（1）	(2)	（3）
收入	-0.015^***	-0.014^***	-0.013^**
煤炭价格^a	0.318^***	-0.030	-0.008
太阳能	-0.821^*	-0.813	-0.802
沼气池	-0.137	-0.054	-0.014
耕种收入在家庭总收入中的比例	-	0.282^*	0.262
家庭总人口	-	0.096	0.043
劳动力人口	-	0.310	0.312
户主教育水平	-	0.017	0.014
家中9 a以上义务教育人数	-	-0.076	-0.055
户主年龄	-	0.013	0.014
农地面积	-	0.037^*	0.040^**
Log pseudolikelihood	-606.82	-472.12	-471.01
F值	65.88	91.69	761.95
Prob > F	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000
观测值	317	262	262

收入分组	低收入	中低收入	中等收入	中高收入	高收入
家庭收入（元）	9905	15547	19602	36422	86651
家庭规模（人）	5.00	4.55	3.75	4.23	4.24
非农劳动力人口（人）	1.92	1.94	1.67	1.88	2.14
户主受教育年限（a）	5.95	5.88	5.58	6.09	7.13
户主年龄（岁）	55.67	52.59	50.08	48.97	49.87
家庭耕地面积（亩）	4.70	7.67	5.78	6.40	5.50

能源类型			收入分组
			低收入			中低收入			中等收入			中高收入			高收入
			数量（kgce）	结构（%）		数量（kgce）	结构（%）		数量（kgce）	结构（%）		数量（kgce）	结构（%）		数量（kgce）	结构（%）
非商品能源	传统能源	薪柴	1083.95	26.42		848.31	21.37		411.94	16.7		779.92	23.51		727.79	21.56
		秸秆	1015.11	24.74		358.80	9.04		328.27	13.31		378.58	11.41		531.67	15.75
		畜粪	292.59	7.13		769.92	19.39		396.09	16.06		352.19	10.62		279.54	8.28
	清洁能源	沼气	2.98	0.07		3.48	0.09		0.27	0.01		0.00	0.00		0.00	0.00
商品能源	低质商品能	煤炭	1280.06	31.2		1462.08	36.82		800.23	32.44		915.20	27.59		1046.51	31
		汽油	176.11	4.29	239.30	6.03		236.53	9.59		625.56	18.86		465.86	13.8
		柴油	20.70	0.5	31.22	0.79		19.95	0.81		14.33	0.43		9.35	0.28
	高质商品能	液化气	70.52	1.72	102.38		2.58	55.28		2.24	46.13		1.39	86.86		2.57
		天然气	3.48	0.08	7.52	0.19		102.89	4.17		88.78	2.68		71.22	2.11
		电	157.59	3.84	147.41	3.71		115.50	4.68		116.72	3.52		157.25	4.66

青藏高原农区农户的家庭能源消费研究

Rural Household Energy Consumption of Farmers in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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