地理科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 544-555.doi: 10.13249/j.cnki.sgs.2020.04.006
收稿日期:
2019-01-20
出版日期:
2020-04-10
发布日期:
2020-06-10
通讯作者:
徐茜
E-mail:xuqian19840613@163.com
作者简介:
杨忍(1984-),男,贵州毕节人,博士,副教授,博导,主要从事乡村地理、城乡发展与土地利用研究。E-mail:yangren0514@163.com
基金资助:
Yang Ren1, Chen Yanchun1, Zhang Jing1, Xu Qian2()
Received:
2019-01-20
Online:
2020-04-10
Published:
2020-06-10
Contact:
Xu Qian
E-mail:xuqian19840613@163.com
Supported by:
摘要:
采用Citespace工具和文献归纳方法,系统梳理了20世纪90年代以来西方乡村地理研究的热点及理论发展脉络。在全球化和逆城市化背景下,西方国家乡村地区普遍经历了发展转型与空间分化过程,其研究热点和主要理论发展大致分为3个阶段。20世纪90年代,主要关注于乡村农业去中心化和逆城市化过程,延续20世纪80年代政治经济学的研究范式,围绕农业经济展开的监管理论和根植于浪漫主义运动的乡村田园牧歌式理论主张占主导,受后现代思潮影响兴起了社会文化转向的“他者”研究;进入21世纪,在网络视角转向下,全球尺度的乡村分化及其内在机制的综合研究引起学界关注,研究议题及理论切入主要涉及全球乡村、乡村重构、乡村分化、多功能农业、舒适性迁移和创新理论等;近10 a以来,在全球气候变化和粮食危机背景下,危机下的乡村可持续发展得以较大关注,衍生出可持续生计、社区恢复力、脆弱性、生态经济、生物经济等的概念和理论主张。中国乡村地理的学科发展需集成多学科方法与理论,融合中西方乡村研究的理论与实证成果,以人地关系地域系统理论为核心指导,全面深化从系统的“要素-结构-功能”视角分析乡村生产、生活、生态、经济、社会、文化等多维空间的分化、重构、治理的过程、动力和综合效应及其优化调控机制,发展中国乡村人地关系地域系统理论。
中图分类号:
杨忍, 陈燕纯, 张菁, 徐茜. 20世纪90年代以来西方乡村地理研究的主要理论演变与启示[J]. 地理科学, 2020, 40(4): 544-555.
Yang Ren, Chen Yanchun, Zhang Jing, Xu Qian. The Main Theoretical Evolution and Enlightenment of Western Rural Geography Since 1990s[J]. SCIENTIA GEOGRAPHICA SINICA, 2020, 40(4): 544-555.
表1
西方乡村地理学发展阶段及其特征"
阶段 | 研究主题 | 理论视角 | 乡村发展特征 | 代表人物 |
---|---|---|---|---|
20世纪90 年代 | 乡村景观、土地利用、农业、小农经济、迁移、政策、治理、社区、乡村性、地方、身份、性别等 | 监管理论、后福特主义、后生产主义、乡村田园牧歌主张、剥夺理论、后结构后现代主义、后乡村主张等 | 农业去中心化、逆城市化、城乡通勤带、第二住宅、放松监管、农民财政危机、农产品滞销、商品价格降低、农业部门多样化、旅游和服务业发展、贫困等 | Philo C, Little J, Cloke P, Marsden T, Ilbery B, Goodman D, Goodwin M, Morris C, Halfacree K H, Valentine G, Kenney M |
21世纪初 | 后生产主义、消费、旅游、网络、多元分化、多功能性、绅士化、全球化、转型、知识、创新、移民等 | 多功能农业、乡村分化、全球乡村、乡村重构、舒适性迁移、创新理论、社会网络理论、流空间理论、行动者网络理论等 | 全球贸易自由化、全球化、全球发展不平衡、乡村空间多元分化、乡村区域化、乡村空间异质性、本地居民流离失所等 | Marsden T, Murdoch J, Holmes J, Woods M, Gosnell H, Stockdale A, Wilson G A, Liepins R, Urry J, Castells M |
2008年至今 | 气候变化、食品安全、国际迁移、生物多样性、生态系统服务、环境保护、脆弱性、恢复力、适应能力、农户生计等 | 生物经济生产主义、生态经济生产主义、新分化全球乡村、可持续生计、脆弱性、社区恢复力等 | 全球气候变化、全球粮食价格上涨、全球移民、乡村社会关系扩张、能源危机、自然灾害等 | Smith N, Lowe P, Kurtz M, Woods M, Adger W N, Steger M B, Massey D, Williams G, Eakin H |
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